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Platypus
The platypus is one of five extant species of monotremes, which are mammals that lay eggs and do not give birth to live young. Like other monotremes, it senses prey by means of electrolocation. The platypus is one of the few species of venomous mammals, in which the male platypus has spurs on the back of its legs capable of delivering venom, which can cause severe pain in humans. The unusual appearance of this egg-laying mammal, which has a duck-like bill, biwara tail, and beaver-like feet baffled European naturalists when they first discovered it, and the first scientists to examine the preserved body of a platypus (in 1799) judged it a fake, said it was made of several animals sewn together. The platypus' unique features make it an important subject in the study of biological evolution, and an easily recognized iconic symbol of Australia. The platypus is culturally significant to some Aboriginal Australian tribes, who also used to hunt this animal for food. The platypus appears as a mascot at national events and is featured on the back of the Australian twenty cent coin, the platypus is also the coat of arms of the state of New South Wales. Until the early 20th century, humans demanded platypuses for their skins, but today they are protected throughout their range. Although program captive breeding has had only limited success, and platypuses are vulnerable to the effects of pollution, they are not successful

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The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), also known as the sagehen, is the largest grouse (a type of bird) in North America. Its range is sagebrush country in the western United States and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. It was known as simply the sage grouse until the Gunnison sage-grouse was recognized as a separate species in 2000. The Mono Basin population of sage grouse may also be distinct.

Population,

Their historic range spanned 16 American states and Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan in Canada. Between 1988 and 2012, the Canadian population declined by 98%. By 2012, they were extirpated from British Columbia and left with only remnant populations in Alberta with 40 to 60 adult birds, and in Saskatchewan with only 55 to 80 adult birds. By 2013, sage grouse were also extirpated from five U.S. states. In 2013, the Canadian Governor in Council on behalf of the Minister of the Environment, under the Species at Risk Act, annexed an emergency order for the protection of the greater sage-grouse.

Sage grouse habitat

Sagebrush plains; also foothills and mountain slopes where sagebrush grows. Found on open plains, high valleys, rocky mesas, mountainsides, but only in vicinity of sagebrush. Prime nesting habitat includes some lower wet areas where young can forage for insects. In very dry country, may fly several miles to a source of water in morning and evening.

uniqueness ofsage grouse

Sage Grouse birds will nest at ground level under sagebrush or under shrubs. When in spring, the male birds will gather and wag their pointed tails. These birds will also inflate a yellow air sac on their chest. Furthermore, it will also make distinctive sounds in the morning and evening to attract the attention of female birds. For female birds, they will then select which males are the most attractive based on them, after that they will be chosen to serve as their partners.

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Javanese tiger (Panthera tigris Sondaica (Temminck, 1844)). The clearing of forest land in Java in the early 1800s to become plantations disturbed the habitat of the Javanese tiger, which then led to conflict between tigers and humans. Due to the many conflicts between the Javanese tigers and humans, their hunting has become increasingly massive. Until the early 1940s, the population of Javan tigers was estimated to be only 200-300 individuals and continued to decline after that. In the 1950s, it was estimated that there were only 25 Javan tigers left. The International Union for Conservation of Nature officially announced that the last Javan tiger was in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java in 1976. After that the tiger disappeared and was finally declared extinct in the early 1980s. Currently it is occasionally reported to be seen in mountainous forests on the island of Java, however its presence cannot be verified yet.

Currently, what remains in Indonesia is the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris Sumatrae (Temminck, 1844)). It is estimated that currently the population is only around 400-500 individuals in the forests of Sumatra (national parks).

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Fish all accross the ocean are living their lives by staying in water. Among those fish, whale sharks is one of the endangered species in the vast ocean. Whale sharks are said to be going in an extinction by scientists. They often swim in the deep ocean, so it's hard to find them on the surface. The name whale sharks doesn't indicate that it's a whale. Whale sharks are considered as a shark.

The causes of their extinction are large shipping vessels. That's the main reason of their extinction. Consumption of seafood which are the food for the whale sharks themselves. Shark fins are spreading everywhere to be sharks product, for instance a shark fin soup.

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The black orchid, a species of plant found in Krayan District, is one of Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan, and even the world's greatest botanical achievements. This plant is an orchid species that can be found in Borneo's woods. Due to Kalimantan's diminishing forest area, there has been a noticeable drop in their population in their native habitat. Due of its extinction concern, the black orchid is an orchid species that is protected in Indonesia.
The black orchid differs from other varieties of orchids in that it gives out a pleasant perfume. This rare orchid typically hangs out in coastal or swampy locations on old trees. This orchid typically grows in lowland places on ancient trees, next to beaches, in lowland swamps that get fairly hot, close to rivers, and in damp woodlands. The black orchid is a carrier of the uncommon black trait, which is where plant breeding scientists get the black color they need to make new hybrids with various appealing flower hues.
The tubers have a shiny surface and a bright green color, which makes them highly eye-catching. Two stiff leaves that resemble coconut shell wrappers develop in each tuber. The final arrangement of two leaves and tubers resembles a fish. This orchid has a highly unique appearance due to the flower stalks that hang down in a regular pattern. Naturally, this plant is one of the species most prized by orchid collectors, which is one of the causes of the growing shortage of black orchid germplasm in its native environment. In Kalimantan, the black orchid is a treasured but poorly preserved forest resource.
The habitat and quantity of black orchids that grow in nature are declining along with numerous human activities that result in a reduction in forest area. Black orchids like small, disappearing black jewels that are tucked away in Kalimantan's dense forest. Since that Malaysia, our neighbor, too has a comparable flora, we do not want her to claim this natural wealth as she has done with adan rice.

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BORNEO TALLOW NUT

Borneo Tallow Nut is the name of the fruit and tree of several types of Shorea, the Dipterocarpaceae family, which produce high-value fatty oils. Borneo Tallow Nut is one of the flora that grows in the forests of West Kalimantan and has been cultivated since 1881.

