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This week, you will prepare a debate on the topic:
“Effort is more important than intelligence.”

Requirements:

Prepare two speeches:

Agree: Support the idea that “Effort is more important than intelligence.”

Disagree: Oppose this idea.

After that, please record your video and upload it to Padlet for the teacher.

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Các con cần đọc hoặc nghe sách audio Meno, sau đó trả lời các câu hỏi sau:

What are the questions?

What are the characteristics of his questions?

Why does Socrates ask those questions?

Link sách audio: https://youtu.be/bhn7-2ITK1k?si=nmv_kq1Y5_FuVQys

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There are 13 different speaking styles. Please watch them all and take notes about each style (how you feel about it and what's special about it), including choosing 2-3 styles you like best and want to practice so that the teacher can practice each of you according to the style you choose.

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There are 13 different speaking styles. Please watch them all and take notes about each style (how you feel about it and what's special about it), including choosing 2-3 styles you like best and want to practice so that the teacher can practice each of you according to the style you choose.

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Charlie Chaplin:

https://youtu.be/J7GY1Xg6X20?si=4dG4Zt9qIPT5PGNM

Doctor Who:

https://youtu.be/BJP9o4BEziI?si=WBoso5Ymss8aKzHA

Hank Green:

https://youtu.be/-a739VjqdSI?si=zwGhy7xP-_XkrEmB

Obama:

https://youtu.be/ueMNqdB1QIE?si=fa0bm6jSH44f2sVb

Prince Ea:

https://youtu.be/dqTTojTija8?si=vFmkIUXis3xUudwi

Trevor Noah:

https://youtu.be/QhMO5SSmiaA?si=xKp6jqaCwMEqMvyq

Robin Williams:

https://youtu.be/nFJexvoAblo?si=Ceo5qh9uUAmYOohE

Vinh Giang:

https://youtube.com/shorts/9qG9L3T7rhM?si=bfSegZ5zglnidr5j

Simon Sinek:

https://youtu.be/VOXrpW-rotE?si=Qjz9YRvm1vXlSCL3

Emma Watson:

https://youtu.be/nIwU-9ZTTJc?si=LVMerL0-aE-jdkJw

Taylor swift:

https://youtu.be/wjSER73EAcU?si=OYbl-uvoAd5J4d5Y

Sawmise Gangee:

https://youtu.be/k6C8SX0mWP0?si=yvdH9kW29y6ix69Y

Martin Luther King:

https://youtu.be/I47Y6VHc3Ms?si=b17H4fVKx7rSVIHJ

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Please prepare and answer the following four questions:

1. The definition of Happiness.

2. The types of Happiness that you know.

3. The advantages and disadvantages of Happiness.

4. Provide specific examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages mentioned above.

Note: Your answers should be clear and well-explained, with specific evidence to help you get ready for the debate in the next class.

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Please explore in greater depth the political system you have chosen and make sure you understand it thoroughly so that you can present it with confidence.
Continue your research and prepare well-developed ideas, arguments, and examples to deliver a debate speech of approximately 4 minutes.

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Below is each person and their respective homeworks. Each pair will have similar questions so that you can learn from each others's efforts and improve your own perspective. If you like someone else's questions better, you can also choose to answer it instead of your own.

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Below is each person and their respective homeworks. Each pair will have similar questions so that you can learn from each others's efforts and improve your own perspective. If you like someone else's questions better, you can also choose to answer it instead of your own.

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1. Nguyễn Phạm Ngân Trang: Doremon have gadgets that could either replicate the Cybertronian Cube itself or even provide more energy and do more than things than the Cube itself. What if the Transformers' sides can receive a Cube each from Doremon's gadgets? Would they be happy and no longer have a reason to fight each other?  Or would the Deception try harder to obtain Doremon's magical bag? Transformers also have the ability to scan and replicate any tech, can they do so to Doremon's bag? If then, what would happen when every Transformers manage to get their hands on a Doremon's magical bag and all its gadgets? Would Doremon's bag lose its value because everyone have one, or would it turn the scale of the war to become more destructive on a universal or even multiversal scale?

4. Nguyễn Phương Nguyên: What if, Doremon's gadgets could be used to change the outcome of the fight that happened in Avatar? Would it have caused less bloodshed? Or would the humans in Avatar try more devious schemes to try to take over Doremon's gadgets and cause worse aftermaths? Are Doremon's gadgets too dangerous and shouldn't exist?

2. Trần Nhật Nam: What if, Doremon's gadgets could be used to change the outcome of the fight that happened in Avatar? Would it have caused less bloodshed? Or would the humans in Avatar try more devious schemes to try to take over Doremon's gadgets and cause worse aftermaths? Are Doremon's gadgets too dangerous and shouldn't exist?

3. Trần Thị Vy Anh: In Inside Out, the people themselves couldn't communicate with the Emotions themselves. Each Emotions group live in their own host's metaphysical emotional mental world. What if everyone in Doremon suddenly could perceive the Emotions in each other? Would they be afraid and panic, realizing there are these little colorful things that stay in the control room of their mind? Or would they still feel like it's normal? Is it normal to be able to see the manifestations of another's emotions, and is it normal to be able to see our own manifestation of emotions? Then is the Emotions creature in Inside Out already inherently existed in any universe with emotions?

5. Trần Trí Việt: Doremon have gadgets that could either replicate the Cybertronian Cube itself or even provide more energy and do more than things than the Cube itself. What if the Transformers' sides can receive a Cube each from Doremon's gadgets? Would they be happy and no longer have a reason to fight each other?  Or would the Deception try harder to obtain Doremon's magical bag? Transformers also have the ability to scan and replicate any tech, can they do so to Doremon's bag? If then, what would happen when every Transformers manage to get their hands on a Doremon's magical bag and all its gadgets? Would Doremon's bag lose its value because everyone have one, or would it turn the scale of the war to become more destructive on a universal or even multiversal scale?

6. Ngô Khánh Lan: In Inside Out, the people themselves couldn't communicate with the Emotions themselves. Each Emotions group live in their own host's metaphysical emotional mental world. What if everyone in Doremon suddenly could perceive the Emotions in each other? Would they be afraid and panic, realizing there are these little colorful things that stay in the control room of their mind? Or would they still feel like it's normal? Is it normal to be able to see the manifestations of another's emotions, and is it normal to be able to see our own manifestation of emotions? Then is the Emotions creature in Inside Out already inherently existed in any universe with emotions?

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The homework is on the last slide, and the framework is on the 5th page. Try to write around 5-7 sentences at least to cover all the 4 aspects (non-living, living, physical, and metaphysical) of whatever world you guys choose to write about.

*For those who missed the first class, please check out the slides and if you don't understand something, try to google translate it or note down and ask me next class.

Deadlines: 12:00, Sat 9th Aug 2025

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In Doraemon, the living beings are humans (like Nobita, Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo) and robot (like Doraemon and Doraemi. Doraemon, being a robot that can displays emotions, decision-making, and reasoning.

The comic Doraemon is rich with future gadgets, machines, and technologies, most notably stored in Doraemon’s pocket. There are variety of gadgets like the "Anywhere Door" or "Time Machine".
The story plot is set in modern Tokyo, Nobita's home, school, and neighborhood. The physical world includes classrooms, Nobita's room and playgrounds
Doraemon's gadgets often act as metaphysical tools, allowing characters to confront alternate versions of themselves or question their identity and choices across different timelines or realities.

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In movie "Avatar", Pandora' world show us many interesting things about living and non-living things in physical and metaphysical. First, in physically, the living thing're Na’vi people, animals, and plants. They move, eat, and live in the forest.

Non-living things include rocks, river, and mountains. They're a part of the natural world but can't do activity like people. Next is metaphysically, one of them is Eywa, a spiritual force that connects all life on Pandora. We can't see it but the Na’vi people believe it's alive. Non-living metaphysical thing include belief and memorie shared by the people through a tree of souls. This world show us how everything can be a part of a big, spiritual connection.

