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Definition

The desicion making process could be influenced by emotions, as well as our beliefs. One once said. We act by emotions and justify by reason. Emotions makes our judgment vague and that can play against us to belief in false  ideas.

Connection

This page has people giving testimony of their experience with the psychic, regardless of the veracity of these reviews people are excited and still believe in these supernatural abilities without true data other than experiences. Emotions play an important role because people go to a psychic for people to whom they are highly connected. These connections and confirmation bias can trick the mind to believe that what is happening is true.

https://www.psychicsisters.co.uk/testimonials

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Testimonials - Jayne Wallace and the Psychic Sisters, Selfridges, London, Aura Reading, Clairvoyance Reading

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Jayne Wallace and the Psychic Sisters, Psychic Sisters are based within Selfridges, London. It is one of the most prestigious department stores in the world. Jayne Wallace opened her concession in March 2006 and it has flourished ever since.

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The problem is the extraordinary claim put forth by the Flat Earth Society, which says that the Earth is flat, contrary to the widely accepted scientific consensus that the Earth is a spheroid.

The information regarding the Flat Earth Society and its arguments can be found primarily on its website, online forums, and social media platforms. Their main arguments against the spherical Earth model include:

Personal observations - Members of the society often rely on their personal observations, such as the apparent flatness of the horizon, as evidence for a flat Earth. (Perception belief)

Misinterpretation of experiments - They may reference certain experiments, like the Bedford Level Experiment, which they claim supports a flat Earth, although these experiments have been debunked by scientific explanations.

Selective interpretation of historical texts: They sometimes interpret ancient texts and historical accounts in a way that supports their belief in a flat Earth. (Ancient wisdom)

Conspiracy theories: Some members argue that a vast global conspiracy involving governments, space agencies, and scientists perpetuates the Round Earth deception. (agenticity)

The credibility of the Flat Earth Society as a source is highly questionable. Their claims directly contradict scientific evidence and the consensus among experts in various fields, such as astronomy, geodesy, and physics. Scientific observations, such as satellite imagery, photographs of Earth from space, and measurements of Earth's curvature, consistently support the spherical Earth model.

The personal assumptions of Flat Earth Society members include mistrust of scientific institutions, skepticism towards established knowledge, and a desire to belong to a community that shares their unconventional beliefs. Emotionally, they may have a strong attachment to their worldview and find comfort in the simplicity of a flat Earth model. Their biases can include confirmation bias, where they seek evidence that confirms their pre-existing beliefs, ancient wisdom, red herring, every so often confusion between correlation and causation, and distrust of scientific authorities.

Some alternative solutions could be:

Accept the scientific evidence supporting the spherical Earth model.

Promote open dialogue with Flat Earth Society members to better understand their perspectives and address their concerns while presenting scientific evidence.

Encourage critical thinking and scientific literacy to counter misinformation and conspiracy theories.

After considering all alternative solutions and supporting evidence, the best alternative is to accept the scientific evidence supporting the spherical Earth model. The rich empirical data, observations, and experiments conducted over centuries overwhelmingly supports the conclusion that the Earth is a spheroid. Engaging in open dialogue can be beneficial in promoting scientific literacy, but it is essential to prioritize evidence-based reasoning and critical thinking to ensure an informed choice.

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Definition
Humans enjoy, it is in their nature to find patterns, especially
human figures. That makes us see things where there is nothing to see.

Connection

The woman who took this picture believed that the white
figure was something supernatural, a ghost. This affirmation has no fundament,
and she was convinced enough to make it public, so it reached the news. Her
mind trying to find a pattern and associating it with past experiences
regardless of the origin (movies, culture) is probably the reason why she
reached that conclusion without thinking logically of the many possibilities
that can form a white moving figure in the fog by the shore looking to the
water.

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/ghostly-floating-white-figure-uk-29975514

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A woman was going for a walk when she happened to spot an unusual white figure on the British beach in the distance, which she believes could be otherworldly in nature

A woman has been left "absolutely stunned" after she spotted a ghostly white figure floating around while on a visit to the beach.

The woman - who wishes to remain anonymous - was out walking when she spotted a white figure on the beach in the distance which she believes could be otherworldly in nature.

