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El gato sabe bañarse solo cuando lo necesita.

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Reflexive verbs are used to express performing an action on yourself or by yourself. These verbs are conjugated by adding reflexive pronouns (te,nos,see,me) to the end of the verb. For example, I used a picture of a cat taking a bath, "El gato sabe bañarse solo cuando lo necesita."

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El gato se alegra al ver su comida favorita.

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In Spanish, reflexive verbs are often used with emotions to express a change in one's emotional state. These reflexive verbs are also formed with the same reflexive pronouns as we mentioned in the last post, that being: me, te, se, os, and nos. For example:

Calmarse- To calm down

Asustarse- To get scared

Enamorarse- To fall in love

Aburrirse- To get bored

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Por is expressing cause, motive, or duration, whilst Para is used for expressing purpose, destination, or a deadline. What does this mean exactly? Well, let's say you want to thank someone for helping you, you'd say "Gracias por tu ayuda." In this context, por is used to indicate the reason/motive for giving your thanks. An example for Para would be you expressing the purpose of a purchase, if you bought books for your sister, you'd say " Compré estos libros para mi hermana." (I bought these books for my sister). Para is used here because you're denoting the purpose of this purchase!

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Anoche, el gato encontró un lugar cálido para dormir.

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The preterit tense describes completed actions that happened in the past (like past-tense verbs). The verb in my image is "encontrar", and conjugated for the preterit sense, it is "encontro". The example I provided translates to "Last night, the cat found a warm place to sleep."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4SiKCStHuU&ab_channel=LingoLearner

The video I provided above explains it much better than I can!

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Vi a Puss in Boots en la pantalla grande.

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In the common sense, Personal A is used with definite persons or a specific person. I read that this grammatical rule also applies to personified animals and pets AT TIMES. Personal A is placed right before the direct object in your sentence, for example, I said that I saw Puss in Boots on the big screen. This sentence works because "Puss in Boots" acts as the personal A, and the direct object is the big screen in this case!

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Direct object pronouns are used to replace direct objects. Direct object pronouns are placed before conjugated verbs in a sentence. For example, I saw the cat in the garden (see image above). In this example, al gato includes a direct object pronoun, and it also expresses that the action of seeing was directed towards the cat in the garden.

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A type of verb that has an irregular conjugation in the preterit tense is any stem-changing verb. A stem-changing verb is a verb where the vowel in the stem of the verb changes in certain conjugations. For example, the verb "poder" can be stem-changing to be Yo Puedo, Tu Puedes, Ella Puede, etc. My example above is "He swam all day", nado is the irregular preterit form of "nadar", and we follow the stem changes from nad to nad for the third person singular of El.

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El se convirte en una excelente bailarina

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One form of "To become" is convertirse! The conjugation of this verb in the present tense is: Yo me convierto, Tu te conviertes, El/Ella se convierte, and there are a couple more. For my example, I used our cat from earlier. After swimming all day, he became an excellent dancer!

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Verbs like "gustar" are verbs of perception and preference; we see this in verbs like "fascinar", "interesar", and "encantar". These are conjugated based on what the subject likes/dislikes, which changes the sentence structure so that the subject follows the verb. An example would be the sentence "A mi gato le encantan las cajas!" In my example, "le encantan" is conjugated with the verb "encantar" to express that my cat LOVES boxes! Like some of the other literary devices in Spanish, these verbs require the use of indirect object pronouns (the aforementioned me, te, le, nos, os, les).

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El gato jugaba con su juguete favorito todas las tardes. 

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Lastly, the imperfect tense in Spanish is used for describing habitual actions from the past, used for providing context. The imperfect tense is also used for describing actions that are repeated. The verb in my example is "jugaba" conjugated in the imperfect tense.