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In the movie 'transformer 1', the physical living things are human(Sam, mikaela, the U.S government, the military) and the robo(autobot, decepticon). the physical non living things are: the buildings, weapons, they are technology but they don't have feeling like the robot. The non living metaphysical are the allspark cube and energon. The allspark cube is a technological cube which is the cube that gives live to machines, and turn them into robot that has feelings like humans. Energon is a primitive energy that every robot need, it like the soul of the robot. The living metaphysical are the consciousness of the robot. Every robot has his/her own feeling, memories, personality

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In "Inside out 2", it contains living and non-living things, physical and metaphysical. For living things, in this movie, the physical living things are Riley - a teen girl, her friends, her family, ... For physical non-living things, it may contain natural phenomena such as the weather; school, buildings, etc. Next, for metaphysical living thing, movie include emotion like fear, joy, disgusting, anger, etc., inside Riley and also include many relational (family, friends). The metaphysical non-living things are the existential forces, which is life.

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In Doraemon, a cartoon contains living thing and non- living things. Like: Nobita, Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo) also, robots like: Doraemon and Doraemi. It follows the adventures of a robot cat named Doraemon, who travel backs in time by a time machine from the 22nd century to help a young boy named Nobi Nobita. Being a very smart robot, Doraemon can display emotions, decision making, and many more abilities. Also, Doraemon is equipped with futuristic gadgets that he pulls from his fourth- dimensional pocket, like: " The anywhere door" that can allowed us to go anywhere that we want. Or "bamboo dragonfly", a thing that can help you fly if you wear it. And the story plot is set in the very modern Tokyo, Nobita's home and his friends. Doraemon garget are all by the metaphysical tools, make characters has a different look about the timelines. And the classroom, playground, or his house is the Physical world. So Doraemon has led to the very numerous adaptations, status as a culture icon in Japan.

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If Doraemon’s gadgets were introduced into the world of Avatar, they could have changed the outcome of the conflict—either reducing blood or worsening the situation further. Advanced tools like the Anywhere Door or Translator Bread might have enabled peaceful communication and cooperation between humans and the Navi, potentially preventing war and fostering mutual understanding. However, given the exploitative nature of the human forces in Avatar, it’s likely they would have tried to seize the gadgets for their own gain. This could have led to even more bad consequences. While Doraemon’s gadgets are meant to help and teach in his own universe, in the wrong hands they could become powerful tools of control and chaos.

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If Doraemon's gadgets were used in Avatar's world, the result will be very different. The Navi will use gadgets like the "Anywhere Door" to escape and move quicker, it also avoiding danger. It help reducing time and decrease the number of people who get hurt or killed. However, if the Navi people find these powerful tools, they will steal them. They can use them for bad purposes, such as controlling others or taking over Pandora planet faster. So Doraemon’s gadgets are too dangerous, it can make war and should't be used exist.

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The Autobots can replicate the technology, but they can only reproduce the vehicles, so they can only copy the time machine, the underground car, and so on. Therefore, only a few of the gadgets lose their value. Because only the time machine is important, it can let the users go to the future to know what will happen, and then they can avoid it, so if the Autobots don't abuse it, there won't be any wars. If each transformer got an Allspark cube, there would be a bigger war. The Decepticons have achieved their first goal ,but their main goal is to find a planet to live on, and the Earth is perfect . But the Autobots will protect the Earth, now each transformers has his/her own cube so they can build their own army.

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I think they would be normal. Cause obviously, they're kids so what they think appears on their faces, they can't control their feelings and just peel it out. In real life, it’s not normal to see the manifestation of others and our own emotions. What we usually perceive are expressions and behaviors that signal someone’s emotions: facial expressions, tone of voice, posture, body language, etc. However, in Inside Out, emotions are personified as characters. In that sense: seeing others’ emotions as manifestations would mean perceiving their inner emotional world directly, rather than just reading outward signals. That isn’t normal for real life, but it’s a powerful storytelling device. So while not literal, it is normal to experience emotions as if they were separate presences within us.

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Please watch the 13 videos I’ve shared on Padlet.

After that, give your comments on:

1. The speaker’s presentation style (for example: speaking fast and continuously, or with a clear rhythm).

2. The number of arguments they use.

3. How they combine arguments with examples to make their reasoning more convincing.

Charlie Chaplin:

https://youtu.be/J7GY1Xg6X20?si=4dG4Zt9qIPT5PGNM

Doctor Who:

https://youtu.be/BJP9o4BEziI?si=WBoso5Ymss8aKzHA

Hank Green:

https://youtu.be/-a739VjqdSI?si=zwGhy7xP-_XkrEmB

Obama:

https://youtu.be/ueMNqdB1QIE?si=fa0bm6jSH44f2sVb

Prince Ea:

https://youtu.be/dqTTojTija8?si=vFmkIUXis3xUudwi

Trevor Noah:

https://youtu.be/QhMO5SSmiaA?si=xKp6jqaCwMEqMvyq

Robin Williams:

https://youtu.be/nFJexvoAblo?si=Ceo5qh9uUAmYOohE

Vinh Giang:

https://youtube.com/shorts/9qG9L3T7rhM?si=bfSegZ5zglnidr5j

Simon Sinek:

https://youtu.be/VOXrpW-rotE?si=Qjz9YRvm1vXlSCL3

Emma Watson:

https://youtu.be/nIwU-9ZTTJc?si=LVMerL0-aE-jdkJw

Taylor swift:

https://youtu.be/wjSER73EAcU?si=OYbl-uvoAd5J4d5Y

Sawmise Gangee:

https://youtu.be/k6C8SX0mWP0?si=yvdH9kW29y6ix69Y

Martin Luther King:

https://youtu.be/I47Y6VHc3Ms?si=b17H4fVKx7rSVIHJ

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Charlie Chaplin: At first, he spoke calmly, but he spoke more and more aggressively in the last

Doctor Who: He sometimes speaks calmly, but sometimes he speaks aggressively

Hank Green: He speaks a little bit fast, and his voice is calm

Obama: In the first, he speaks calmly and slowly, but in the middle, he speaks more loudly, and in the last, he speaks calmly and slowly again

Prince Ea: At first, he speaks calmly and slowly, but in the in the last, he speaks very fast, but his voice doesn’t change

Trevor Noah: He can change his voice to fit with his part. When he becomes the Indian, his voice is low, but when he becomes the Briton, his voice is high.

Robin Williams : his voice is low and he speaks slowly

Vinh Giang: he speaks fast and his voice is low

Simon sinew : he sometimes speak fast but sometimes he speak slowly

Taylor swift: her voice is low and she speaks slowly sometimes she stops

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Prince Ea speaks clearly and with emotion. He uses a strong rhythm—sometimes fast to show passion. He uses eye contact, gestures to keep it engaging. His tone is serious but also inspiring.

He makes strong points that are:

-Schools kill creativity

-Students aren’t taught how to think

-School doesn’t prepare kids for real life

-The system is unfair and outdated

-It causes stress and mental health issues

Prince Ea supports his ideas with:

-Real-life examples and stories

-Metaphors (like comparing school to a factory)

-Emotional visuals and music

-Questions that make the viewer think

-Ideas for better education

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Taylor Swift: she uses storytelling and emotion to share relatable messages about love, reasoning with her audience.

Hank green: he explores curiosity and empathy, focusing on understanding the world an other. He uses humor to address anxiety.

Obama: calm, measured tone and strong emphasis on rhetoric.

Prince EA: is engaging and thought provoking speaking style that blends motivational themes with social commentary

Vinh Giang: his speaking is dynamic and engaging.

Simon Sinew: Sometimes fast and slowly, changing times

Robin William: His voice is low and he speak slowly

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Charlie Chaplin: first, he spoke softly and a little bit fast, and at the end, his speed faster and his voice also higher, and it make me feels like he was aggressive.

Doctor Who: At the beginning, his voice was calm and at the normal speed, but later on, his voice is higher, faster and contains a bit of pleading.

Hank Green: His voice was soft and fast and keep that speed until the end of the video.

Obama: His speech was not slow and not fast, it normal and really chill.

Prince Ea: His voice was calm and soft; his speed is getting faster.

Emma Watson: Her voice was soft, calm and slow.