The eerie encounter took place on Thursday evening (May 11) on Cleethorpes beach amidst heavy fog.

The quick-thinking walker managed to snap two photos of the apparition before heading back to her car. She posted the snaps to see what others made of them.

She confirmed that she couldn't make out if the ghostly image contained a person or "something else".

She told Grimsby Live: "I spotted this strange looking white figure floating round on the beach on Thursday evening. I was absolutely stunned so I quickly took a couple of photos and hopped into my car. The gloomy and foggy nature of the evening just made it even stranger."

She urged people In the area to "look out", adding: "I'm not sure if it's a person or something else."

Whether or not the figure was a result of the thick fog or something more sinister, it isn't the first time people have reported ghostly goings-on in Cleethorpes.

According to paranormal sightings reported on PsychicWorld.com, several people have spotted a phantom old man who haunts the site of Wonderland. Some people would report hearing their name being called, but if they saw the ghost, it would disappear when spotted.

Local legend claims the non-threatening spirit is that of a worker who lost his life on the ghost train, and has haunted the site ever since.

There are also ghostly tales about the former Imperial Hotel. The 115-year-old Victorian coach house structure which straddled the corner of Blundell Avenue and Grimsby Road in Cleethorpes has a Dutch gable and legend persists, the former hotel is haunted by the ghost of a Victorian maid.

The story claims a young woman became pregnant and was locked away upstairs to avoid shaming her family. Ghost hunters also claim to have found the spirits of a missing fisherman and a sobbing pregnant woman in the old hotel.

Through the years, publicans and their regulars have reported ghostly goings-on with objects having been mysteriously moved and electrical equipment flicked on and off, and some claim to have felt strange sensations surrounding them.

The building has since been turned into flats.

And back at the beach end of the resort, although The Coliseum on Cleethorpes High Street has changed its name and uses over the years, rumours persist that when it was known as the Baton Rouge, it was also plagued by unexplained incidents, convincing management the place was haunted.

Doors slammed at night, bottles fell off shelves, lights were switched on - and rumours abounded of a ghostly lady who floated up and down.

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The ghostly white figure on UK beach that left woman absolutely gobsmacked

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A woman was going for a walk when she happened to spot an unusual white figure on the British beach in the distance, which she believes could be otherworldly in nature A woman has been left "absolutely stunned" after she spotted a ghostly white figure floating around while on a visit to the beach.

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Definition

It is the use of multiple arguments that might be red herrings or just not connected to confuse or overwhelm with the objective of convincing.

Connection

This website claim to have evidence from science and
philosophy, and their evidence is based on empirical knowledge as well, they keep giving examples of situations without real proof or evidence that proves this idea. It is also evident that they may be believing in this because of perception and observation, they stated "The world looks flat, the bottoms of clouds are flat, the movement of the Sun; these are all examples of your senses telling you that we
do not live on a spherical heliocentric world. " Implying that they rely on their senses which may be enough for them without trying to go further.

https://wiki.tfes.org/Flat_Earth_-_Frequently_Asked_Questions

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Welcome to the Flat Earth Society, and thank you for taking the time to go through this FAQ.

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Definition

An ideology is an inherited set of ideas from a bigger group, ideas that are constructed as a group which eventually one adopt, changing our beliefs and decision process.

Connection

Amish groups have strong values and conduct for their lives, they based their learning and decisions on the previous conceptions and knowledge transmitted from previous generations. Their whole lives are based on their ideology or religion. God provides and stands for their lives, so they keep basic and simple lives, repriming themselves from modernity. A lot of knowledge, medical progress and quality of life is missed and even further irrelevant to them because their religion is more important than everything else. Confirmation bias is also involved because if things go well it is attributed and if they go wrong it is a test, without a reasoning basis.

https://www.discoverlancaster.com/amish/religious-traditions/#:~:text=the%20Pennsylvania%20Amish.-,Their%20belief%20is%20that%20God%20has%20a%20personal%20and%20abiding,helping%20a%20neighbor%20in%20need.

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Faith-based Amish traditions include wearing plain clothing, living in a simple manner and helping a neighbor in need. Church buildings with pews are traded for services in community homes, choirs for solemn hymns without music and professional pastors for community leaders.

