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The Manunggul Jar shows that the Filipinos' maritime culture is paramount that it reflected its ancestors' religious beliefs. Many epics around the Philippines would tell how souls go to the next life, aboard boats, pass through the rivers and seas. This belief is connected with the Austronesian belief of the anito. (Ortiz, Aurora R.; Erestain, Teresita E.; Guillermo, Alice G.; Montano, Myrna C.; Pilar, Santiago A., 1976)

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The bulul is a carved wooden statue that the Ifugao people of Northern Luzon used to guard their rice crop. They are carved from a single piece of wood and depict humans with very unrealistic features. This bulul are supposed to represent the ancestors of the Ifugaos, and the people supposedly gain power from the presence of ancestral spirits within them. The statues have the figures either standing or sitting down, and the male and female statues are usually found next to each other. They each have sex-related symbols: the mortar for the female and the pestle for the male. Among the different types of Ifugao figurative sculptures, the bulul is the most known and are the most abundant. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art,2022)

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Of all the new art forms introduced, the natives took to sculpture instantly. The carving of anito was transformed into sculpture of the saints. These santos were used primarily for the church altars and retablos. It also replaced the anitos in the altars of the natives’ homes. Carvings for churches include altarpieces called retablos (usually with niches for the icons), the central point of any Catholic church. The retablo houses the tabernacle and the image of the town’s patron saint. Usually referred to as a “cabinet of saints”, one would see a hierarchy of saints depending on their importance to the townspeople. The patron saint would be in the middle; less important saints would be in the periphery. The most elaborate retablos can be seen in the San Agustin Church in Intramuros. (ncaa.gov.ph)

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Paete, a small woodcarving town in Laguna, Southern Luzon, produced the finest santo carvers during this period. The most prominent name is Mariano Madriñan who won a gold medal in the 1883 Amsterdam Exposition for his Mater Dolorosa (Sorrowful Mother). The second half of the 19th century, as travel in and around the country considerably improved, saw a marked increase in the demand for non-religious souvenirs. Tipos del pais (human types of the country) sculptures, showing ordinary people doing everyday activities and wearing their local costumes, became the favorite. They also depicted the heads of the various ethnic groups. (ncaa.gov.ph)

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No symbol other than The Oblation has stood for the University of the Philippines (UP) love of freedom, search for truth, and love of country. Sculptor Guillermo Tolentino erected this concrete statue in 1935 at the University of the Philippines at Padre Faura. (bahaynakpil.org)

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Kaganapan literally interprets the female reproductive function as a fulfillment for women. It is included in Abueva's own collection. Historians say that Kaganapan is among Abueva's works that were inspired by Romanian artist Constantin Brancusi's art. He sculpted it out of marble in 1952, whilehe was still studying at the University of the Philippines. Some sources also say this sculpture was crafted in 1953 (wikipilipinas.com)

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The seven-feet bronze sculpture depicts a blindfold, grieving woman in Maria Clara traditional Filipiniana gown. "This monument is a reminder of the Filipino women who were victims of abuses during the occupation of the Japanese forces from 1942-1945. Japan occupied the Philippines for over three years, until the surrender of Japan. A highly effective guerilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. MacArthur supplied them by submarine, and sent reinforcements and officers. (artsandculture.com)

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The Sarimanok by Abdulmari Imao depicts the legendary bird that has become a ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune. (incollect.com)

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Found in UP Diliman's Hardin ng mga Diwata, Abueva's “Siyam na Diwata ng Sining” represents the 9 muses: architecture, dance, film, literature, music, painting, photography, sculpture, and theater. (rappler.com)