Taylor Swift: She was spoke slowly, softly and in her words contain a lot of elated and proud of herself.

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1. Happiness is an emotional state characterized by feelings of joy, satisfaction, contentment, and fulfillment.

2. Different types of happiness:

Physical Happiness: comes from comfort, relaxation.

Emotional Happiness: comes from relationships, love, kindness, and emotional connections.

Material Happiness: comes from owning or achieving something tangible.

3. Advantages of Happiness:

- Better Physical Health

- Improved Relationships

- Higher Productivity and Creativity

- Emotional Resilience

Disadvantages of Happiness:

- Overconfidence or Carelessness

- Lack of Motivation

- Ignoring Negative Emotions

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-Meaning off happiness: the state of feeling or showing pleasure

-Types of happiness

+Eudaimonic Happiness:Living a meaningful and virtuous life.

+Hedonic Happiness: Achieving pleasure, enjoyment, and comfort

-Advantages of happiness:better physical health (stronger immune system, improved heart health, increased longevity), improved mental well-being(reduced stress, anxiety, and depression, increased resilience)

-Disadvantages of happiness: neglecting dangers, increased risk-taking, unrealistic expectations, and a decline in creativity and critical thinking

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1 Happiness is a positive emotional state when a person feels satisfied, joyful, content, and peaceful with themselves and their life.

2 There're 3 types of happiness

Short-term happiness:
The temporary joy that comes from achieving something or having a pleasant experience

Long-term happiness:
The lasting sense of satisfaction and peace that comes from living according to one’s values and having purpose in life.

Inner happiness:
Happiness that comes from within, not depending much on material things or external circumstances.

3 Advantage

+ Helps relax the mind and reduce stress or anxiety

+ Improves both physical and mental health

+ Builds better social relationships

4 Disadvantage

+ Make people careless and ignore problems they need to solve

+ Some people may hide their true feelings just to look like happy

+ Chasing happiness too much can cause exhaustion or comparison with others

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1. Definition of Happiness

Happiness is a feeling of joy or sastify. It can be a temporary emotion or a long state.

2. Types of Happiness

-Emotional Happiness: Feeling happy in the moment.

-Long term Happiness: Life satisfaction or fufilling a dream.

-Spiritual Happiness: finds happiness in sth like meditation.

-Material Happiness: Joy from owning or experiencing things.

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Happiness

Advantages:

-Improves mental and physical health.

-Strengthens relationships and social connections.

-Increases productivity.

Disadvantages:

-Too much focus on being happy can lead to ignoring problems.

-Some people may use unhealthy ways to feel happy like drugs.

4. Examples

Advantage Example:
A happy student may perform better in school because they have the motivation.

Disadvantage Example:
Someone might avoid dealing with sadness by pretending to be happy, which can lead to emotional problems.

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1.Happiness is a moment that you feel joy or pleasure, talking about our emotional.

2. There are 3 types of happiness:

C

3. The advantages of all these type of happiness are:

Build strong emotional and connection

Quick boost to mod and pleasure

Creates inner peace and clarity

The disavantages are:

Can be hard to acess, may conflict with believes

Depend on other, valuable to conflict.

4. The providing examples are:

Advantages: Students can full- fill after completing challenging project, they will be sastified students.

Disavantage: The students will feeling stressed while working on a meaningful thesis.

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Consider what kind of relationship exists between each of your emotions and the various forms of freedom.

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1 Some types of freedom

Personal freedom: being able to make your own choices.

Social freedom: being accepted and respected by others.

Emotional freedom: being able to feel and express your emotions honestly.

Intellectual freedom: being free to think, question, and form your own opinions.

Political freedom: being able to participate in decisions that affect your community or nation.

2 Relationship between them

_ Happiness: Often increases when you have personal and emotional freedom you feel content when you can live authentically.

_ Sad: Might come from feeling trapped, powerless, or emotionally misunderstood a sign that freedom is missing.

_ Anger: Can arise when freedom is restricted — anger can be a reaction to injustice or oppression.

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Trần Thị Vy Anh - Ideas, arguments of Oligarchy politics before debate

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There are some types of freedoms:

Freedom of Speech: Express opinions without censorship.

Freedom of Religion: Practice any religion or none at all.

Freedom of Assembly: Gather peacefully for protests or meetings.

Freedom of Movement: Travel freely within or outside a country.

Freedom of the Press: Media operates independently of government control.

Freedom of Association: Join groups, unions, or organizations freely.

The relationship between them when:

SAD: People are afraid to speak out. Censorship dominates.

HAPPY: All beliefs coexist peacefully. Faith is freely chosen.

That's all

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Political freedom: Makes me feel confident and respected, because my opinions matter.

Economic freedom: Brings security and motivation, since I can control my future.

Social freedom: Creates happiness and belonging, because I can be myself among others.

Religious freedom: Gives peace and comfort, as I can follow my own beliefs.

Personal freedom: Brings independence and self-worth, since I make my own choices.

Intellectual freedom: Inspires curiosity and creativity, because I can explore new ideas.

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You need to record a 4-minute speech video, trying to imitate the style and intonation of a speaker you like.
You can either:

Choose one of the 18 speeches I sent earlier, or

Pick another speech from a speaker you find interesting.

When practicing, pay attention to how the speaker emphasizes words, pauses between ideas, and expresses emotions naturally.
This exercise will help you improve your fluency and expressiveness in English speaking for future lessons.

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TAylor Swift: She talks in a friendly, conversational tone, using pauses and changes in pace to emphasize important points rather than speaking too fast or in a completely formal way. She makes three or four main arguments ,including that life involves risk and mistakes, one should let go of unnecessary burdens, and cringe moments can be useful for growth. To make these arguments more convincing she mixes them with personal examples about her own experiences like public criticism, mistakes , and pressures she has faced. These stories help the listener see that her ideas are not just theoretical but lived. Also she uses examples relatable to graduates, like expectations and regrets, which allow the audience to feel she understands their situation. This combination of clear argument with real experience gives her speech credibility and emotional force.

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“Today we are launching a campaign called for HeForShe. I am reaching out to you because we need your help. We want to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved. This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN. We want to try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change. And, we don't just want to talk about it. We want to try and make sure that it's tangible. I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six months ago. And, the more I spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for women's rights has too often

become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes. I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn't want to appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings. I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I'm among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even.” - Emma Watson’s speech at the UN.

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THE LINK ABOUT MY HOMEWORK:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PMOxOnii7yl4oW6gRCVlVVuYmfppyi00xBygfkCk47M/edit?usp=sharing

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I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree is a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But 100 years later the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still badly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land. So we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our Republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men—yes, black men as well as white men—would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. . . . We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. . . . The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. . . . We cannot walk alone. And as we walk we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will you be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their adulthood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating “For Whites Only.” We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and the Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. . . .

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"I’d like to thank NYU for making me, technically, on paper at least, a doctor. Not the type of doctor you would want around in case of an emergency—unless your specific emergency was that you desperately needed to hear a song with a catchy hook and an intensely cathartic bridge section. I’m 90% sure the main reason I’m here is because I have a song called 22. And let me just say, I am elated to be here with you today as we celebrate and graduate New York University’s Class of 2022.

Someone read stories to you and taught you to dream and offered up some moral code of right and wrong for you to try and live by. And maybe they didn’t do it perfectly—no one ever can. Maybe they aren’t with us anymore. In that case, I hope you’ll remember them today. Words are supposed to be my thing, but I will never be able to find the words to thank my mom and dad, my brother Austin, for the sacrifices they made every day so I could go from singing in coffee houses to standing up here with you all today, because no words would ever be enough. To all the incredible parents, family members, mentors, teachers, allies, friends, and loved ones here today who have supported these students in their pursuit of educational enrichment—let me say to you now: welcome to New York, it’s been waiting for you.

You and I both learned that you don’t always get all the things in the bag that you selected from the menu in the delivery service that is life. You get what you get. And as I would like to say to you wholeheartedly, you should be very proud of what you’ve done with it. Today, you leave New York University and go out into the world searching for what’s next. And so will I. Please bear in mind that I in no way feel qualified to tell you what to do. You’ve worked and struggled and sacrificed and studied and dreamed your way here today. However, I will give you some life hacks I wish I knew when I was starting out—about navigating life, love, pressure, choices, shame, hope, and friendship.