Borneo Tallow Nut processed to produce vegetable oil. Its derivatives are also used as basic ingredients for the manufacture of food, chocolate, lubricants, drugs, candles and cosmetics. This use makes the Dayak tribe in West Kalimantan regard Borneo Tallow Nut as a tree of life. In fact, because of its important benefits this tree is passed on to their offspring. If it is old, the stems are used to make houses. In order to shift dependence on palm oil, the parties began to intensify the use of Borneo Tallow Nut oil. So that the community can process Borneo Tallow Nut fruit into several derivatives, the Faculty of Forestry, University of Tanjungpura (Untan) in collaboration with the Research and Study Institute for Regional Information Flows provided assistance with press equipment for making Borneo Tallow Nut fruit oil and flour to the Borneo Tallow Nut Layar Farmer Group, Malayang Hamlet, Sahan Village, District Covering an area, Bengkayang Regency.

Currently the existence of Borneo Tallow Nut tree is threatened with extinction. The number of trees has been greatly reduced, causing the reduction of Borneo Tallow Nut trees due to deforestation and changes in land use. Borneo Tallow Nut Tengkul is included in the category that is facing a very high risk of extinction in nature which is categorized as endangered according to the provisions of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 2013) or in Indonesian, the International Union for Conservation of Nature or another name the World Conservation Union. The rampant logging in the forest has resulted in the logging of tree species that have high economic value, including the Borneo Tallow Nut tree, making this tree increasingly rare. In addition, the rampant clearing of land for oil palm and rubber plantations has exacerbated the existence of this endemic plant species in West Kalimantan.

Of the tens of Borneo Tallow Nut plant species, there are 13 Borneo Tallow Nut species that are designated as protected wood species under PP No. 7 of 1999.

Several types of Borneo Tallow Nut that are vulnerable and protected are S. macrophylla, S. palebanica, S. splendida, S. stenoptera, S. seminis, S. beccariana, S. mecistopteryx and S. pinanga. Even though it has been legally protected, the sustainability of the Borneo Tallow Nut species is still under threat.

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The Golden Mantle Tree-Kangaroo

The golden coat tree kangaroo or in its scientific name Dendrolagus pulcherrimus is a type of tree kangaroo found only in the mountain forests of the island of Irian. This species has short, light brown hairs. The neck, cheeks and legs are yellowish. The lower side of the belly is paler with two golden stripes on the back. Long, prehensile tail with bright bands.
The Golden Mantle Tree-Kangaroo is similar in appearance to the Ornamental Tree-Kangaroo. The difference is that the Golden Mantle Tree Kangaroo has a lighter or pinkish face color, golden shoulders, white ears and is smaller in size than the Ornamental Tree Kangaroo. Some scholars place the Golden Mantle Tree-Kangaroo as a subspecies of the Ornamental Tree-Kangaroo.
The golden coat tree kangaroo was discovered in 1990 by Pavel German on Mount Sapau, Torricelli Mountains in Papua New Guinea. Another population was discovered in a remote area of ​​the Foja Mountains, Papua province, Indonesia in December 2005. This species is a new large mammal species for Indonesia.
The Golden Coat tree kangaroo is one of the most endangered tree kangaroos of all tree kangaroos. This species has become extinct in most of its natural habitat.

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Facts about whale sharks that many people may not know, one of which is the risk of eating plastic waste in the sea.

Processed from the WWF Indonesia Foundation's Twitter account, Thursday (1/9/2022), the whale shark is the largest fish species in the world, with habitats that stretch from tropical to subtropical waters.

Whale sharks have 2,900 tiny teeth around their eyeballs that serve as protection from mechanical injury.

Whale shark "homeboy"

Juvenile whale sharks are often called the true "kids of the house," as they roam the same area for long periods of the year.

The age of whale sharks can be estimated

Previously, scientists had tried to determine how old this whale shark was. However, researchers around the world have not been able to find out.

As a result of a cold war-era nuclear explosion, scientists can reliably estimate the age of whale sharks, with the oldest recorded specimens dating back 50 years.

Whale sharks in Indonesia are estimated to be at risk of eating up to 137 plastic waste per hour

When the whale shark was looking for food on the surface, several individuals died and some plastic waste was found in the whale shark's stomach.

After studying plastic abundance at 3 sites across the country, researchers concluded that whale sharks in Indonesia can eat up to 137 pieces of marine plastic per hour.

Whale sharks have habitat near the surface or the water column

causes of scarcity of whale sharks As reported by the Independent, Tuesday (10/5/2022) the number of whale sharks has decreased in recent years in many aquatic locations in the world. However, the cause of the decline itself is still not known with certainty.

On the other hand, experts say that these endangered animals spend more time on the surface of the water and congregate in coastal areas. So, getting hit by a large ship can cause the death of a shark. Even so, there is no way to monitor the threat from these shipping activities.

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The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant native to the subtropical wetlands of the East Coast of the United States in North Carolina and South Carolina.

Objective:
Because the Venus Flytrap is an insectivorous plant it is very useful for places where there are lots of insects. In addition to decoration, it can also reduce mosquitoes in the house without using chemicals.

Food:
The venus flytrap's main prey is ants, but it can also prey on flies, beetles, slugs, spiders, to small frogs. Even though they eat insects, Venus flytraps still need water, air, and sunlight for their nutrition.

The special features of the Venus plant are:
-Its striking color is useful for attracting insects to get closer and into the trap.
-Hinged, hairy leaves. The hinges on the leaves of this plant are part of the weapon for trapping insects.

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of various other animals, the Sumatran tiger is one of the animals that can be said to be an endangered animal, this is due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and trade and conflict with humans being the main cause of the reduction in the Sumatran tiger population.  It is even believed that poaching and conflict are currently the top killing factors for tigers.  there are many poachers who want to hunt tigers with the aim of getting skin, whiskers, nails, fangs, to the meat and reducing the prey they want to eat. In Sumatra there are less than 400 populations of tigers. Even though tigers are predatory animals, we should also preserve the fauna.  in our country so that there is no extinction of the Sumatran tiger

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Bali starling or Leucopsar rothschildi, in the area of ​​origin of the island of Bali is called Curik. This bird has a rather large body size, body length from head to tail can reach 25 cm. This Bali Starling is only found on the island of Bali (endemic).
The reason is, in the mid-90s, the Bali Starling was threatened with extinction due to poaching for the illegal trade because the prices were classified as fantastic, reaching tens of millions for one bird.
According to several sources, there were even six Bali starlings left in their natural habitat in the West Bali National Park in 2005-2006. Now, this rare bird has experienced a population increase through captive and release programs.

