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In March 1469 he had begun to translate Raoul Le Fèvre’s Recueil des histoires de Troye, which he laid aside and did not finish until September 19, 1471.

In Colonge, where he lived from 1470 to the end of 1472, he learned printing. In the epilogue of Book III of the completed translation, entitled  The Recuyell of the History of Troye, he tells how his “pen became worn, his hand weary, his eye dimmed” with copying the book; so he “practised and learnt” at great personal cost how to print it.

He set up a press in Brugge about 1474, and the Recuyell, the first book printed in English, was published there in 1475. Caxton’s translation from the French of The Game and Playe of the Chesse (in which chess is treated as an allegory of life) was published in 1476.

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1154- ANGLO-Saxon Chronicle, recorded its last entry.

1204 - When King John's ineptness lost the french part of Normancy to the Kinf of France and Norman nobles were forced to look more their English properties.

1337-1453 - The hundred Year War againt France had the effect of branding Frech as the Language of the enemy.

1349-1350 - The Black Death killed about a third of the English poupulation, including a disproportionate number of Latin speaking clergy.

After the plague, The English-speaking labouring and mechant classes grew, the linguistic division between the nobility and the commoners was largely over.

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His translations of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Thomas Mallory’s ‘Le Morte d’Arthur’ were important milestones in English Literature. By mass printing books, Caxton enabled a standardisation of the English language and began a process of literacy to gradually spread across England.

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He was not just a poet, but was a courtier, philosopher, astronomer, etc.

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He was responsible for the spreading and development of Middle English dialect.

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He was responsible for the spreading and development of Middle English dialect.

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The intention of the Prologue is to take the reader into a journey in which every character is described

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The intention of the Prologue is to take the reader into a journey in which every character is described

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Is remembered today for his work "The Canterbury tales"

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Is remembered today for his work "The Canterbury tales"

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It has more than 17 lines and 24 stories.

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The knight. He is a man who loved freedom, chivalry, honour and truth.

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The knight. He is a man who loved freedom, chivalry, honour and truth.

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The Knight who begins the first tale. He narrates a romantic story of a woman and two knights who fall in love with her.

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The tales in "The Canterbury Tales" are contributed by the characters as part of a storytelling game proposed by the Host

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The tales in "The Canterbury Tales" are contributed by the characters as part of a storytelling game proposed by the Host

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The Host, Harry Bailly, suggests that each pilgrim tells two tales on the way to Canterbury one on the way there and one on the return journey. The pilgrim with the best tale will receive a free dinner paid for by the rest of the group.

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John Wycliffe was a highly significant figure in the religious culture of 14th-century England, and his works remained influential for hundreds of years. In a later age he was called the ‘morning star of the Reformation’ by Protestant historians, meaning that his ideas were thought to have laid the foundations of the religious reform which took place in England in the 1530s.

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The pilgrims determine the order of their storytelling. The Knight is chosen to tell the first tale, and the Parson is selected to tell the final tale.

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each pilgrim takes their turn to tell a tale. The tales vary in genre, including romance, morality, comedy

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Some pilgrims do not contribute tales: Not all the pilgrims tell a tale

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There are interruptions, reactions, and responses from other characters. The characters often have discussions, debates, related to the tales

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He is credited with bringing the first printing presses to English and becoming one of the first booksellers in English.

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He was a translator and publisher, exerted an important influence on English literature.

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"Trust wholly in Christ; rely altogether on his sufferings; beware of seeking to be justified in any other way than by his righteousness"- JW

LUTTERWORTH
While serving as a Pastor, he began to express sharp disagreements with certain roman catholic practices.

UNCHALLENGED
The church taught that it had the sole and final authority to interpret what the Bible said. Virtually no commoners and very few priests could read the Bible.

SCRIPTURE
Wycliffe worked tirelessly to translate the Bible to his common language of English.

PREACHER
Wycliffe also boldly taught that salvation comes not from good works or pious behavior, but trough faith in Christ alone.

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In 1384  Wycliffe produced his translation of “The Bible” in vernacular English.
He is widely considered one of the medieval forerunners of the Protestant Reformation.

Wycliffe’s “Bible” was  a landmark
in the English language. Over 1,000 English
words were first recorded in it, most of them Latin-based, often via French.

Some examples are:
barbarian
birthday
canopy
child-bearing
dishonour
cradle
crime
emperor
envy
godly
graven
humanity
glory
injury
justice
mountainous
multitude
oppressor
philistine
pollute
profession
puberty
schism

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He himslef concludes the tales with a retraction, asking for forgiveness for any sins he may have committed in his writing.

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To his proposition that the Bible ought to be the common possession of all Christians was due the fact that it now was made available for common use in the language of the people.

Indeed the national honor seemed to require this, since there were members of the nobility who possessed the Bible in French.

Wyclif set himself to the task. While it is not possible exactly to define the part which he had in the translation—which was on the basis of the Vulgate—there can be no doubt that the inception was due to his initiative, and that the successful carrying out of the project was due to his leadership.

From him comes the translation of the New Testament, which was smoother, clearer, and more readable than the rendering of the Old Testament, which was done by his friend Nicholas of Hereford.