The first of which is: life can be heavy, especially if you try to carry it all at once. Part of growing up and moving into new chapters of your life is about catch and release. You can’t carry all things—all grudges, all updates on your ex. Decide what is yours to hold and let the rest go. I’d like to say I’m a big advocate for not hiding your enthusiasm for things. Never be ashamed of trying. Effortlessness is a myth. Now you leave the structure and framework of school and chart your own path. Every choice you make leads to the next choice, which leads to the next, and I know it’s hard to know which path to take. But as long as we are fortunate enough to be breathing, we will breathe in, breathe through, breathe deep and breathe out. And I am a doctor now, so I know how breathing works. I hope you know how proud I am to share this day with you. We’re doing this together. So let’s just keep dancing like we’re the class of 22."

# data[].attributes.body
1.

In Meno, they talk about what is virtue, the questions are:

-Is virtue the same for all people (men, women, children, slaves)?

-Is virtue knowledge?

-If it is knowledge, can it therefore be taught?

-How do we learn or come to know anything at all?

2.

-he breaks big ideas into smaller parts.

-he asks for clear definitions.

-he exposes contradictions in people’s beliefs.

-his questions don’t seek simple “yes/no” answers.

3.

-Show that knowledge comes from reasoning and reflection, not just from being told facts.

-Support his belief that learning is a kind of recollection

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are the questions?

- What is virtue?

- Can virtue be taught, or is it acquired in some other way?

- Are all virtues different, or do they share something in common?

2. What are the characteristics of his questions?

Clarifying: He keeps asking for precise definitions instead of vague or multiple examples.

Analytical: He breaks complex ideas into smaller logical parts.

Challenging but polite: He questions Meno’s confidence without insulting him.

Guiding: Instead of giving answers, he leads Meno to think critically and examine his own beliefs.

Comparative and logical: He uses analogies to help Meno understand what kind of answer he’s looking for.

3. Why does Socrates ask those questions?

- To seek the essence of virtue

- To expose false confidence

- To demonstrate his method

# data[].attributes.body
+ The questions:

-“What is virtue?”

-“Can virtue be taught, or does practice acquire it?”

-“Or does it come to us by nature, or in some other way?”

-“Is there one virtue, or are there many

+ characteristics:

-Analytical

-Challenging

+ reasons:

- To seek the true definition of virtue

- To demonstrate the Socratic method

# data[].attributes.body
Socrates asks probing, open-ended questions like:

What is virtue?

Can virtue be taught?

Is virtue the same for all people or different depending on the person?

Challenging: Socrates questions contradictions in the other person’s reasoning.

Recursive: He builds on previous answers to dig deeper, often leading to paradoxes.

To expose ignorance: He believes that admitting what we don’t know is the first step toward wisdom.

To pursue truth: Socrates sees dialogue as a path to uncovering deeper truths, not just winning arguments.

To teach by example: He models how to think rigorously and humbly.

# data[].attributes.body
1. - Can virtue be taught, or is it acquired by practice or by nature?

- What is virtue itself?

- What is its essence?

- How do you search for something when you don’t know what it is?

- If virtue cannot be taught, how is it acquired?

2. - Exploratory: Socrates’ questions are designed to explore and challenge Meno’s assumptions.

- Philosophical: They aim to uncover the nature of virtue, knowledge, and learning.

- Definitional: Socrates is trying to get Meno to define abstract concepts, like virtue, to understand them more clearly.

3. - To define virtue before discussing how it’s acquired or taught.

- He wants Meno to realize that he doesn't truly understand virtue and define it by himself.

- Socrates’ goal is to get Meno to critically think.

# data[].attributes.body
You need to prepare two speeches (one for each side) on the topics:
“Freedom is happiness” and “Freedom isn’t happiness.”
Each speech should include at least 20 sentences with clear arguments, examples, and a well-structured conclusion.

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For: “Freedom Is Happiness”

Ladies and gentlemen, I honestly think that happiness really comes from freedom. It lets us make our own choices, chase our dreams, and live life on our own terms. When we can speak our minds, pick our jobs, and follow what we’re passionate about, that's when we truly feel alive and fulfilled. Happiness isn't something we can just get from others; it's about how we live our own lives. I mean, think about it—can someone who’s always told what to do or silenced ever really find joy? Not really. Freedom allows us to express ourselves, love deeply, and reach those goals that fill us with pride. It gives us dignity and a sense of purpose, and it helps shape our identity.

On top of that, freedom sparks creativity and helps us grow as individuals. When people have the chance to explore and take risks, they innovate, learn, and achieve so much more. Sure, freedom comes with responsibilities, but that’s what adds depth to our happiness. The joy from freedom feels more meaningful because it’s something we earn, not something that's imposed on us. History backs this up—societies that embrace freedom tend to have happier and more satisfied people. So, when we think about happiness, let’s remember—it isn’t found in comfort or control. Instead, it’s all about the ability to live freely, make bold choices, and truly be ourselves. Freedom isn't just a part of happiness; it actually is happiness.

Against: “Freedom Isn’t Happiness”

Freedom's great, but it doesn't automatically mean you'll be happy. In fact, too much freedom can sometimes make things really confusing and even stressful. With endless options, people often feel lost or anxious. Nowadays, we have more freedom than ever, yet loneliness and depression are still common. Why is that? Because real happiness doesn't come from having all the choices in the world; it comes from love, connection, and having a sense of purpose. Sure, freedom opens doors, but it doesn't ensure you'll find peace of mind. You can be completely free and still feel empty inside without any meaning or belonging in your life.

Sometimes, true happiness actually comes from having some boundaries, guidance, and commitment. Think about it: kids feel secure when they're cared for, not when they can do whatever they want. Adults also find joy in their relationships and responsibilities, even if it means giving up some of that freedom. Look at parents who spend their time caring for their kids or volunteers who give their energy to help others—they might not be fully free, but they sure are happy. When freedom lacks direction, it can easily turn chaotic, while happiness rooted in love and purpose tends to stick around. So, when it comes down to it, freedom by itself doesn't equal happiness. Real happiness is about connection, not isolation; it's about meaning, not just having choices; and it's about finding peace, not merely enjoying freedom.

# data[].attributes.body
For "Freedom is happiness":

Ladies and gentlemen, today I stand firmly here to debate that: "Happiness can really come from freedom". For some reasons, I believe this can happen because freedom, it allow us to make own choices, to speak, to love and live without fear. When freedom exists, happiness follow! Freedom is not only brings it with the meaning that: "We are survive", it contain the bigger definition that to live with dignity and joy. It is a responsibility, not only a gift. To be free means to respect the freedom of the others. But to ensure no happiness is to sacrificed for our own. From the voices that cried out for liberty centuries ago, to the movements that continue today, the message is clear: freedom is the foundation upon which happiness is built. True happiness is collective, shared in communities where every person has the chance to flourish. So let us remember: freedom is happiness. And when we defend freedom, we defend the right of every human being to live a life filled with meaning, laughter, and hope."

Against: "Freedom isn't happiness"

We often hear that freedom is happiness. But let us pause and reflect: freedom alone does not guarantee joy. It gives us choices, but choices can bring responsibility and even loneliness. A person may be free yet deeply unhappy free to wander, free to choose, but need to face by the weight of decisions. Freedom opened the door, but happiness did not always can go through to continue it. So let us not mistake freedom for happiness. Without care, without meaning, the soil remains barren. True happiness comes when freedom is joined with compassion, justice, and connection to others.

# data[].attributes.body
-Freedom is happiness:

Freedom is one of the most precious gifts that human beings can ever have. It allows people to make their own choices, to express themselves, and to live freely to their beliefs. Without freedom, life becomes restricted, and our ability to pursue happiness is severely limited. Happiness is not simply about wealth or comfort; it is about having control over our own lives. When we are free, we can decide what career we want to follow, whom we love, and where we want to live.

