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Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat. During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood. Fatty acid molecules are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called a triglyceride. Fatty acids are long-chain hydrocarbons that can be separated into four categories: saturated, mono-unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat.
(Functional roles of fatty acids and their effects on human health n.d.)
https://youtu.be/gcYFZzpF8G8

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Functions Of Fat - How The Body Uses Fats - Importance Of Fats In The Body Explained

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A glycerolipid is comprised of a glycerol backbone and at least one fatty acid. Glycerolipids act as energy storage. Thus, much of the storage fat in animal’s adipose tissues is comprised mainly of glycerolipids. One of the most commonly known glycerolipids is the triglyceride (also referred to as triacylglycerol). The triglyceride is an energy-rich compound consisting of a glycerol and three fatty acids and The triglyceride is a major component of animal and plant oils and fats. In plants, they are typically found in plant cell membrane where the fatty acids are mostly unsaturated. In animals, the fatty acid component is largely saturated.

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Sphingolipids are enriched in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and display multiple biological functions. They participate in tissue development, cell recognition and adhesion, and act as receptors for toxins. During myelination, a variety of interactive molecules such as myelin and basic protein.
https://youtu.be/ytn36xk2fyc

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https://youtu.be/s7YTmaC_wvU

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The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small organic molecules that consist of an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component called a side chain (see below). Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid. The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein is considered the primary structure of the protein.
(Protein structure 2022).
https://youtu.be/Jf8OdJa8DTU

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Functions Of Protein In The Body - How The Body Uses Proteins - Importance Of Protein

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Amides are extremely stable in solution, while esters are unstable. The amino-esters are hydrolyzed in plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase, whereas the amide compounds undergo enzymatic degradation in the liver and excretion in the urine. Esters are named as if the alkyl chain from the alcohol is a substituent. No number is assigned to this alkyl chain. This is followed by the name of the parent chain from the carboxylic acid part of the ester with an –e remove and replaced with the ending (oate). Thioesters are common intermediates in many biosynthetic reactions, including the formation and degradation of fatty acids and mevalonate, precursor to steroids.
(Shi et al., 2021).

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Steroids are a man made version of hormones normally produced by the adrenal glands which are two small glands found above the kidneys. When taken in doses higher than the amount your body normally produces, steroids reduce redness and swelling (inflammation). A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration. Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity and as signaling molecules.

https://youtu.be/3z4XNWCnY-I

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Oxidation of fatty acids occurs in multiple regions of the cell within the human body; the mitochondria, in which only Beta-oxidation occurs; the peroxisome, where alpha- and beta-oxidation occur; and omega-oxidation, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum.
https://youtu.be/acA5iF1zrDI

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Calder PC. Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015 Sep;39(1 Suppl):18S-32S. doi: 10.1177/0148607115595980. Epub 2015 Jul 15. PMID: 26177664.
Dasgupta S, Ray SK. Diverse Biological Functions of Sphingolipids in the CNS: Ceramide and Sphingosine Regulate Myelination in Developing Brain but Stimulate Demyelination during Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. J Neurol Psychol. 2017 Dec;5(1):10.13188/2332-3469.1000035. doi: 10.13188/2332-3469.1000035. Epub 2017 Dec 23. PMID: 30338269; PMCID: PMC6190913.
Shi, Y., Liu, X., Cao, H., Bie, F., Han, Y., Yan, P., Szostak, R., Szostak, M., & Liu, C. (2021, March 16). Conversion of esters to thioesters under mild conditions. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/ob/d1ob00187f/unauth
Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, April 21). Proteinogenic amino acid. Wikipedia. Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinogenic_amino_acid
Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, August 17). Protein structure. Wikipedia. Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure

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Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. The word proteinogenic means protein creating.
(Proteinogenic amino acid 2022).
https://youtu.be/Nf2ChNYxYQc

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Amino Acids - What Are And What Do Amino Acids Do - What Are Complete And Incomplete Proteins