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Birds of paradise have beauty in their feathers. The feathers grow in the area of ​​their beak, wings and head. The color of the fur is very bright. Because of this beauty, the bird of paradise is called a bird of paradise, which means a bird from heaven.
The existence of birds of paradise is increasingly threatened because of the beauty of its feathers, the existence of birds of paradise is increasingly threatened with extinction.
Much poaching and illegal fishing is carried out for trade purposes. As a result, the destruction of living habitats in the wild are some of the main reasons for the increasing scarcity of this bird, which has become an icon of Papua.
Birds of paradise are hunted a lot because they have beautiful feathers, even though they are only found in Papua. Cenderawasih birds are a group of animals that are only found in eastern Indonesia, including the Papua region.
Therefore, we as a nation of Indonesia must protect and preserve the bird of paradise, which is our pride

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Dugong is one of the marine mammals in Indonesia which is vulnerable to extinction. Dugongs have an important role in marine life, especially for the existence of seagrasses. The existence of dugongs makes seagrasses which are a habitat for various marine biota still exist.
Unfortunately, the dugong population is decreasing and may become extinct. There are several contributing factors, ranging from slow reproduction rates, illegal hunting, to a decrease in the area of ​​sea grass due to decreased seawater quality or development in coastal areas. In order not to become extinct, dugongs in Indonesia must receive protection and preservation.

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The Eastern Hare-Wallaby (English Eastern Hare-Wallaby; Latin Lagorchestes leporides) is an extinct species of wallaby. It used to live on the inland plains of southeastern Australia and had rabbit-like habits. It has a unique resting position during the day, usually under the protection of a clump of tussock grass. If the animal is approached, it will leap at full speed. A wallaby pursued by a predator or hunter at a distance of 500 meters will double its jump abruptly and return within 6 meters and can leap as high as 1.8 meters. This happened to John Gould who was jumped on the head by a wallaby-rabbit.

This animal used to be a common species, but it may compete with cattle or sheep. It could also have been adversely affected by the changing burning patterns of the fields or by the spread of cats. The last record reported a female of the species was captured by Mr. Bennett in August 1889.Kangaroos and wallabies are two marsupials that can be found in Eastern Indonesia and Australia.
Habitat and Distribution of the Ash Wallaby,Its conservation status is very worrying, so it is classified as an endangered animal.

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Bunga Rinjani Intan Putri Pertiwi 04 (X.2) 

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Bunga Rinjani Intan Putri Pertiwi 04 (X.2) 

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" Kucing Merah "
The red cat is much smaller than the asian golden cat. the coat is light brown, and paler on the underside, the hair on the legs and tail is a bit paler and red. the tail is elongated, tapering at the end, with a white stripe on the underside, which becomes whiter towards the tip, and a small black spot on the upper end. This cat's ears are round, the color of the fur on the outside is blackish brown, while the inside is lighter in color. The red cat (pardofelis badia or catopuma badia), also known as the Kalimantan cat, the Kalimantan red cat, or the Kalimantan rock cat, is a feral cat endemic to the island of Borneo which is less common than other sympatric cat species, based on a lack of historical and recent records. . In 2002, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified this forest species as endangered due to an estimated population decline of more than 20% by 2020 due to habitat loss. in 2007, the effective population size was estimated at less than 2,500 adult cats.

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Emperor Penguins

Emperor penguins live on the continent of Antarctica - the south pole of the earth.
The official emperor penguin is an endangered animal due to climate change that has hit the Earth.  The emperor penguin is the largest species of penguin on the planet.

A study published last year described a potential threat to the survival of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri).  The study found up to 70% of emperor penguin colonies in Antarctica could become extinct by 2050 if current rates of sea ice loss continue.

In a worst-case scenario, 98% of the colony could even disappear by 2100, leaving the largest penguin species on Earth unable to recover.

According to the USFWS, there are currently approximately 61 emperor penguin colonies living along the Antarctic coastline, which includes approximately 270 thousand to 280 thousand pairs.  This population is considered to appear to be stable, but due to significant loss of sea ice, the number of these flightless birds is expected to decrease "at a significant rate."

An example shows that if humans manage to dramatically delay carbon emissions, the global emperor penguin population will decrease by approximately 26% by 2050.

But in a high-carbon emission scenario, the population could drop by more than 50% in the same timeframe.  Note that this decline in emperor penguin populations may be uneven and vary by colony.

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The Javan Green Peacock (Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766) is a rare bird whose distribution is currently only on the island of Java, one of which is in Ujung Kulon National Park. The scarcity is due to the large number of wildlife poaching, land conversion, and habitat destruction. This has caused considerable pressure on the life of the Javan Green Peacock, both in terms of population and habitat. As for the efforts of the Javanese Green Peacock to survive by using strategic ecological populations. This research was conducted to overcome the drastic decline in the Javan Green Peafowl population by conducting habitat development and increasing surveillance. The research methods used included observing observations, observing observations, vegetation analysis, analyzing habitat use which were then analyzed by the four of them. The results of this study were that the Cidaon Grazing Field had fulfilled the habitat needs of the Javan Green Peacock with a population of 20 individuals with an inverted age difference and a male sex ratio of 1:3 female.

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PANGOLIN

Pangolins live in lowland tropical rainforests. Pangolins are sometimes also known as anteaters (anteaters).

The physical appearance of a pangolin is marked by large, hardened, overlapping, plate-like scales, which are soft on newborn pangolins, but harden as the animal matures.They are made of keratin, the same material from which human fingernails and tetrapod claws are made, and are structurally and compositionally very different from the scales of reptiles. The pangolin's scaled body is comparable in appearance to a pine cone. It can curl up into a ball when threatened, with its overlapping scales acting as armor, while it protects its face by tucking it under its tail. The scales are sharp, providing extra defense from predators.

Pangolins can emit a noxious-smelling chemical from glands near the anus, similar to the spray of a skunk. They have short legs, with sharp claws which they use for burrowing into ant and termite mounds and for climbing.

The tongues of pangolins are extremely long, and like those of the giant anteater and the tube-lipped nectar bat, the root of the tongue is not attached to the hyoid bone, but is in the thorax between the sternum and the trachea. Large pangolins can extend their tongues as much as 40 cm (16 in), with a diameter of only about 0.5 cm (1⁄5 in).

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Arctic fox

Arctic foxes live on the land and sea ice within the Arctic Circle. Winter in the Arctic is unlike winter in most parts of the world. From October to February, the sun never rises to shine warmth and light.