This sense of autonomy gives us confidence and satisfaction. For example, in democratic countries, people can vote, speak openly, and make personal decisions that often lead to a happier society. Studies have shown that individuals who live in free societies report higher levels of life satisfaction than those who live under oppression. Freedom also allows us to express creativity. Artists, scientists, and innovators work best when they are free to think differently and explore new ideas. Freedom also gives us the chance to learn from mistakes and grow as individuals. When we make our own decisions, we feel responsible and proud of our success. In contrast, if every choice is made for us, we lose motivation and joy. Freedom nurtures love and understanding because it encourages respect for diversity and individual thought. When people feel free, they are less likely to envy others or feel trapped by social pressure. Happiness blooms in an environment where freedom and respect exist together.

Of course, freedom must come with responsibility, but responsible freedom is what makes us truly human. It allows us to be the authors of our own stories and to find meaning in our own ways. Therefore, I firmly believe that freedom is happiness because only when we are free can we truly live, love, and become the best version of ourselves.

-Freedom is not happiness:

Many people believe that freedom guarantees happiness, but this is not always true. In fact, too much freedom can often lead to confusion, loneliness, and anxiety. Happiness comes from stability, relationships, and purpose—not from endless choices. When people have complete freedom, they sometimes feel lost because they don’t know what to choose or how to act. For example, in modern society, young people often face a problem: They can choose any career, any lifestyle, or any partner—yet many still feel unhappy. This shows that freedom alone does not bring peace of mind. True happiness often depends on discipline, guidance, and moral values. Without rules or limits, people can make selfish choices that hurt others. A society with absolute freedom might fall into chaos, where everyone does what they want without caring about others. In such a place, happiness cannot survive because trust and harmony disappear. For instance, if everyone drove however they wanted, without traffic laws, the result would be accidents, not happiness. Freedom without structure is like a river without banks—it floods and destroys instead of nurturing life. Some of the happiest communities in the world, such as those with strong traditions or shared beliefs, do not focus on individual freedom but on collective harmony. People there find happiness in belonging, cooperation, and love—not in personal independence. Moreover, freedom can sometimes lead to selfishness and isolation. When everyone only cares about their own freedom, society becomes divided, and loneliness grows. Happiness requires balance between freedom and responsibility, between self and others. Too much freedom can destroy the very relationships and values that make us happy. Therefore, I believe that freedom isn’t happiness. It is only one small part of a much bigger picture, where love, kindness, and connection matter more than the right to do whatever we please.

# data[].attributes.body
You are asked to find 15 different vocabulary words. For each word, look up 3 different meanings and write one example sentence for each meaning.
This exercise will help you understand how to use vocabulary more flexibly in different contexts and improve your ability to express ideas in your speeches.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Address
M1: To speak to an audience
M2: To deal with a problem
M3: A place where someone lives

2. Issue

M1: A problem or concern
M2: A topic being discussed
M3: To officially give out something

3. Conduct

M1: To carry out an activity
M2: Personal behavior
M3: To lead a musical performance

4. Current

M1: Present or happening now
M2: A flow of water or electricity
M3: A general trend or movement

5. Present

M1: Existing now
M2: To give something formally
M3: A gift

6. Claim

M1: To state something is true
M2: A request for money or benefits
M3: A right to ownership

7. Demand

M1: To ask for something forcefully
M2: The need or desire for something
M3: Something that requires effort

8. Benefit

M1: An advantage
M2: A payment from the government
M3: A fundraising event

9. Consider

M1: To think carefully
M2: To regard something in a particular way
M3: To take something into account

10. Produce

M1: To create or make something
M2: To bring forward or present
M3: Fruits and vegetables (noun)

11. Value

M1: The worth of something
M2: Principles or beliefs
M3: To appreciate something

12. Fine

M1: Good or satisfactory
M2: Very thin or delicate
M3: A payment for breaking a rule

13. Engage

M1: To participate
M2: To attract attention
M3: To hire someone

14. Object

M1: A physical thing
M2: To disagree
M3: The goal or focus of an action

15. Reserve

M1: To book something
M2: To keep something for later
M3: A supply kept for future use

# data[].attributes.body
1. Set

1. To place something somewhere

2. To prepare for something

3. To decide or fix something

2. Charge

1. To ask for money

2. To rush forward quickly

3. To put electricity into a device

3. Record

1. To write down or save information

2. To capture audio or video

3. A best result achieved

4. Address

1. A place where someone lives

2. To speak to a group

3. To deal with a problem

5. Light

1. Not heavy

2. Brightness

3. To make something burn

6. Issue

1. A problem

2. A topic for discussion

3. To give or distribute

7. Present

1. A gift

2. To show or explain something

3. Existing now

8. Match

1. A sports competition

2. Something that fits well

3. A small stick used to start a fire

9. Break

1. To damage or separate

2. A pause or rest

3. To stop following a rule

10. Fine

1. Good or acceptable

2. Thin or delicate

3. Money you pay as punishment

11. Support

1. To help or encourage

2. To hold something up

3. To agree with an idea

12. Handle

1. To deal with something

2. The part you hold

3. To touch or move something

13. Check

1. To examine

2. A bill in a restaurant

3. To stop or control something

14. Order

1. A request for food or items

2. An instruction

3. Arrangement or sequence

15. Change

1. To become different

2. Money you get back after paying

3. To replace something

# data[].attributes.body
1. Run

To move swiftly on foot.

To operate (e.g., a machine or program).

To manage or be in charge of (e.g., a business).

Break

To separate into pieces.

A pause or rest from activity.

An opportunity or stroke of luck (e.g., a big break in acting).

Light

Electromagnetic radiation that makes things visible.

Not heavy.

Pale in color or intensity.

Spring

A season of the year.

To leap or jump suddenly.

A natural source of water.

Bank

A financial institution.

The side of a river.

To rely or depend on something ("bank on it").

Match

A contest or game.

A small stick used to start a fire.

A person or thing that is equal or similar.

Rock

A solid mineral material.

A genre of music.

To move back and forth.

Seal

A marine animal.

To close tightly.

An official stamp or emblem.

Date

A day on the calendar.

A romantic appointment.

A type of fruit.

Bat

A flying mammal.

An implement used in sports like baseball.

To hit or strike.

Point

A sharp end.

A unit of scoring.

A purpose or argument ("What's your point?").

Trip

A journey or excursion.

To stumble or fall.

A psychedelic experience.

Right

Correct or true.

A direction opposite of left.

A legal or moral entitlement.

Change

To make or become different.

Coins as opposed to paper money.

A shift in circumstances.

Face

The front part of the head.

To confront or deal with.

The surface of something (e.g., clock face).

# data[].attributes.body
This week, you will prepare a debate speech on the topic “Freedom makes us happy.”
You can choose either side you want to support: agree or disagree.
Make sure your speech includes:

A clear definition

2–3 main arguments

Examples to support your points

A strong and logical conclusion

# data[].attributes.body
Ladies and gentlemen, today, I stand on the side that freedom does not necessarily make us happy. While freedom sounds positive, it is not always the main cause of happiness. Freedom, in the simplest sense, means having the ability to choose what we do. However, too much freedom can create pressure, confusion, and fear of making the wrong choice. My first argument is that freedom often brings responsibility, and responsibility can be stressful. When people have too many choices, they must also accept the consequences of their decisions. For example, students who are free to choose any career may feel overwhelmed and anxious because one wrong choice could affect their whole future. My second argument is that freedom without guidance can lead to mistakes. Young people, especially teenagers, may not always understand what is best for them. Having complete freedom might lead to unhealthy habits, distractions, or dangerous decisions. Instead of happiness, this kind of freedom creates regret. My third argument is that happiness comes more from stability and connection than from freedom. A person may have a lot of freedom but still feel lonely, unsupported, or insecure. For instance, someone who is free to do anything but lacks love from family or support from friends will not feel happy. Freedom alone cannot replace emotional connections. In conclusion, even though freedom is important, it does not guarantee happiness. Sometimes, what truly makes people happy is guidance, support, structure, and meaningful relationships. Therefore, freedom does not always make us happy. Thank you.