Pennsylvania Amish Church

The Amish church service is an act of worship, a preservation of tradition, a renewal of faith, and an affirmation of community. Communities are divided into church districts geographically, which enables services to be held in church members' homes, as opposed to designated church buildings. Services are conducted every other Sunday, with each family in a district hosting neighbors for worship about once a year.

Sunday Services

In order to accommodate religious services of up to 150 people in homes, each church district owns a bench wagon full of backless benches, which are transported from house to house for the three-hour services. The Amish men and women usually sit in separate sections for church itself. Hymns are sung from the Ausbund, a special hymnal used by the Pennsylvania Amish. There are usually three to seven preachers and bishops at a service. These "untrained" clergy preach powerful, emotional messages, often moving about since the congregation may be seated in different rooms of the home. Some ministers present their message in a chanting, sing-song manner, in the Pennsylvania German dialect, with scriptures in High German. Common religious scripture themes include leading a right life in the eyes of the Lord; resurrection; and the idea of "judge not that ye be not judged." Scriptures are followed by brief minister messages, prayer and more song.

Building Community

After the religious service concludes, the rooms are cleared of people and some of the benches are converted into tables so that a light lunch can be served. Due to limited space, men and women eat in shifts, oldest through youngest, and usually in separate rooms. The meal may consist of coffee, bread, "church spread" (a combination of peanut butter and marshmallow), jam, apple butter, red beets, pickles, cheese, and sometimes snitz (dried apple) pie. Social time follows the meal.

Religious Tradition of Song

Well over 400 years old, the Ausbund is one of the most famous and important books to the Pennsylvania Amish. First published in German in 1564 shortly after the Reformation, it is reported to be the oldest Protestant hymnal in continuous use. With hymns added over the years, editions today contain nearly 900 pages. The Ausbund is important for many reasons, but most notably for the religious tradition that it preserves. The core of the book consists of about 50 hymns written mostly by 16th century German Anabaptists, many imprisoned in castle dungeons for their religious beliefs. Therefore, the tone of many hymns is one of great sorrow, loneliness or protest against the world of wickedness.

Amish Singing

Hymns at a religious service are sung in German, with no organ or musical accompaniment, and in unison with no harmonizing. It may take as long as 15 minutes to do three stanzas, and for this reason entire hymns are not always sung. Perhaps the most amazing aspect of Amish singing is the fact that the hymnal contains no musical notation. Melodies have simply been remembered and passed down from generation to generation, most having originated in sacred or secular folk songs and Gregorian chants of the times. Because certain men in the congregation have natural musical talent, they come to learn the melodies over the years and may emerge as song leaders or "vorsingers."

Selection of Amish Ministers

Each district usually has two or three ministers, one deacon, and one bishop, who is typically shared between two districts. The Pennsylvania Amish do not believe in going to a religious college or seminary to become a minister in the church. No one is "brought in" or feels he has been "called" to serve as a preacher. Rather, ministers are chosen by lot from the men in the Amish church district congregation. Deacons are chosen by lot as well, and bishops from among the ministers.

Becoming a minister is not viewed as an honor, but rather as a serious and heavy responsibility. Ministers usually serve for life and receive no salary. In most Amish communities, a young man cannot be baptized into the faith unless he is willing to become a minister, should the lot fall on him some day. It is normally taken for granted that the candidate will be a married man. New ministers are needed when one dies, or when a district becomes too large and must divide.

The actual event of choosing a new minister is considered one of the most emotional and important to be experienced in the Amish religion. An announcement that a new minister will be chosen is usually made at least two weeks prior to the communion service, so everyone has time to pray and meditate. There are not to be discussions among the people as to who they plan to "nominate," nor does anyone indicate his desire to become a minister. Voting is completed by the congregation after the communion service, and those who receive three or more votes are named the candidates. Each candidate selects a hymnal, and the one who finds a slip of paper with a verse written on it tucked inside is deemed the one chosen by God from among the congregation.