Luckily, these small foxes have some useful adaptations for living in the icy Arctic. Their thick fur coat keeps the fox’s body at a toasty 104°F. Their long, fluffy tails act like a blanket, keeping the fox warm when it wraps the tail around its body to sleep.

Their feet also have a layer of thick fur, like built-in snow boots. This helps muffle an arctic fox’s footsteps, making it harder for prey to hear them. And their white coats make it difficult for predators such as wolves, polar bears, and golden eagles to spot them among the ice and snow.

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Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet long and upwards of 200 tons. Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile.In general, blue whale populations migrate between their summer feeding areas near the poles and their winter breeding grounds near the tropics. There is also evidence of year-round residencies, and partial or age/sex-based migration.

Blue whales are filter feeders; their diet consists almost exclusively of krill. They are generally solitary or gather in small groups, and have no well-defined social structure other than mother-calf bonds. The fundamental frequency for blue whale vocalizations ranges from 8 to 25 Hz and the production of vocalizations may vary by region, season, behavior, and time of day. Orcas are their only natural predators.

The blue whale was once abundant in nearly all the Earth's oceans until the end of the 19th century. It was hunted almost to the point of extinction by whalers until the International Whaling Commission banned all blue whale hunting in 1966. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed blue whales as Endangered as of 2018. It continues to face numerous man-made threats such as ship strikes, pollution, ocean noise and climate change.

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It is estimated that the total population of Sumatran tigers in Indonesia is currently only around 400 species which are scattered in the forests of Sumatra and some are scattered in zoos in various regions in Indonesia and throughout the world.

The biggest threat to its conservation is land degradation and habitat destruction which triggers increased conflict with humans. For example in the form of attacks on livestock or conflict with humans directly. Sumatran tigers are also being hunted for their body parts. After that, many tiger body parts were traded illegally as art items or traditional medicinal materials.

The Sumatran tiger is a sub-species of tiger with a small body size. This tiger has the darkest color compared to other tiger sub-species. The black patterns are wide and spaced closely and coincide. This Sumatran tiger subspecies also has more beards and manes than other tiger subspecies.

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The Javan leopard is a subspecies of the leopard which is only found in tropical forests, mountains and conservation areas on the island of Java, Indonesia. The Javan leopard is the identity animal of West Java Province. The Javan leopard is the only remaining big cat on the island of Java. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2021. The population is estimated at 188–571 mature individuals in 22 fragmented subpopulations and a declining population trend. The total remaining habitat is estimated at only 2,267.9 to 3,277.3 km2 (875.6 to 1,265.4 sq mi). With an estimated Javan leopard population of just 200 to 400 animals, every death constitutes a real threat to the survival of the species. The IUCN therefore classifies the Javan leopard as “Critically Endangered”. The natural habitat of this endangered big cat is the Indonesian island of Java – the most populous island in the world. It is estimated that less than 14 percent of Java's primary forest remains intact today. Worryingly, it is precisely this shrinking habitat that the Javan leopards need to survive.

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The dingo (Canis lupus dingo) is an ancient lineage of dog. The dingo is a medium-sized canine that possesses a lean, averaging 44 cm- 63 cm at the shoulder, and weighing 13 kg– 23 kg. Males are usually larger and heavier than females. Hardy body adapted for speed, agility, and stamina. The dingo's three main coat colourations are light ginger or tan, black and tan, or creamy white. The skull is wedge-shaped and appears large in proportion to the body. The dingo is closely related to the New Guinea singing dog.
The dingo is an apex predator contributing to the control of many feral species that threaten Australia’s wildlife and play a very important role within the environment. They are highly adaptable animals being able to survive in most habitats as long as water is available. The dingo was a highly valued companion to the Aboriginal people who used them for warmth at night, hunting companions and even guard dogs.
Dingoes are classified as being a vulnerable group, reports the organization the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. They are considered to be endangered. The vulnerable classification is a result of their dropping population, largely due to breeding with domestic canines. While this interbreeding is common, dingoes are still plentiful in the wilds of Australia and in Asian parts of their geographic scope. It's often difficult to evaluate how many pure specimens are out there, however, as many of the mixed individuals look the same. Breeding with domestic canines isn't the only risk to the continued strength of dingoes in the wild. They are sometimes hunted by humans for their scalps and their skin. Some people in the United States and Australia breed dingoes for the pet trade. Dingoes are thought of as nuisances in some parts of their stomping grounds, and therefore occasionally face regulation methods. All of these factors might contribute to the falling numbers of dingoes out in nature.

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The Javan leopard or is a subspecies of the leopard which is only found in tropical forests, mountains and conservation areas on the island of Java, Indonesia. The Javan leopard is the identity animal of West Java Province. The Javan leopard is the only remaining big cat on the island of Java. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2021. The population is estimated at 188–571 mature individuals in 22 fragmented subpopulations and a declining population trend. The total remaining habitat is estimated at only 2,267.9 to 3,277.3 km2 (875.6 to 1,265.4 sq mi). With an estimated Javan leopard population of just 200 to 400 animals, every death constitutes a real threat to the survival of the species. The IUCN therefore classifies the Javan leopard as “Critically Endangered”. The natural habitat of this endangered big cat is the Indonesian island of Java – the most populous island in the world. It is estimated that less than 14 percent of Java's primary forest remains intact today. Worryingly, it is precisely this shrinking habitat that the Javan leopards need to survive.

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The lesser flamingo is the smallest species of flamingo, though it is a tall and large bird by most standards.The only other Old World species of flamingo, is the much more extensive black on the bill. Size is less helpful unless the species are together, since the sexes of each species also differ in height.
The lesser flamingo may be the most numerous species of flamingo, with a population that (at its peak) probably numbered up to two million individual birds.

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The Javan slow loris is widely distributed on the island of Java, especially in the area of ​​national parks, nature reserves or wildlife reserves. This animal with the Latin name Nycticebus javanicus is found in secondary forests, plantations, and to some extent in primary forests.

The body length of this nocturnal animal is around 28-32 cm, the weight is around 575-750 grams, and the tail is 10-20 cm long. The Javanese slow loris is usually covered in whitish gray hair all over its body. The distinctive feature of the Javanese slow loris is that there is hair around the ears and eyes that are brown in color and form spheres so that they resemble glasses.

As daily food, Javanese slow lorises usually eat wood sap, flower nectar, insects and several types of fruit. The population of the Javan slow loris continues to shrink because it is often hunted and its habitat is getting smaller. In the last 24 years, it is estimated that the population has decreased by 80%.