# data[].attributes.body
First, let us define freedom. Freedom is the ability to make choices about our own lives without being forced or controlled by others. It means we can think, speak, act, and pursue what we believe in, as long as we do not harm anyone else.

My first argument is that freedom allows people to follow their passions and interests, which is a major source of happiness. When individuals can choose their career, hobbies, or lifestyle, they feel more fulfilled. For example, students who choose subjects they enjoy are more motivated and confident, while adults who follow work they love usually feel more satisfied and energetic.

My second argument is that freedom encourages personal growth and independence. When we are free to make our own decisions, we learn from our successes and mistakes. This gives us a sense of achievement and control over our lives. For instance, teenagers allowed to manage their schedule or finances develop responsibility and pride, which leads to long-term happiness.

My third argument is that freedom creates a more equal and respectful society. When people have freedom of speech and expression, they feel valued and heard. Countries with higher levels of freedom often report higher levels of life satisfaction because citizens feel safe, respected, and empowered.

In conclusion, freedom makes us happy because it gives us the chance to choose, to grow, and to live as our true selves. A life without freedom is a life without meaning. Therefore, we should protect freedom, not only as a human right but also as the foundation of genuine happiness.

# data[].attributes.body
Please record a short video with the topic:
“Knowledge is power.”

Requirements:

Clearly define the two key terms: knowledge and power

Provide 2–3 supporting arguments

Each argument must include at least one specific example

# data[].attributes.body
1. Light

-Something that makes things visible

-Not heavy

-To set something on fire (to light a candle)

2. Break

-To separate into pieces

-A pause from work

-To violate a rule (break the law)

3. Point

-A dot or sharp tip

-An idea or argument

-To direct attention (to point at something)

4. Match

-A contest or game

-Something that pairs well with something else

-A small stick used to make fire

5. Fair

-Just or reasonable

-Light-colored (fair skin)

-A public event with games and rides

6. Seal

-A marine animal

-Something that closes or locks (a seal on a letter)

-To close something tightly (to seal a bag)

7. Spring

-A season

-A coil that bounces

-To jump upward suddenly

8. Charge

-To ask for payment

-To attack

-To power a device (charge your phone)

9. Right

-Correct

-Direction opposite of left

-A legal or moral entitlement (human rights)

10. Bark

-The sound a dog makes

-The outer covering of a tree

-To speak sharply at someone

11. Cool

-Slightly cold

-Impressive or fashionable

-To reduce temperature (cool the soup)

12. Cell

-A small room (like in a prison)

-Basic unit of life in biology

-A battery (phone cell)

13. File

-A collection of documents

-A tool used to smooth surfaces

-To officially submit something (file a report)

14. Jam

-Fruit spread

-A crowded situation (traffic jam)

-To squeeze or force something into a tight space

15. Wave

-A movement of the hand to greet

-A moving ridge on the surface of water

-A repeated signal or pattern (radio wave)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Freedom of speech
The right to express your opinions openly.

2. Freedom of thought
The ability to think what you want without control.

3. Freedom of religion
The right to choose any religion, or none.

4. Freedom of movement
The ability to travel or live where you choose.

5. Freedom of choice
The power to make decisions about your own life.

6. Freedom of the press
The right for media to report information without censorship.

7. Freedom of assembly
The right to gather in groups or hold meetings peacefully.

8. Freedom to learn
Access to education and the ability to study new things.

9. Economic freedom
The ability to work, start a business, or manage your money as you choose.

10. Personal freedom
Control over your own actions, lifestyle, and daily decisions.

# data[].attributes.body
Freedom is the ability to act, speak, or think without external restraint, encompassing personal autonomy, political liberty, and the right to make choices that shape our lives. It empowers self-expression and identity, allowing individuals to share their thoughts, beliefs, and emotions freely, which fosters a sense of authenticity and happiness. For example, artists, writers, and activists often find fulfillment through freedom of expression. Moreover, freedom enables personal growth and opportunity, as people in free societies can choose their education, career, and lifestyle, leading to greater satisfaction—entrepreneurs in open markets are a prime example of this. Additionally, freedom contributes to dignity and mental well-being by reducing stress and anxiety, as individuals feel respected and in control of their lives; countries with higher civil liberties often report higher levels of life satisfaction. In conclusion, freedom is not just a political ideal but a psychological necessity that allows us to live authentically, pursue our dreams, and feel valued, making it a cornerstone of happiness.

# data[].attributes.body
Good morning everyone. Today I will argue that freedom truly makes us happy.
first freedom increases personal growth and motivation. When people can make their own choices, they feel more in control of their lives, which builds confidence and motivation. This sense of autonomy encourages them to work harder and achieve more. For example, students who are allowed to choose subjects they enjoy often study with greater enthusiasm and produce better results because their learning connects with their personal interests. This shows that freedom directly improves happiness through personal development.second, freedom encourages creativity and meaningful relationships. When individuals are free to express their ideas, they become more creative and innovative, which brings excitement and satisfaction. Freedom also allows people to choose who they want to spend time with, leading to deeper and more genuine friendships. For example, many important inventions—such as smartphones and new technologies—were created in places where people could think freely, and friendships formed by choice tend to be more lasting and meaningful. This demonstrates that freedom supports emotional well-being and human connection.For these reasons, I strongly believe that freedom is a powerful source of happiness.

# data[].attributes.body
Agree speech:

I stand on the side that believes effort is more important than intelligence.

To begin, intelligence is something we are born with. Some people naturally learn quickly or understand concepts easily. But effort—effort is a choice. It is the decision to keep trying, to practice, and to improve even when things get difficult. And that is exactly why it matters more.

My first point is that effort leads to growth, while intelligence without effort leads nowhere. You can be the smartest person in the room, but if you never practice, never review, and never push yourself, your natural talent will not take you very far. Meanwhile, people who try consistently—even if they start slowly—can improve step by step until they surpass those who rely only on being “smart.” Real progress comes from hard work.

Second, effort builds discipline and resilience. These qualities are essential for long-term success. Think of athletes, musicians, scientists, or anyone who has achieved something great. They did not become successful because they were simply born intelligent. They succeeded because they trained, failed, tried again, and refused to give up. Intelligence may help you understand something quickly, but effort helps you overcome challenges and keep moving forward.

Finally, effort is in everyone’s control. Not everyone is born naturally gifted, but everyone has the ability to choose hard work. That makes effort a fairer and more reliable path to achievement. In school, in work, and in life, the people who show up consistently, who study, who ask questions, and who put in the hours often achieve more than those who depend only on talent.

In conclusion, intelligence may give you an early advantage, but it is effort—daily, persistent, determined effort—that truly shapes success. And that is why effort is more important than intelligence.

Thank you.

Disagree speech:

I stand to argue that intelligence is more important than effort.

There is no doubt that effort is valuable, but intelligence is the foundation on which all progress is built. Intelligence determines how quickly we learn, how well we understand, and how effectively we use the time and energy we invest.

My first point is that intelligence increases efficiency. A person with a strong natural ability can understand complex ideas much faster. This means they can achieve more in less time. Meanwhile, someone who works extremely hard but struggles to understand the material may spend hours with little progress. Intelligence allows effort to be used wisely and effectively.

My second point is that some fields require a high level of cognitive ability, not just hard work. Medicine, engineering, computer science, and advanced mathematics demand deep understanding, quick problem-solving, and strong analytical skills. Hard work alone cannot replace the mental ability needed to succeed in these areas. Intelligence opens doors that effort alone cannot unlock.

My third point is that intelligence guides effort. Smart individuals know where to put their energy. They can plan better, think strategically, and make decisions that lead to faster results. Without intelligence, effort can become misdirected, slow, or even wasted. It is not just about working hard—it is about working smart.

In conclusion, while effort is important, intelligence plays a greater role in learning, innovation, and success. Effort may push you forward, but intelligence determines how far and how effectively you can go.
Therefore, intelligence is more important than effort.

