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Well done,  reflects an excellent team work.  JK

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Well done,  reflects an excellent team work.  JK

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Very impressive work, all questions answered. Very good. JK

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Very impressive work, all questions answered. Very good. JK

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Monitoring equipment is used across a wide range of industries and trades in order to check for certain conditions.

If an engineer was working in an area which contained potentially harmful odourless gasses then they may be required to use a gas monitor to check for the levels of gas in the atmosphere.

A gas monitor works by constantly checking the levels of various gasses in the atmosphere and comparing them against predefined conditions. If the levels of these gasses fell outside of the predefined condtions then the gas monitor would alarm to indicate that the air was unsafe.

In this example it would be important to have the monitor as close to the person as possible (preferably attached to their clothing) in order to ensure that it is taking readings in the correct area.

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A permit to work is a form of authority which controls a task or group of tasks. Generally speaking, a permit to work will contains details on the task being carried out, the risks associated with the task and the control measures which have been put in place. A permit to work will also usually have various prerequisites which must be completed before the permit is approved and permission to carry out the task is given (for example the completion of a risk assessment and method statement).

The purpose of the permit to work is to ensure that the task being carried out is done so in a controlled and planned manner and in the safest possible way.

In the engineering industry permits are generally issued by a designated person who is responsible for maintaining control of all permits. The permit issuer will ensure that the permit to work has been approved by all necessary parties before signing it over to the person who is responsibly for overseeing or carrying out the task. After the task has been completed, the permit is signed back over to the permit controller.

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According to BS7671 (Requirements for Electrical Installations) the definition of a 'Competent Person' is "someone who possesses sufficient technical knowledge, relevant practical skills and experience for the nature of the electrical work undertaken and is able at all times to prevent danger and, where appropriate, injury to him/herself and others."

In simple terms a competent person is someone who has the skills and experience required to carry out a task safely and without presenting a risk to themselves or other people.

In the electrical industry you are not deemed to be competent to carry out electrical work unless you have all the necessary qualifications (17th Edition, C&G 2394 & 2395 etc.) and have sufficient experience to carry out the task safely.

For example, in the carpentry workshop, if an electrical circuit required testing, it would need to be completed by a qualified electrician who was deemed competent to carry out the work.

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A competent person is "a person who possesses sufficient technical knowledge, relevant practical skills and experience
for the nature of the electrical work undertaken and is able at

all times to prevent danger and, where appropriate, injury to him/herself and others."

Reference
John Elliott, Types of person and the requirements of the Wiring Regulations

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The aim of isolation is to remove all sources of energy from a piece of equipment in order to perform a maintenance task on the piece of equipment safely.

When isolating a source of energy it is common practice to 'lock off' the point of isolation using a lock and key or similar mechanical device to ensure that the supply cannot be inadvertently reinstated.

When multiple isolation's are required on a system the keys for each of the locks are generally kept in a secure location (i.e. a cupboard) which is secured by a further master key. This master key is held by a designated person who is responsible for the overall isolation of the system.

For example, in the carpentry workshop, before starting a maintenance task on a piece of electrical equipment (i.e. cleaning of sawdust from a milling machine) you should ensure that all sources of energy (in this case - electricity) are removed from the piece of equipment by isolating and locking off the electricity wherever necessary.

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A permit to work system is an important method of controlling the management of various tasks carried out on site. A major part of the permit to work system is ensuring that all permits are checked before a new permit is issued to ensure that a one task does not interfere with another. For example, if a control measure on one permit was to isolate the electricity supply to a piece of equipment, and a second permit was applied for to carry out a task which required the same electrical supply to be reinstated, then the second permit should be refused. If there was no permit to work system in place then it would be possible for both tasks to be approved by different people who were not aware of the implications relating to the other task.

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The cost for gloves varies on the type of protection needed for the environment.

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Generally safety gloves are made of polyester or leather. There are different types of protection available for hands

but it depends on the environment it is needed for, for example welding gloves are a much thicker

than normal safety gloves to protect hot objects coming into contact with the skin.

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Potential Hazards if any PPE were not worn/preventative measure

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Potential Hazards if any PPE were not worn/preventative measure

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In any workshop there are lots of things that damage hands,

in a carpentry workshop there's a range of sharp tools and machinery used when working with wood.

These include drills, saws and wood chisels. Handling sharp tools without gloves or other hand protection could cause cuts to the skin.

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Gloves are required to stop hands getting cut when handling sharp objects

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The cost for eye protection varies on the type of glasses/goggles needed for the environment.

The simplest piece of eye protection start at 98p (for electrical laboratory usage)

up to £186 for welding and grinding uses.

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Generally the lenses used for safety goggles are made of shatter resistant plastic which will not shatter in the event of a piece of material impacting the surface. There are different types of protection available for eye protection but it depends on the environment they are required for. For example welding goggles have a lens which is made of a much darker shade than normal glasses to protect against harmful and bright light. Whereas for an engineering workshop a standard set of reinforced plastic goggles comply.