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the red cat has a dark chestnut coat that is dark and faintly mottled.
With a short and round head with a grayish brown color. In each corner of the eye there are two dark stripes and the back of the head has a dark "M" shaped mark.
The red cat has a long, pointed tail, with a yellowish stripe on the underside and the tip of the tail is pure white.
The red cat is about the same size as a large domestic cat, weighing about 3-4 kg and about 92 cm long.
As an endemic animal, the red cat is only found on the island of Borneo. Lowland and highland forests are important habitat for the red cat
Meanwhile, the Bornean red cat is threatened with extinction due to continued habitat loss and hunting.
Head of the Central Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA) Nur Patria Kurniawan said the Kalimantan red cat is very difficult to find, and so far there have not been many in-depth publications that review this protected wild cat species.

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The koala, one of the world’s most recognizable animals, is now an endangered species.

Officials say the marsupials, which are native only to Australia, have had a change in status due to droughts, floods, wildfires and habitat loss.

Koala numbers have dropped dramatically in recent years, due to climate-driven weather events and rampant land-clearing for agricultural and urban development. Koala populations in Queensland and New South Wales, for example, were recently found to have decreased by 50% or more in the last two decades.

The deadly bush fires in 2019 and 2020 — which scorched millions of acres over several months — further exacerbated the decline. Some 60,000 koalas were "killed, injured or affected in some way" by the fires, according to a report commissioned by the World Wildlife Fund Australia. According to fossil records, Koala species have inhabited parts of Australia for at least 25 million years, a WWF report states. But today, only one species remains — the Phascolarctos cinereus. They are found in the wild in the southeast and eastern sides of Australia — in coastal Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. In 2023 the koala is now extinct in 47 electorates, and the remaining populations of others can be as small as just five to 10 koalas.

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The red panda (Ailurus Fulgens) is one of the endangered species that less than 10,000 individuals. The lenght of the red panda is two feet and lives in the temperate forest. Red pandas live in the Eastern Himalayas in places like China, Nepal, and Bhutan. They spend most of their time in trees. Their semi-retractable claws help them move easily from branch to branch. The red panda is slightly larger than a domestic cat with a bear-like body and thick russet fur. The belly and limbs are black, and there are white markings on the side of the head and above its small eyes. Red pandas are very skillful and acrobatic animals that predominantly stay in trees. Almost 50% of the red panda’s habitat is in the Eastern Himalayas. They use their long, bushy tails for balance and to cover themselves in winter, presumably for warmth. Primarily an herbivore, the name panda is said to come from the Nepali word ‘ponya,’ which means bamboo or plant eating animal.

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Flores eagle - Flores eagle is a type of bird of prey besides the kestrel and owl species of the Accipitridae family and the genus Nisaetus. Unfortunately, the existence of this raptor or bird of prey is almost endangered.The eagle , which has the Latin name Nisaetus Floris or Flores Hawk-eagle, is one of Indonesia's endemic birds, especially in the eastern region. The Flores eagle was previously considered a brontok eagle but Gjershaug et al (2004), showed significant morphological differences between this form and the brontok eagle.The Flores Eagle is classified as a large bird with a body length of around 60 to 79 cm. Head white, sometimes with brown stripes on crown. The upper body is brown-black. Chest and belly white with thin reddish-brown bars.

Brown tail with six dark stripes, and white legs. As with the young Brontok Eagle , there are no significant differences between males and females and young adults in this Flores Eagle.The Flores eagle is one of Indonesia's endemic bird species which can be found in the eastern region, especially on the islands of Flores, Sumbawa and Lombok (on the border of Rinjani National Park) as well as on the two islands of Satonda near Sumbawa and Rinca near Komodo.  Records from Paloe and Komodo have not been verified.The Flores eagle is one of Indonesia's endemic bird species which can be found in the eastern region, especially on the islands of Flores, Sumbawa and Lombok (on the border of Rinjani National Park) as well as on the two islands of Satonda near Sumbawa and Rinca near Komodo. Records from Paloe and Komodo have not been verified.

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Tarsiers ( Tarsius sp )local people often call it a little monkey and some call it tangkas. But there are still many people who do not know these animals. Tarsiers are often hunted because they are mistaken for rats because they have a long tail. Even though tarsiers have an important function in maintaining ecological balance, because they eat insects which are pests for farmers.Quoted from various sources, here are some unique facts about tarsiers, namely tarsiers are endemic to Indonesia, with the most species found in the forests of Sulawesi; The tarsier is the smallest primate with the longest arms and largest eyes relative to body size; Tarsiers are monogamous animals usually living in a tree with their families; Tarsiers are nocturnal animals and look for food from tree to tree by jumping and Tarsier are carnivorous animals that prey on flying insects and small vertebrates.It is estimated that there are 1,800 animals left with the Latin name Tarsius spectrum in a number of forests in North Sulawesi. In fact, in 1998, the number of tarsiers was still around 3,500 tails. Some people are worried about the decline in the tarsier population.

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Giant pandas are identified by their distinctive black and white coloring. Their ears, muzzle, eyes, shoulders and legs are black while the rest of their body is white. Their thick hair keeps them warm in the cool, wet mountain zones. When on all fours, giant pandas average between 60-100 cm (2-3 ft.) tall at the shoulder and between 1-2 m (4-6 ft.) long. They can weigh between 100-115 kg (220-250 lb.), with males being larger than females.

Habitat Loss

Infrastructure development (such as dams, roads, and railways) is increasingly fragmenting and isolating panda populations, preventing pandas from finding new bamboo forests and potential mates. Forest loss also reduces pandas' access to the bamboo they need to survive.

Panda numbers have increased by more than 15% in the last ten years.

One of the interesting evolutionary traits of the panda is their protruding wrist bone that acts like a thumb. This helps the pandas hold bamboo while they munch on it with their strong molar teeth. Bamboo makes up nearly the entire diet of the panda. Due to the low nutritional value of bamboo, pandas need to eat 10-20 kg (20-40 lb.) a day. Occasionally pandas will eat other available food, including small rodents, eggs, fish and other flora. Bamboo provides a good amount of water, but pandas need to supplement this with fresh water daily.
Conservation Status

With only around 2060 pandas living in the wild, the giant panda is considered vulnerable of extinction by the IUCN Red List. Due to the fact that pandas reproduce so infrequently, it is very difficult for their population to recover from such a low point.

