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1849, Harriet Tubman escapes to Philadelphia

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1849, Harriet Tubman escapes to Philadelphia

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Tubman encountered the Underground Railroad when escaping slavery from Maryland. Soon thereafter she became a ‘conductor’, safely leading family and friends to free northern states.

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Congress passed The Fugitive Slave Act as a part of the Compromise of 1850. The act required that slaves be returned to their owners by law, even if they were in a free state.

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This fictional book by Harriet Beecher Stowe describes the troubles experienced by enslaved people.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed popular sovereignty. This was a bill that allowed the population of Kansas and Nebraska to decide wether or not slavery was okay to have in the territories. This made the northern states mad because they were northern states and wanted slavery.

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Dred Scott was an enslaved African American owned by John Emerson in Missouri. After Emerson died, some confusion came up about Scott's freedom. The case went to the supreme court, which then declared him still a slave. This decision violated the Missouri Compromise and is considered one of the worst verdicts ever produced by the Supreme Court.

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Abraham Lincoln (Republican party presidential candidate) and Stephen Douglas (Democratic party presidential candidate) challenged each other in a series of 7 political debates; the most heated topic was slavery.

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Abolitionist John Brown leads a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people and destroy the institution of slavery.

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Abraham Lincoln, running as a Republican, captured less than 40 percent of the vote but won a majority in the electoral college by dominating in the North and the Pacific Coast to become president.

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1860, South Carolina Secedes from the Union

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1860, South Carolina Secedes from the Union

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South Carolina, on December 20th, 1860, was the first state to secede from the US. Lincoln's victory in the presidential election pushed the southern states to break off from the Union.

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1861, The Confederate States of America is formed

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1861, The Confederate States of America is formed

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The confederate states of America were made by the seven slave states: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. They all strongly agreed on slavery and wanted to own slaves. They didn't agree with northern states and wanted to split off from them to allow slaves all in their territories.