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Potential Hazards if any PPE were not worn/preventative measure

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Potential Hazards if any PPE were not worn/preventative measure

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In any workshop there are lots of things that can affect or even damage the human eye, in a carpentry workshop there's a range of things that can damage the eyes. These can include anything from debris and small particles to gases and vapours.

In the carpentry workshop the things that eye protection will protect you from are things like, potential coolant splashing, dust and small particles are the main risks.

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There are many different types of safety overalls which comply to the different standards above. The typical cost for the level of protection required for the carpentry workshop are:

Category 1: £20-£50

Category 2: £50-£200

Category 3: £100+

http://www.dickiesstore.co.uk/dickies-and-redhawk-overalls

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Ear Defenders are required to protect the internal workings of the human ear from damage.

Noise over 75 decibels can cause damage over time to the ear.

when this damage occurs it is often the death of cells in the ear canal. once caused this damage cannot be repaired.

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Category 1 (Standards EN 342 & EN 343)

EN 342 : Protection Against Cold

EN 343 : Protection Against Foul Weather

Category 2

EN 531 : Protection Against Heat and Flame (for the workers of industry exposed to heat)

EN 533 : Protection Against Heat and Flame (Index of resistance of outside shell)

EN 471 : High Visibility Clothing

Category 3

EN 465 : Protective Clothing Against Liquid Chemicals

EN 466 : Protective Clothing Against Liquid. Chemicals, connections tight with the liquids.

EN 1149 : Antistatic Protective Clothing

http://www.outlandsales.co.uk/article.php/12/protective_clothing_standards

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The typical cost for the different levels of safety boots are as follows:

Classification 1: £25 - £100

Classification 2: £50 - £150

http://www.arco.co.uk/browse/Footwear/Men's%20Safety%20Footwear

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If steel capped boots were not worn in the workshop then personnel may be at risk

of injury as a result of the hazards outlined below.

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Classification 1

Made from leather and other materials, but not all-rubber or all-polymeric types

Classification 2

All-rubber or all-polymer types

EN ISO 20345:2004

Safety footwear must have a 200J toecap as a minimum. Some other properties

(which are not necessary) are as follows:

P = Penetration resistant

A = Antistatic

C = Conductive

http://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/oms/2009/03/om200903app6.pdf

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If steel capped boots were not worn in the workshop then personnel may be at risk

of injury as a result of the hazards outlined below.

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Materials used within ear defenders are:

Themoplastic

Polystyrene

Foam

Rubber

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Potential Hazard if PPE was not worn / preventative measures

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Potential Hazard if PPE was not worn / preventative measures

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Ears drums can become weakened even popped by extreme sounds.

Ears are usually damage by long time exposure to constant load noise rather than one time sounds.

The easiest way to counter this damage is to wear protection when using machinery over long periods of time. while using the machine the constant noise can cause damaging vibrations in the ear drum. Ear Defenders help to minimise/ even cancel the danger.

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Potential Hazard if PPE was not worn / preventative measures

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Potential Hazard if PPE was not worn / preventative measures

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Injury as a result of:

COSHH materials coming into contact with skin.

Burns as a result of radiant heat from machinery coming into contact with skin.

Burns as a result of contact with hot materials (sawdust, wood paritcles, etc.)

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Potential Hazard if PPE was not worn / preventative measures

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Potential Hazard if PPE was not worn / preventative measures

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Crush injury to foot or ankle as a result of falling objects (steel toe caps).

Injury as a result of inadvertently kicking a solid object (steel toe caps).

Penetration as a result of sharp object entering through bottom or side of boot

(mid sole protection).

Risk of ankle injury as a result of uneven walking surfaces (ankle support).

Risks of slips, trips and falls as a result of slippery surfaces (rubber soles).

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states that employers must:

a) Decide what could harm you in your job and the precautions to stop it. This is part of risk assessment.

b) Free of charge, provide you with any equipment and protective clothing you need, and ensure it is properly looked after.

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It is not always possible to remove a hazard entirely in a workplace.

Where it is not possible to remove or isolate the hazard, the last line

of defence to protect people from injury is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

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The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992

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The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992

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states that employers must:

a) Assess the need to provide PPE.

b) Where necessary provide adequate PPE free of charge for use by employees and visitors.

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The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005

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The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005

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states that employers must:

a) Assess the risk to workers health as a result of exposure to

noise is excess of 80dB.

b) Provide suitable hearing protection and hearing protection

zones when the noise is in excess of 85dB.

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Ear Defenders range in price from:

£2.99 to a much as £169, sometimes ranging higher.

The more expensive the ear defenders the better protection it offers.

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Eye protection is required to protect the human eye from any damage or debris that could affect the user. In the carpentry workshop eye protection is a required form of PPE for certain processes.

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Eye Protection (Googles/Safety Glasses)

Hand Protection (Gloves)

Hearing Protection (Ear Defenders)

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Steel Toe Capped Boots

Overalls

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Contact to moving parts

Entanglement in moving parts

Trip Hazards

Sharp objects/materials

Noise

Dust and foreign bodies entering eyes

Dust and foreign bodies entering airway

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Band saws are used within the carpentry workshop to cut and shape wood

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Use of band saw