# data[].attributes.body
Agree:
Ladies and gentlemen, honorable judges, and fellow debaters, today I stand in support of the motion that effort is more important than intelligence. While intelligence may give someone a head start, it is consistent effort that determines who truly succeeds in life. Intelligence without action is like a car without fuel—it may look promising, but it will never move forward.
First, effort allows individuals to overcome obstacles that intelligence alone cannot. A highly intelligent person may have natural talent, but without dedication, that talent can go unused. Let us consider the example of Thomas Edison. He is often remembered as a genius inventor, but the truth is that he failed thousands of times before successfully creating the lightbulb. Each failure required persistence, resilience, and relentless effort. Intelligence alone would not have brought him success—it was his consistent hard work that turned ideas into reality.
Second, effort is a quality that anyone can develop, whereas intelligence is largely innate. A student who is not naturally gifted in mathematics can, through consistent study, practice, and discipline, outperform classmates who rely solely on their natural abilities. In fact, research in education shows that students who focus on growth, perseverance, and hard work often achieve higher outcomes than those who depend on raw talent. This proves that effort levels the playing field and often surpasses intelligence in determining success.
Third, effort builds character and lifelong skills that intelligence alone cannot guarantee. Working hard teaches discipline, time management, and problem-solving. Even if someone is naturally intelligent, without putting in effort, they may never develop these essential life skills. Think about athletes like Michael Jordan, often considered one of the greatest basketball players of all time. He once said that he has failed over 9,000 shots in his career, lost almost 300 games, and yet continued to practice relentlessly. It was his effort that made him a champion, not just his natural ability.
Furthermore, effort ensures persistence in the face of challenges. Life is full of obstacles that intelligence cannot always solve. Effort allows individuals to adapt, try multiple approaches, and keep moving forward even when immediate results are not visible. Intelligence might help one find shortcuts, but effort ensures the journey continues despite setbacks. Without effort, even the most brilliant ideas often remain unrealized.
In conclusion, intelligence may give an advantage, but it is effort that ultimately determines success. Those who work tirelessly, persevere through failures, and consistently strive to improve will achieve more than those who rely solely on natural talent. Therefore, I firmly believe that effort is more important than intelligence, because it turns potential into reality, builds character, and sustains long-term success.

Disagree:
Respected judges, fellow debaters, and audience members, I stand in opposition to the motion. While effort is undeniably valuable, intelligence is ultimately more important. Intelligence allows individuals to understand, analyze, and solve problems efficiently. Hard work without intelligence may result in wasted time and limited progress.
Firstly, intelligence enables individuals to solve complex problems and innovate. Consider the field of technology: brilliant minds like Alan Turing and Ada Lovelace created groundbreaking advancements that transformed the world. While effort was involved, it was their intelligence—their ability to think critically, conceptualize, and innovate—that made their work truly revolutionary. Without intelligence, effort alone cannot generate solutions that require creativity or deep understanding.
Secondly, intelligence enhances the effectiveness of effort. Working hard is valuable only when it is directed strategically. A person may put in hours of effort, but if they lack understanding or insight, that effort can be wasted. For example, in medicine, a doctor must have the intelligence to diagnose and treat patients effectively. Hours of effort alone cannot replace the knowledge and reasoning that intelligence provides. In this way, intelligence maximizes the returns of effort.
My opponent may argue that effort builds character and resilience, and while I agree, I must emphasize that intelligence also guides the development of these traits efficiently. A smart individual learns from fewer mistakes, adapts quickly, and applies lessons in a more meaningful way. While effort can sometimes compensate for lack of natural ability, it cannot replace the insights, critical thinking, and problem-solving capacity that intelligence provides. In other words, intelligence amplifies effort, but effort cannot fully replace intelligence.
Additionally, intelligence is key in an increasingly complex world. In fields like artificial intelligence, engineering, and scientific research, simply working hard is not enough. Understanding, analysis, and creativity are required to push boundaries and create innovations. For example, inventing a new technology or discovering a scientific breakthrough requires more than persistence—it requires insight and the ability to connect ideas in ways that effort alone cannot achieve.
In conclusion, while effort is important, intelligence is more critical in achieving success and making a meaningful impact. Intelligence enables efficient problem-solving, creative innovation, and effective use of effort. Without intelligence, hard work may lead to results, but they will likely be limited and less impactful. Therefore, I firmly believe that intelligence is more important than effort.

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This week, you will prepare a debate on the topic:

“Technological development does more harm than good.”

Please prepare fully TWO complete speeches:

Affirmative Speech (Agree)

Negative Speech (Disagree)

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Agree

Ladies and gentlemen, honorable judges, and fellow debaters, Technology is often praised as the engine of human progress. However, I firmly stand on the affirmative side of today’s motion: technological development does more harm than good. While technology offers convenience and efficiency, its negative consequences on society, mental health, employment, and the environment far outweigh its benefits.

First, technological development has seriously damaged human relationships and mental well-being. In the digital age, people spend more time staring at screens than interacting face to face. Social media, while designed to connect us, has instead increased loneliness, anxiety, and depression, especially among young people. Many individuals measure their self-worth through likes and online validation, leading to unhealthy comparisons and emotional stress. Instead of bringing people closer, technology often isolates them. Second, technology has caused massive job displacement. Automation and artificial intelligence have replaced millions of workers in factories, offices, and even creative industries. Machines now perform tasks faster and cheaper than humans, leaving many people unemployed or struggling to adapt. Although new jobs are created, they often require advanced skills that many workers do not have access to. As a result, the gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen. Third, technological development poses a serious threat to privacy and security. Personal data is constantly collected, tracked, and sometimes stolen. Cybercrimes such as hacking, identity theft, and online scams are becoming more common and more dangerous. Governments and corporations can monitor individuals’ activities, raising concerns about surveillance and the loss of personal freedom. In this sense, technology has weakened our control over our own lives. Finally, technology has caused severe environmental damage. The production of electronic devices requires rare natural resources and creates toxic waste. Data centers consume enormous amounts of energy, contributing to climate change. Instead of protecting our planet, uncontrolled technological growth is accelerating environmental destruction.

In conclusion, while technology may offer short-term convenience, its long-term effects on mental health, employment, privacy, and the environment are deeply harmful. Therefore, I strongly affirm that technological development does more harm than good.

Disagree

Honorable judges, respected opponents, and ladies and gentlemen, I stand firmly on the negative side of today’s debate. I strongly disagree with the statement that technological development does more harm than good. In reality, technology has significantly improved the quality of human life, driving progress in education, healthcare, communication, and economic growth. First, technological development has revolutionized education and access to knowledge. Today, students can learn anytime and anywhere through online courses, digital libraries, and educational platforms. Technology has broken geographical and financial barriers, allowing millions of people to receive education who otherwise would not have had the opportunity. This empowerment of knowledge leads to a more informed and capable society. Second, technology has brought remarkable advancements in healthcare. Modern medical equipment, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology have saved countless lives. Diseases that were once fatal can now be treated or managed effectively. Telemedicine allows patients in remote areas to consult doctors, improving healthcare access and outcomes. These life-saving benefits cannot be ignored. Third, technology has greatly improved communication and global connection. People can now stay in touch with family, friends, and colleagues across the world instantly. Businesses can collaborate internationally, and cultures can exchange ideas more easily. In times of crisis, technology enables rapid communication and coordination, helping societies respond more effectively.

Moreover, while opponents argue that technology causes job loss, history shows that technology creates more opportunities than it destroys. New industries, careers, and markets emerge as technology evolves. With proper education and training, workers can adapt and benefit from these changes. In conclusion, although technology does present challenges, these issues are manageable through responsible use and regulation. The overwhelming benefits of technological development — improved healthcare, education, communication, and economic growth — clearly outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore, I confidently reject the motion and assert that technological development does more good than harm.

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Affirmative Speech (Agree)

Ladies and gentlemen,

Today, I stand firmly in support of the statement that technological development does more harm than good. While technology is often praised as a symbol of progress, its negative consequences increasingly outweigh its benefits in modern society.

First, technology is damaging human relationships and mental health. In the digital age, people spend more time on screens than interacting face to face. Social media, although designed to connect us, has led to isolation, anxiety, and depression—especially among young people. Studies show that excessive screen time contributes to low self-esteem and social withdrawal. Instead of strengthening human bonds, technology often replaces real communication with shallow online interactions.