Amish Baptism

Amish youth decide if they want to join the church in their late teens and early twenties, and if they choose to be baptized, they submit themselves to the order of the church for the rest of their lives. In doing so, candidates make a confession of faith and agree to comply with the order of the Amish community, or the Ordnung, an unwritten tradition that spells out expected behaviors and regulations. Church members who break the commitment and refuse to repent and confess their sins are excommunicated and "shunned." The Pennsylvania Amish try to persuade the wayward to cooperate with the church, but those who continue to be disobedient must be banned from fellowship in order to maintain the purity of the church. The shunned are prohibited from engaging in any social interaction, cut off from all close friends and associates. Shunning happens infrequently, although it serves as an effective form of social control for the Amish that preserves their spiritual purity.

Amish Weddings

Most Pennsylvania Amish weddings take place after the autumn harvest, from late October through December. Traditionally, they are held Tuesdays and Thursdays, so there is time in between to get ready for and clean up after each. Even so, it can get pretty busy during the "wedding season," with some Amish going to two or three weddings in one day!

An Amish wedding is a particularly joyous occasion, for two baptized members of the church are joining in marriage, continuing the faith and starting a new family together. While parents do not select who their children will marry, approval must be given, and the deacon usually acts as the go-between. At a church service after fall communion, the couples planning to marry are "published," or announced in front of the congregation. But much preparation, mainly by the bride's parents, has already begun, including the early summer planting of several hundred stalks of celery, an important part of any Lancaster Amish wedding feast.

Wedding Service

The wedding service itself, held in the home of the bride's parents, is similar to the regular Sunday church service; however, the focus is on the serious step of marriage, for in the Amish religion, there is no divorce. After the service, the benches are put together to form tables for the wedding meal, which is a feast indeed, including "roast," a mixture of bread filling and chicken, mashed potatoes, cole slaw, apple sauce and creamed celery. Some leafy celery stalks are also put in jars to decorate the table. Among the desserts are pies, doughnuts, fruit and pudding. There are usually several wedding cakes, some made by the women, but often one from a bakery as well, which are usually eaten later in the day. It will take several seatings to feed 200-300 (or more) guests. In the afternoon, the young people have a singing, and soon it is time for those who have stayed through the day to enjoy the evening meal. Hymn-singing again follows the meal, dominated by "faster hymns."

The Newlyweds

After spending the night at the bride's home, the newlyweds awake the next day to begin helping with the clean-up from the day before. The couple will spend upcoming weekends visiting relatives, sometimes stopping at five or six houses between a Friday and Sunday night. Wedding gifts are usually given to them at this time. By the spring, the couple is usually ready to move into a home of their own, and the groom will have begun growing his beard. This is an Amish tradition that signifies a man is married.

Funeral Services

Like all religious groups, The Amish have traditions that they observe upon the death of a family member. And like so many of their religious ceremonies, the Pennsylvania Amish are reminded that their focus should not be so much on this world as on the world yet to come.

Funeral Preparations

Funeral practices of the Lancaster Amish settlement differ somewhat from those in other areas. In Lancaster County, an Amish body is taken to a local funeral director who is familiar with Amish funeral customs. Family members might wash the body before the undertaker arrives. The undertaker embalms the body and typically dresses it in long underwear before placing it in the coffin. Coffins are six sided, with two pieces on hinges that fold down to reveal the body from the chest up, and lined with material made and provided by the Amish. The coffin is then returned to the Amish family. The body is usually dressed in white clothing by family members of the same sex. For men, this means white pants, vest, and shirt; for women a white dress, cape and apron. In many cases, the white cape and apron are the same that were worn on a woman's wedding day.

Sermons & Burial

In the meantime, word goes out about the death to relatives and those in the church district, and an obituary appears in the local newspaper. Prior to the day of the funeral service and burial, usually three days after the death, friends and neighbors come to the home to view the body. This is a somber time, with men and women dressed in black, quietly sitting in one or two rooms. Visitors greet the family members, and then are asked if they would like to see the body. They are taken to the coffin, and the white sheet or cloth is pulled back to reveal the face of the deceased. The undertaker does not use make-up or cosmetics on the face when he embalms the body.

