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“If mistrust predominates, children will view the world as unfriendly and unpredictable and will have trouble forming quality relationships.” Pg150 Child e3 by Gabriela Martorell

Trust versus mistrust is this stage from infancy to 18-month-old. At this time a infant is learning that caregivers will provide basic needs love and care and that develops a trust with them. Mistrust is developed when a caregiver is not meeting the basic needs for the child.

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“After all, if you feel that others have your back, you are likely to try new things and thus develop new skills.” Pg 12 Child e3 by Gabriela Martorell

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the stage from 18-month-old to three years old. It is when a child is developing a sense of independence. Learning how to do some things on their own. Shame and doubt come into play when they may do things in the wrong fashion, Correction can feel like shame.

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“Children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority.” Pg 275 Child e3 by Gabriela Martorell

Initiative versus guilt is ages 3 through five years old. This is the time where a child is initiating gameplay and ideas and has to accept a certain level of criticism by peers, and this can feel like guilt.

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“The effort to make sense of the self is part of a healthy process that builds on the achievements of earlier stages—on trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry—and lays the groundwork for coping with the challenges of adult life.” Pg 336 Child e3 by Gabriela Martorell

Industry versus inferiority is ages 6 through 11 years old period it is at the time where a child is developing the sense of success and failure and how to navigate the emotions that come along with that.

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“Within the context of peer groups, children develop skills needed for sociability and intimacy, and they gain a sense of belonging.” Pg 286 Child e3 by Gabriela Martorell

Intimacy versus isolation are ages 18 to 40 years old. During this vast age group, we are learning how to form healthy relationships with people in our life’s parents’, siblings, friends, coworkers, and romantic partners. And how the outcome of those relationships can result in isolation at times.

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“Within the context of peer groups, children develop skills needed for sociability and intimacy, and they gain a sense of belonging.” Pg 286 Child e3 by Gabriela Martorell

Identity versus confusion is the stage of ages 12 to 18. Currently a child is trying to find their identity. They are trying to answer the question of who am I? And that can lead to a lot of confusion at times.

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Generativity versus stagnation are the ages 40 to 65. At this stage one is looking at themselves to see if they have been a generative adult. Have they reached their goals pertaining to work at home etcetera and how not achieving those can lead to one becoming stagnant.

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Integrity versus despair is the stages of life between 65 and death. This is when somebody is looking back at their life and seeing where the balance is. Does their life have a level of integrity that they are proud of, or do they look back in despair that they are ashamed of how their life has turned out period?