Second, technological development has caused job displacement and economic inequality. Automation and artificial intelligence are replacing millions of workers in factories, offices, and even creative industries. While technology creates new jobs, these often require advanced skills that many workers do not have, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. As a result, many people are left unemployed, insecure, and unable to adapt.

Third, technology poses a serious threat to privacy and security. Personal data is constantly collected, stored, and sometimes abused by corporations and governments. Cybercrime, identity theft, and digital surveillance are becoming more common. In exchange for convenience, individuals are losing control over their own personal information.

Finally, technological development has severe environmental consequences. The production of electronic devices leads to pollution, resource depletion, and electronic waste. Data centers consume massive amounts of energy, contributing to climate change.

In conclusion, while technology offers certain conveniences, its overall impact on mental health, employment, privacy, and the environment proves that technological development does more harm than good. True progress should improve human well-being, not undermine it. Thank you.

Negative Speech (Disagree)

Ladies and gentlemen,

I strongly disagree with the statement that technological development does more harm than good. On the contrary, technology has been one of the greatest forces for positive change in human history.

First, technological development has dramatically improved our quality of life. Advances in medicine, such as vaccines, medical imaging, and robotic surgery, have saved millions of lives and increased life expectancy. Diseases that were once fatal are now treatable because of technology.

Second, technology has revolutionized education and access to information. With the internet, knowledge is available to anyone, anywhere. Online learning platforms allow students from remote or disadvantaged areas to receive education that was once inaccessible. This democratization of knowledge empowers individuals and societies to grow.

Third, technology drives economic growth and innovation. While automation may replace some jobs, it also creates new industries and career opportunities. In the past, people feared machines during the Industrial Revolution, yet it ultimately led to higher productivity and better living standards. The same pattern applies today.

Furthermore, technology plays a crucial role in solving global problems. Renewable energy technologies help fight climate change, communication technologies enable disaster response, and artificial intelligence assists in scientific research. Technology itself is not the problem; irresponsible use is.

In conclusion, technological development has brought immense benefits to healthcare, education, economic progress, and global cooperation. When guided ethically and used responsibly, technology improves human life rather than harming it. Therefore, technological development does more good than harm.

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This week, students are asked to prepare a debate on the topic “Global Warming.”

Requirements:

Each student should prepare 1 to 5 policies related to the issue of global warming.

Each policy should be presented clearly, include a brief explanation, and reflect the student’s own viewpoint.

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aff

Ladies and gentlemen, today we live in a world dominated by technology. Every day, new inventions promise convenience, speed, and progress. Yet behind the glittering screens and machines lies a darker reality: technology often causes more harm than good. While it has brought undeniable benefits, the negative consequences are far-reaching and cannot be ignored.

First, technological development has inflicted severe damage on our environment. Factories producing gadgets and devices consume vast amounts of natural resources, while discarded electronics pile up as toxic e-waste. Millions of tons of smartphones, computers, and batteries end up in landfills each year, poisoning soil and water. The very tools meant to improve our lives are destroying the planet we depend on.

Second, technology isolates us socially and harms our mental health. Social media, once hailed as a way to connect people, now fosters loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Instead of meaningful face-to-face conversations, we scroll endlessly through shallow online interactions. Studies show that heavy use of digital platforms correlates with declining happiness and rising stress among young people.

Third, technological progress has displaced countless workers. Automation and artificial intelligence replace human labor, leaving millions unemployed. Factories once filled with workers are now run by robots, and even white-collar jobs are threatened by algorithms. This creates inequality, where a few benefit from innovation while many struggle to survive.

In conclusion, while technology promised progress, it has delivered pollution, isolation, unemployment, and insecurity. It does more harm than good. We must rethink our blind faith in technological development before it destroys the very society it claims to improve.

negative

Honorable judges, respected opponents, and audience members, technology is not our enemy—it is our greatest ally. From curing diseases to connecting people across continents, technological development has transformed human life for the better. Its benefits far outweigh its harms, and with responsible use, it will continue to empower humanity.

First, medical advancements made possible by technology save millions of lives every year. Modern machines enable life-saving surgeries, vaccines protect us from deadly diseases, and artificial intelligence helps doctors detect cancer earlier and more accurately. Without technology, many of these breakthroughs would be impossible, and countless lives would be lost.

Second, technology connects the world in ways once unimaginable. The internet allows instant communication across continents, breaking barriers of geography and culture. Students in remote villages can access global knowledge, while families separated by distance can stay close through video calls. Technology has turned the world into a global community.

Third, technological development drives economic growth and raises living standards. Innovation creates new industries, new jobs, and new opportunities. Renewable energy technologies, for example, not only fight climate change but also generate employment. Far from destroying livelihoods, technology opens doors to prosperity.

Fourth, technology provides solutions to humanity’s greatest challenges. Precision agriculture increases food production sustainably, renewable energy combats climate change, and digital tools help fight poverty. Rather than harming us, technology equips us with the means to solve problems that once seemed insurmountable.

In conclusion, technology is a tool—its impact depends on how we use it. Guided responsibly, it brings more good than harm. It saves lives, connects people, grows economies, and solves global challenges. Instead of fearing technology, we should embrace it as the force that empowers humanity to build a brighter future.

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1. Promote green transport – Support public transit, cycling, and electric vehicles.

2. Limit industrial emissions – Enforce stricter pollution controls on factories and power plants.

3. To effectively combat global warming, governments must prioritize a transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, since fossil fuels remain the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, strict regulations on industrial emissions are essential, ensuring that factories and power plants adopt greener technologies rather than continuing to pollute unchecked. Transportation also needs reform, with policies that promote public transit, cycling, and electric vehicles, supported by subsidies and infrastructure development to make sustainable choices accessible. In addition, large-scale reforestation programs should be implemented to restore forests that act as natural carbon sinks, absorbing harmful carbon dioxide while protecting biodiversity. Finally, energy efficiency in homes and buildings must be encouraged through the use of smart technologies, insulation, and eco-friendly appliances, empowering citizens to directly reduce emissions while saving money. Together, these policies reflect a balanced approach that demands responsibility from governments, industries, and individuals, proving that meaningful action against global warming is both possible and necessary.

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Today, I would like to speak about global warming, one of the most serious challenges facing our planet. Global warming is caused mainly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and excessive consumption. If we do not act now, future generations will suffer from extreme weather, rising sea levels, and food shortages. Therefore, I strongly believe that governments and individuals must take responsibility. I would like to propose five policies to address this issue.

First, governments should transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Fossil fuels like coal and oil release large amounts of carbon dioxide, which traps heat in the atmosphere. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power are clean and sustainable. I believe that investing in renewable energy not only protects the environment but also creates new jobs and long-term economic benefits.

Second, we should introduce stricter regulations on industrial emissions. Many factories and power plants release harmful greenhouse gases without sufficient control. Governments should set clear emission limits and impose heavy penalties on companies that violate environmental laws. In my view, economic growth should never come at the cost of environmental destruction.

Third, governments should promote public transportation and eco-friendly vehicles. Cars running on petrol and diesel are major contributors to air pollution and global warming. By improving public transport systems and encouraging the use of electric vehicles, we can significantly reduce carbon emissions. Personally, I think small daily choices, such as using buses or bicycles, can make a big difference when practiced by millions of people.

Fourth, protecting and expanding forests should be a global priority. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and help regulate the Earth’s temperature. Policies should focus on stopping illegal logging and supporting large-scale tree-planting programs. I strongly believe that protecting forests is one of the simplest and most effective ways to fight global warming.

Finally, governments should educate citizens about climate change. Many people are still unaware of how their actions contribute to global warming. Environmental education in schools and public awareness campaigns can encourage people to save energy, reduce waste, and adopt sustainable lifestyles. In my opinion, long-term change starts with knowledge and awareness.

In conclusion, global warming is not a distant problem—it is happening now. Through renewable energy, stricter regulations, greener transportation, forest protection, and education, we can slow down climate change and protect our planet. I firmly believe that if governments and individuals work together, we can create a healthier and more sustainable future.