On the day of the funeral, a religious service is held in the home. During the sermons, ministers refrain from eulogizing the deceased; instead, they tend to reference the story of creation. Following the religious service, buggies will process to the cemetery, and because there are so many, a number designating the order is often written in chalk on the side. The coffin is placed in the hearse, a box-like enclosed carriage drawn by a horse. The long line of carriages heading to the cemetery is a solemn, impressive sight. There are about 20 Amish cemeteries in Lancaster County, with gravestones that are fairly uniform stating the name, birth date, death date and age in years, months and days. Older cemeteries may have stones in German, but more modern ones are in English. At the cemetery, the grave has already been dug. There is no singing. Rather, a traditional hymn is read by the minister or bishop until the grave is filled by the pallbearers. The Lord's Prayer is prayed silently. Some of the Amish in attendance will return to the home for a simple meal.

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Amish Beliefs, Religion & Traditions | Discover Lancaster

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Faith-based Amish traditions include wearing plain clothing, living in a simple manner and helping a neighbor in need. Church buildings with pews are traded for services in community homes, choirs for solemn hymns without music and professional pastors for community leaders.

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Definition

Using the argument that because something has a natural origin is better.

Connection

This is a skincare brand whose value proposal is natural and
high quality, implying as well that they believe in the power of nature, this is utilizing the argument that nature is better and they don't give proof of this. When the data nowadays says that nature can not stand the quality of some chemicals for the skin and can even generate allergic reactions.

https://wildcraftcare.ca/pages/about-us

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Founding Story

Laura Whitaker grew up in rural Ontario surrounded by Earth's luxuries-jumping in the lake across the road, camping and canoeing through Algonquin Park, seasonally canning and preserving fruits and veggies with her mom.

After moving to Toronto and joining the hustle and stress of big city life, she began seeing how easy it was to feel apart from nature and how hard it was to connect with it. Laura believed in nature's ability to positively impact the mind and body, but kept finding nature's offerings repackaged and premium-ized to be out of reach for the average person.

Looking for an alternative path forward, she put these concepts into action and began experimenting with making and using handmade, natural skincare. Wildcraft was founded in 2014 to bring the powerful effects of nature to the everyday routine.

"Our products don't simply exist to give you a radiant glow-every Wildcraft product is a daily invitation to connect with nature, and with yourself. My hope is that every time you use a Wildcraft product, you're creating a moment of simple luxury that empowers you to pause, slow down, and enjoy the beauty of taking care of yourself, naturally."

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Laura Whitaker grew up in rural Ontario surrounded by Earth's luxuries-jumping in the lake across the road, camping and canoeing through Algonquin Park, seasonally canning and preserving fruits and veggies with her mom.

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Definition

We tend to remember the ideas that align with our beliefs and forget those that do not agree with us.

Connection

optimism may seem positive sometimes but in fact, it is an argument that fits the red flag of confirmation bias. Regardless of doing it consciously or unconsciously. Optimism is in fact the definition itself applied. When you suppress the bad experience and only allow yourself to remember or find the good stuff in every situation. then that's confirmation bias, because you're only considering the things that you were ready to consider positive from the beginning regardless of the result. It is to detach yourself from reality to superpose your perspective of the situation.

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Definition

It consists of using an authority figure to promote or influence a belief or idea in the receiver.

Connection

There is a strong connection with the appeal to authority fallacy in this picture, using a dentist as an example for those concerned about teeth coloration with cigarettes. I can also see a relation with the red herring red flag because that's avoiding the main issues of cigarettes and using just the coloration as a distraction.

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Post#3 Red Flag : Confusion of Causation and correlation

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Post#3 Red Flag : Confusion of Causation and correlation

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Definition

The fact that two ideas or situations are related or have a correlation doesn't necessarily mean that one is the cause of the other.

Connection

This is a pretty common idea, "basketball helps you grow", It is probably based on the idea that basketball players are tall, in fact, the most successful basketball players are usually tall. And based on that is hard to believe that there are other reasons. Here I also find that people may believe this for simplicity, and the red flag red herring, because it is easy to assume that it works based on the general rule, but the actual reason is harder to understand and that's why we often ignore it. Like muscle growth, GH stimulation, sleep and how practically there are sports that will be better to grow, and the reason why basketball players are tall is that it is an advantage and its easier to succeed if you are taller, making it an exclusive sport that will favour the height in same skill conditions.

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Made by David Avendano, individually.