One the main reasons that panda populations have declined is habitat destruction. As the human population in China continues to grow, pandas’ habitat gets taken over by development, pushing them into smaller and less livable areas. Habitat destruction also leads to food shortages. Pandas feed on several varieties of bamboo that bloom at different times of the year. If one type of bamboo is destroyed by development, it can leave the pandas with nothing to eat during the time it normally blooms, increasing the risk of starvation.

To combat this issue, the Chinese government has actively worked to restore and protect bamboo habitat, and these measures have shown positive results.

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The Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is a rare species of dolphin endemic to the northern Gulf of California. 

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As the world's smallest and most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita has been classified as critically endangered by the IUCN since 1996. Experts say this endangered dolphin species endemic to the northern part of the Gulf of California may only have about 10 individuals left despite efforts  extensive conservation.  This population decline is largely due to by-catch from the illegal fishing of totoaba using gill nets.

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The red squirrel is officially classified as "near threatened" in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland but is common locally in Scotland. The main culprit behind their decline is the influx of gray squirrels from America. There are three main reasons why gray is a threat, namely:
1. Gray squirrels carry a disease (Parapox virus) that does not appear to affect their health but often kills red squirrels.
2. The gray squirrel is more likely to eat green acorns, so it will destroy the food source before it ripens and the red squirrel can take advantage of it.
3. When red squirrels are suppressed, they will not breed as often.
The other biggest factor in their decline has been forest loss over the last century, but road traffic and predators are also threats.

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Turtles are one of the ancient animals that are still alive today. Scientists predict that sea turtles are the same age as the dinosaurs, and have been around since the Jurassic period (145 - 208 million years ago).

Currently in the world, there are only seven types of sea turtles that still survive

All types of turtles, except for flatback turtles, are included in animals that are protected by both national and international regulations perpetrators of trade (sellers and buyers) of protected animals such as turtles can be sentenced to 5 years in prison and a fine of IDR 100 million. The things that cause turtles to become extinct are the carapace trade, climate change, and poaching. Total population numbers are often unknown because young turtles and males do not reach land and are difficult to count but It is estimated that there are over 800,000 female Lekang turtles worldwide

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•The Wolai Monkey or Black Monkey is a rare animal whose origin is in Sulawesi which must be protected.
•As the name implies, this monkey has black hair all over its body with the exception of some silver hair on the shoulders.
•This Black Monkey is getting rare and even almost extinct. According to IUCN Redist, the Black Monkey is classified in the conservation status of Critically Endangered
•Black Monkeys are social animals, because Black Monkeys live in groups of 5 to 25 individuals or even more.
•Usually, in this group the population of adult female monkeys is greater

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the population of black orchids in the forests of East Kalimantan has decreased drastically. Based on Indonesian Government Regulation number 7 of 1999 dated January 27, 1999, it is explained that the black orchid is a protected plant. But the fact is, it cannot be denied that due to human greed, the black orchid population is decreasing day by day. These orchids are sold freely and some are even sold outside Kalimantan in sacks. This orchid has a high economic value.
This is due to forest fires and conversion of forest use which cause damage to natural habitats.
Coupled with the revocation of these orchids to be cultivated outside their habitat.
As a result, this orchid is threatened with extinction.
Therefore, conservation efforts need to be balanced. It is thought that much more is in the hands of orchid collectors.

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The clearing of forest land in Java in the early 1800s to become plantations disturbed the habitat of the Javanese tiger, which then led to conflict between tigers and humans. Due to the many conflicts between the Javanese tigers and humans, their hunting has become increasingly massive. Until the early 1940s, the population of Javan tigers was estimated to be only 200-300 individuals and continued to decline after that. In the 1950s, it was estimated that there were only 25 Javan tigers left. The International Union for Conservation of Nature officially announced that the last Javan tiger was in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java in 1976. After that the tiger disappeared and was finally declared extinct in the early 1980s. Currently it is occasionally reported to be seen in mountainous forests on the island of Java, however its presence cannot be verified yet.

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Australia has designated the koala as an endangered species across much of its east coast, following a dramatic decline in its population.

This once affluent marsupial has been impacted by land clearing, forest fires, drought, disease and other threats.

Last year, an investigation by the state of New South Wales found that koalas there could be extinct by 2050 unless urgent action was taken.

It is estimated that the wildfires during the 2019-2020 'Black Summer' killed 5,000 koalas and resulted in damage to 24% of habitat in New South Wales alone.

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A species of one-horned rhinoceros that lives in tropical forests, the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) since the colonial era until half a century ago was the most hunted species for its expensive horn. With only around 58 individuals remaining in Ujung Kulon National Park on Java, this species is highly vulnerable to extinction due to natural disasters, hunting, disease and low genetic diversity.

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Quoted from the website of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KemenLHK). Based on the monitoring results of the Komodo dragon population by the Komodo National Park Office and the Komodo Survival Program (KSP), the Komodo dragon has fluctuated over the last five years with a relatively stable trend of 2,400 to 3,000 individuals. The Komodo dragon has been threatened with extinction in recent years because of its increasingly rare species. If according to USA Today, one of the main causes of the extinction of the Komodo dragon is due to global warming. Komodo is also a protected animal. To protect it, a National Park was created with the aim of preserving Komodo dragons. Komodo dragons grow to lengths of up to 3 meters (10 feet), for a weight of around 135 kilograms.

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1.  Pollution and Climate Change
It’s no secret that China’s industrial sector has played an important role in its economy, and much of it culminates at the Yangtze River. The vital river has been experiencing major challenges due to climate change for decades, including flooding, the degradation of aquatic ecosystems and water quality, and drought.
2. Increased Economic Development
Construction projects like hydrological engineering, when poorly planned, can interrupt the natural flow of porpoise ecosystems and degrade or completely destroy entire habitats or drive species out.

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One of the extinct trees is sigillaria, estimated to have disappeared 300 million years ago. Its existence is revealed from the fossilized trees found in the United States, Canada, China, to Zimbabwe.
The reason for the tree's extinction is that it has a short period of life that it will take decades to grow tall.One of the extinct trees is sigillaria, estimated to have disappeared 300 million years ago. Its existence is revealed from the fossilized trees found in the United States, Canada, China, to Zimbabwe.
The reason for the tree's extinction is that it has a short period of life that it will take decades to grow tall.

