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Quarrying is a much more dangerous process, where they dig down and cut into big chunks of rock, while using explosives to rip out the chunk and transport it elsewhere to divide up into smaller pieces.

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Open-pit mining is where they dig a big hole into the ground to slowly extract resources, this is probably the most known type of mining.

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Solution Mining is a mining process used to recover minerals such as copper and uranium through boreholes drilled into the ground to eventually reach a deposit of said minerals.

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Longwall mining is where they dig a big straight tunnel and mine all of the coal along the way or along the sides of the tunnel.

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Room and Pillar mining is where they break large chunks of rock, while also digging around other areas, pretty much creating rooms underground.

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The largest gold mine in the world is the Nevada Gold Mine, located in America, with 2nd place only having half as much gold production.

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All of the major gold mines in the world

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All of the major gold mines in the world

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A major gold mine in South Africa, which ownes around 100 tonnes of gold.

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The majority of scientists believe that the formation of gold originated from the Big Bang, and the supernova that followed it, along with stars constantly colliding with each other, over the course of millions and billions of years.

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Gold is classified as a transition medal, because they can bond with other elements very easily. This is mostly why you won't find gold in a big solid chunk, rather you would find it fussed with other metals. Gold is also solid at room temperature.

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With Reclamation, they pretty much just replace all of the materials they dug up.

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​Reclamation is the process of environmental effects of surface mining are minimized and mined lands are returned back to normal.

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How is the environment affected by the extraction of gold?

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How is the environment affected by the extraction of gold?

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Extracting gold negatively affects the environment by destroying the ecosystem, depletion of water quality, and loss of major vegetation, (trees, roots, etc).

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How can we reduce the amount of gold we use?

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How can we reduce the amount of gold we use?

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There is really no way to reduce the amount of gold we use other than Jewelry, as all of the other uses are necessary, such as electronics, dentistry, and finances.
Reducing the cost of Jewelry or in someway reducing its value would help lower the demand for it.

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Jewelry
Finances
Technology
Dentistry

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Rukijkanpanich, J. and Pasuk, P., 2018. Maintenance management for transportation process in quarry industry. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 24(2), pp.185-199.
Vancouver |

Espinoza D, Goycoolea M, Moreno E, Newman A. MineLib: a library of open pit mining problems. Annals of operations research. 2013 Jul;206:93-114

Peng, Syd S. Longwall mining. CRC Press, 2019.

Bartlett, R. W. (1998). Solution mining: Leaching and fluid recovery of materials. Psychology Press.
Chicago |

Zhang P, Peterson S, Neilans D, Wade S, McGrady R, Pugh J. Geotechnical risk management to prevent coal outburst in room-and-pillar mining. International journal of mining science and technology. 2016 Jan 1;26(1):9-18.

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The largest reserve of gold in the world is in the New York Federal Reserve Bank.

Their vault is around 100 feet underground and has an estimated 6,200 tonnes of gold, Which is around 500,000 gold bars. For reference, a 1 pound gold bar is worth around 22,000 dollars.

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Kumah, A. (2006). Sustainability and gold mining in the developing world. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(3-4), 315-323.

Da Silva, E. Z., da Silva, A. J., & Fazzio, A. (2001). How do gold nanowires break?. Physical Review Letters, 87(25), 256102.
Chicago |

Cardoso, J.R., Pereira, L.M., Iversen, M.D. and Ramos, A.L., 2014. What is gold standard and what is ground truth?. Dental press journal of orthodontics, 19, pp.27-30.
Vancouver |

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Durand, J. F. "The impact of gold mining on the Witwatersrand on the rivers and karst system of Gauteng and North West Province, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 68 (2012): 24-

Corti, Christopher W., and Richard J. Holliday. "Commercial aspects of gold applications: from materials science to chemical science." Gold Bulletin 37 (2004): 20-26.

Gosselin P, Dubé B. Gold deposits of the world: distribution, geological parameters and gold content. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada; 2005.

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Friend, Cynthia M., and A. Stephen K. Hashmi. "Gold catalysis." Accounts of Chemical Research 47, no. 3 (2014): 729-730.

Urkidi, Leire, and Mariana Walter. "Dimensions of environmental justice in anti-gold mining movements in Latin America." Geoforum 42, no. 6 (2011): 683-695.

Kearney, E.J. and Huffman, J.E., 1999. Full-depth reclamation process. Transportation Research Record, 1684(1), pp.203-209.