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Created by Jean-Jacques Rosseau (1712-1778). He was a philosopher and also a musician. He believes that all children are born good, but are influenced on society. He believes children are constrained by society and the environment around them. He began the theories timeline and got people looking at chid development. He encouraged education to be based around the child.

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This theory comes from Maria Montessori (1870-1952). She was the first female medical doctor in Italy. She believed each child was an individual with their own unique personalities who need protection from adverse influences during childhood. She believed adults impede on child development. She believed that the role of adults was to observe and support development. She took a child-centered approach to childhood. Today this translates to child development being focused around the child and what they do naturally without adult planning.

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Created by Jean Piaget (1896-1980). He was a biologist who became interested in psychology through studies in his own children. He identified 4 stages of cognitive development: pre-operational, sensory-motor, concrete operational, and formal operational. He focused on HOW a child thinks. Piaget created a base for others to add on to and correct. He got the wheel turning to focus on the way a child develops cognitively and their morals.

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Created by Erik Erikson (1902-1994). He suffered an identity crisis and changed his name, citizenship, and profession. He was heavily influenced by Freud. He focused on the importance of a loving and emotionally stable home life and the influence of society and culture have on a child’s development. These psychosocial theories are less popular than behaviorist theories.

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Created by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970). Studied law, but did not excel in school until he studied psychology at University of Wisconsin. He identified a hierarchy of basic needs which links social, physiological, and emotional needs. He believes that each level needs to be fully met before being able to move to the next level for development. Each level needs to be completed in order to reach self-aculisation. This theory says once a child has reached the top, they are at the potential to learn.

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Created by David Weikart (1931-2003). He was an American psychologist. His practices were based on Piaget’s theories of development. This curriculum was developed for 3-4 year olds to combat the negative effects of poverty. It is based on the belief that children are active learners who learn best from activities planned and executed by themselves. He created a pre-school curriculum and it has a large impact on education still.