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Semar bag Having a shape like a bag, Nepenthaceae plants are better known as semar bags. This plant is only found in several areas in West Kalimantan which makes it an endemic plant. With its unique shape, the semar bag has the potential to be a beautiful ornamental plant. On the other hand, the growth of pitcher plants is relatively slow. With the existence of poaching and destruction of native habitat, one of which is caused by forest fires, this has reduced the population of the semar bag and its existence is threatened. According to Lipi, the best way to save the Nepenthes is to carry out ex-situ conservation or outside their natural habitat and perform tissue culture.

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Jalak Bali(Leucopsar rothschildi) is a medium-sized songbird, approximately 25 cm long, from the Sturnidae tribe. The Bali starling is found only in the western forests of Bali Island and is endemic to Indonesia. It is also the only species endemic to Bali and in 1991 was named the faunal emblem of Bali Province. When it was first discovered in 1912, the Jalak Bali was recorded at 900. However, calculations in the 1990s, there were only about 50 left in the wild. Not only poaching, ecosystem damage due to human actions is also one of the factors in the decline of the Jalak Bali population in the wild. The number of Bali Starling populations in the wild is still very small, an inventory in 2008 stated that there were only 30 Bali Starling in the wild at that time. The cause of the rare Bali Starling is because many humans catch it because the price of this bird is quite fantastic. One Jalak Bali currently has a price of up to tens of millions of rupiah, as a result the population continues to decrease until it is endangered. Even in 2008, the population of this bird was said to be only 30 birds left throughout Indonesia. In addition to human activities, the reduction in habitat area due to illegal logging has caused Jalak Bali to experience scarcity.The Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is a medium-sized songbird, approximately 25 cm long, from the Sturnidae tribe. The Jalak Bali is found only in the western forests of Bali Island and is endemic to Indonesia. It is also the only species endemic to Bali and in 1991 was named the faunal emblem of Bali Province. When it was first discovered in 1912, the Jalak Bali was recorded at 900. However, calculations in the 1990s, there were only about 50 left in the wild. Not only poaching, ecosystem damage due to human actions is also one of the factors in the decline of the Jalak Bali population in the wild. The number of Jalak Bali populations in the wild is still very small, an inventory in 2008 stated that there were only 30 Jalak Bali in the wild at that time. The cause of the rare Jalak Bali is because many humans catch it because the price of this bird is quite fantastic. One Jalak Bali currently has a price of up to tens of millions of rupiah, as a result the population continues to decrease until it is endangered. Even in 2008, the population of this bird was said to be only 30 birds left throughout Indonesia. In addition to human activities, the reduction in habitat area due to illegal logging has caused Jalak Bali to experience scarcity.

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Tasmanian devil or Sarchopilus Harrisi is a mamal that have an aggresive charasteristic.This animal lives on the Continent of Australia and Tasmanian Devil is an endangered animal, the current population of the Tasmanian Devil is 20.000. One of the causes of this mammal's near extinction is a dangerous facial tumor which can spread very quickly to other Tasmanian devils.

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The Javanese eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is a medium-sized eagle species from the Accipitridae family and the genus Nisaetus which is endemic to the island of Java. This species includes animals that are at risk of extinction due to reduced habitat and rampant poaching. It is not known how many are still alive. However, based on a journal published by the Minister of Forestry entitled Strategy and Action Plan for the Conservation of the Javanese Eagle (2013-2022), it is estimated that there are around 200 of them. Meanwhile, based on research conducted by Syartinilia and friends in 2010 using the ALR_50 model extrapolation approach, namely the habitat needs approach, the Javanese eagle shows that the population of this bird ranges from 108-542 pairs with an average value of 325 pairs.The Javanese eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is a medium-sized eagle species from the Accipitridae family and the genus Nisaetus which is endemic to the island of Java. This species includes animals that are at risk of extinction due to reduced habitat and rampant poaching. It is not known how many are still alive. However, based on a journal published by the Minister of Forestry entitled Strategy and Action Plan for the Conservation of the Javanese Eagle (2013-2022), it is estimated that there are around 200 of them. Meanwhile, based on research conducted by Syartinilia and friends in 2010 using the ALR_50 model extrapolation approach, namely the habitat needs approach, the Javanese eagle shows that the population of this bird ranges from 108-542 pairs with an average value of 325 pairs.

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Cendrawasih is a member of the Paradisaeidae family and from the order Passeriformes, birds that vary in size depending on the species. Cenderawasih from the Paradisaeidae family is unique, namely the male bird has long feathers and a pattern of grass that grows on its wings, head and beak.
Currently, the results of the analysis show that the suspicion of birds of paradise is as many as 28 individuals/ha.
The bird of paradise is threatened with extinction because it continues to be hunted. Birds of paradise are hunted because they have beautiful feathers, even though they are only found in Papua.

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Having the Latin name Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume, the palahlar tree is an endemic plant from the island of Nusakambangan. With a height of up to 35 meters, this tree has the potential to produce high-quality, high-value commercial timber. In addition, the palahlar tree is also useful as a medicinal plant, especially the bark and leaves have anti-bacterial properties. Illegal logging is one of the obstacles to the reduced population and distribution of palahlar trees. In order to preserve the palahlar tree, this can be done through seeds and cuttings of seedlings in nature.

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a species of parrot, the Spix's macaw, which has disappeared from the wild for about 20 years, can again be seen in its native land, Brazil. The Spix's macaw, one of the rarest birds in the world, is a small parrot with blue plumage.  Illegal trade, poaching, and destruction of their natural habitat by agriculture and other animals have left their mark and led to the loss of the species in the wild

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Warning Sumatran tiger is one of the endangered animals. The population is predicted to be less than 400 individuals, based on 2004 data. Coming from the Indonesian island of Sumatra, this tiger is considered critically endangered by the Indonesian Association for Nature Conservation. poaching is rampant and causes almost all the deaths of these animals. Tiger parts are widely used in traditional medicine, especially in China, despite overwhelming scientific evidence that they have no medicinal value.

