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Economic Cooperation of Western Europe (1967-2000)

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Economic Cooperation of Western Europe (1967-2000)

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Process of economic integration in Western Europe (II)_(Theme B, pp.370-377)

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(a) What was the attitude of France towards Britain in 1967, as shown in Source A? Explain your answer with reference to the languages used and argument in Source A. 

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(a) What was the attitude of France towards Britain in 1967, as shown in Source A? Explain your answer with reference to the languages used and argument in Source A. 

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(b) What was the problem faced by the EC in the late 1960s? Explain your answer with reference to Source B.

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(b) What was the problem faced by the EC in the late 1960s? Explain your answer with reference to Source B.

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(c) What were the obstacles to achieving a single currency in Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s? Explain your answer with clues from Source C.

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(c) What were the obstacles to achieving a single currency in Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s? Explain your answer with clues from Source C.

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(d) ‘The European Union has brought a better Europe.’ Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with reference to the sources provided and your own knowledge of the historical development of Europe until 2000.

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(d) ‘The European Union has brought a better Europe.’ Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with reference to the sources provided and your own knowledge of the historical development of Europe until 2000.

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France attitude towards Britain was unwelcoming.

From Source A, the argument used by de Gaulle was that, if Britain submits to the rule of the Six, it would then be forced to raised the price of its food price adopted by the continental countries, consequently increasing the wage of Britain worker and the price of Britain good.

Also, he used language such as Britain nourishes itself .This shows that he think rather than a common market, Britain would decide to benefit itself with the Common Market.Showing France unwelcoming attitude

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The attitude of France towards Britain in 1967 was hostile.

From source A, president of France,de Gaulle, stated that we(the inner six)understand why Britain didn’t merge a community with strict rules. He also ,mentioned Britain was tied to the US with all kinds of special agreements.

This showed that France was blaming Britain for not accepting the strict rules of The Common Market, and making agreements with US secretly.

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The attitude of France is unfriendly

From source A, France said that Britain is not continental . And said Britain has a close relations with United States.This shows that de Gaulle is trying to isolate Britain from Europe by saying that it’s not on the same continent with the inner 6. Stating that Britain has a close relationship with United States shows that de Gaulle is trying to group Britain and United States as the foreigners. Isolating Britain furthermore.

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Exchange rate instability is the problem faced by EC in the late 1960s.

According to Source B,In late 1960s,European feared that exchange rate instability would disrupt

trade.Uncertainty over currency values makes it harder for buyers and

sellers to calculate appropriate prices and negotiate contracts. It shows the instability of exchange rate made the trade amoung EC members become harder and harm the econmic development in Europe as if the exchange rate is instable,it is hard to set a right price.

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I agree that the EU has brought a better Europe.

Firstly, the Schengen Area was established in 1995, deepening European relations. According to Source D, the Schengen Agreement took effect in March 1995. The agreement allows the nationals of the signing countries to travel between these countries without a passport and work in those countries without any further permission. According to my own knowledge, 8 more countries joined the Area between 1995 - 2000. This means the Schengen Area may attract European countries to be integrated, which will deepen European relations.

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Secondly, the use of the euro also enhances the integration of Europe. From Source D, the clear rules of the single currency were set up by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, then the euro was introduced to 11 EU countries, like Austria and Belgium, etc.. The use of the euro not only established a unified monetary system, furthermore deepened the integration of the European internal market by eliminating exchange rate fluctuations and transaction costs between member states, allowing goods, services and capital to flow more freely within the euro area, thereby strengthening the economic ties among European countries.

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The first obstacle is the dissolution of

USSR. According to Source A, an Intergovernmental Conference was convened to consider the Treaty amendments required to establish the EMU(European Monetary Union)......the disintegration of the Soviet system created new uncertainties about the future development of Western Security. This means many countries separated from the USSR. They posed an uncertainty to the policy discussed before. The Western countries had to decide whether allow them to join and what measures to treat them.

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The second obstacle is the unavoidable implications caused by the Eastern enlargement. Form Source C,

"the Eastern enlargement of the community, and the financial and institutional implications of such a development, was not unavoidable." It means that the Eastern Europe had a possible economic problem. It made setting up a single currency in Europe more complicating.

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Lastly, the EU also enhance the cultural interaction of the European countries. According to my own knowledge. A programme promoted by Melina Mercouri, called the European Capital of Culture, has been elected by the EU since 1985 every year. The programme will select one or a few cities around Europe to become the European Capital of Culture for that year. During this programme, cities from different countries share their own culture with other countries in Europe. Also, the EU stages a lot of events or programmes in that period to enhance the cultural interaction between those European countries. For instance, European Cultural Month and Culture 2000, etc.. Those events enhance the cultural interaction effectively.

In conclusion, the EU has brought a better Europe.