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Mammoth
A small, symmetrical hole mark in the skull indicated that the giant had been pierced by a spear, as were fractures in the leg and shoulder bones. Further analysis revealed that the injuries occurred before the animal's death. Pieces of proboscis bone had also been stripped away, leading experts to speculate that the way to kill the animal was by cutting through the trunk with a sharp instrument. The giant died slowly. To make support for their findings, the researchers also mention the recent discovery of a wolf carcass from a separate location in the Siberian Arctic. An analysis of the bones of a wolf that lived in the same time period as the mammoth. X-rays found marks on one of the wolf's leg bones to be.

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signs of the bird of paradise are almost extinct, that is, they are rarely found in nature except in zoos, the bird of paradise is almost extinct due to poaching of birds of paradise, and also due to development activities that are not environmentally friendly

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The red cat (Pardofelis badia or Catopuma badia), also known as the Kalimantan cat, the Kalimantan red cat, or the Kalimantan rock cat, is a wild cat endemic to the island of Borneo that is less common than other sympatric cat species, based on a lack of historical and recent records. . In 2002, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified this forest species as endangered due to an estimated population decline of more than 20% by 2020 due to habitat loss. As of 2007, the effective population size is estimated to be less than 2,500 adult cats.

The red cat is dependent on forests, and is increasingly threatened by deforestation in the following habitats in Borneo

Kalimantan has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world. While in the mid-1980s forest still covered almost three quarters of the island, in 2005 only 52% of Kalimantan was still forested. Both forests and land make way for human settlement. The illegal trade in wildlife is a widespread practice.

Although Kalimantan has 25 wildlife reserves, only three actually exist, the others are only proposed. All reserves have been encroached on by human settlement and logging. Unfortunately local trappers and animal traders are also aware that foreign zoos and captive facilities will pay US$10,000 or more for live animals.

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The Mahakam dolphin lives in the Mahakam River, East Kalimantan and the Kapuas River, West Kalimantan. This fish is also often called the Indonesian dolphin because its shape is similar to a dolphin. Unfortunately the population of these animals is getting smaller every year. Based on a study conducted by the RASI Conservation Foundation from 1999, the Mahakam dolphin population is estimated to be less than 90 individuals. The cause of the scarcity of this fish is due to human activity which is too noisy, so the Mahakam Pesut fish migrates. However, the purpose of their migration is actually upstream, where this direction is very close to mining activities. There are also many Mahakam dolphins that have died as a result of being entangled in fishing nets and also due to unfriendly fishing methods, namely by electrocution.

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The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata) is an orchid species that grows in the Malay Peninsula, Kalimantan and Sumatra, with habitats living in old trees near rivers in primary forest (high relative humidity). The black orchid is the mascot of the flora of the province of East Kalimantan. The black orchid is one of the rare plants that live in tropical forests. The reason is because many are hunted by collectors, difficult to cultivate and experience scarcity due to poaching to meet domestic needs and also sent abroad.

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Gajah di Afrika terancam punah karena perburuan liar

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African elephants living in forests and savannas are increasingly in danger of extinction. This is based on the latest Red List of the world's most threatened species. The IUCN cites data showing that populations of African savannah elephants found in a wide range of habitats have fallen by at least 60 percent over the last 50 years while numbers of forest elephants - found mostly in Central Africa - have fallen. 86 percent for 31 years. Combined, there are only about 415,000 African elephants left.
"This means that it is only one step away from extinction in the wild," said Oberle.

The new assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) published last Thursday underscores the continuing pressure faced by two species of African elephant, which are now listed as "critically endangered" or "endangered".In the last five years on the black market around Samburu National Park the price of elephant ivory has doubled. This is proven by an international research team. Director of the organization Environmental Investigation Agency, Allan Thornton said the price increase was due to the huge demand from China. "For China's newly rich, ivory jewelery is a status symbol," he added. Poaching is a major problem throughout the African continent. It is estimated that 25,000 elephants were slaughtered by poachers last year.

Even though the ivory trade has been banned since 1989. When the price of ivory fell, poaching had decreased. But ivory prices have skyrocketed again, especially in Asia.Alternating governments and various efforts have been made to suppress various crimes at the border, but it seems that these various programs and strategies have not been able to overcome the various vulnerabilities of the border area. Kayan Mentarang National Park is very important because it is a unitary area of ​​primary forest and old secondary forest which is the largest and still remains in Kalimantan and throughout Southeast Asia.

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The Orang Utan is a protected endangered primate species. It is estimated that the number of individual orangutans in Indonesia and Malaysia in 2004 was 54 thousand individuals, and continues to decrease every year. To distinguish male Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, you can see their cheeks. Sumatran orangutans have large cheek pouches. The Sumatran orangutan is an omnivorous animal, and likes a variety of fruits and insects. The Sumatran orangutan's favorite food is banyan fruit and jackfruit, as well as various insects in their habitat.

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Why is the Vaquita Dolphin Endangered? Vaquita dolphins are frequently caught and drowned in gill nets used by illegal fishing operations in marine protected areas in the Gulf of California, Mexico

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Borneo elephant. Nowdays, there are only a handful of Borneo's endemic elephants left. In Indonesia, it is estimated that there are only 30 to 80 of them left. Of these, 5-20 are thought to be male elephants. This is due to the rampant human activities that cause habitat shrinkage and disturbance. The development of oil palm plantations and industrial timber estates is thought to have further narrowed the elephant's habitat, making it difficult for the animal to find food.

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Most Rhinos live in Africa. Over the last 20 years, number of rhinos have dropped rapidly: there are now fewer than 10,000in the whole world, and the number is still falling. The main threat to rhinos is from poachers, who hunt them for their 'horns', which are in fact made of stiff hair. The horns are sold in the Middle East, where they are used to make dagger handles, amd also in the Far East, where they are used in medicvines and aphrodisiacs.

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Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is one of the endagered species in Mexico, with about 10 individuals remaining.This little porpoise wasn't discovered until 1958 and a little over half a century later, we are on the brink of losing them forever. Vaquita are often caught and drowned in gillnets used by illegal fishing operations in marine protected areas within Mexico's Gulf of California. The population has dropped drastically in the last few years.

The vaquita has a large dark ring around its eyes and dark patches on its lips that form a thin line from the mouth to the pectoral fins. Its top the dorsal surface is dark gray, its sides are pale gray, and its underside the ventral surface is white with long, light gray markings. Newborn vaquita have darker coloration and a wide gray fringe of color that runs from the head to the flukes, passing through the dorsal and pectoral fins. They are most often found close to shore in the Gulf's shallow waters, although they quickly swim away if a boat approaches.