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Diagnose of psychological disorders went as far back as the Greeks where they believed that mental illness was a direct response from angry gods. Hippocrates was the most important figure in identifying psychological disorders. However, Pythagoras used methods of psychotherapy, medical herbs, and music for the treatment of emotionally ill patients

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Dorothea Dix was an American advocate on behalf of the mentally ill. She began her research in Massachusetts when she saw how mentally ill people are often jailed together with criminals. She discovers that they are treated less than human giving the mentally ill no clothes, heating, light, bathrooms, and are often chained in jail. Dorothea fights for them.

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German psychiatrist Emil Kräpelin created a comprehensive system of psychological disorders that revolved around a pattern of symptoms suggesting a cause of an underlying physiological matter. Kraepelin divided mental illnesses into exogenous disorders and endogenous disorders. Exogenous was caused by external conditions and were treatable, while endogenous disorders had biological causes or were hereditary.

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Americans tried to "breed out" the mentally ill. In 1896, Connecticut restricts people with epilepsy and other mentally ill people from getting married. In 1907, states began to mandate sterilization in cases where it is recommended from a board of experts. More than 65,000 mentally ill people were sterilized. This is obviously put to a stop in the next couple years.

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Psychotherapy was first named and became a general term for treatment in the late 1800s by Sigmund Freud. Psychotherapy (also known as talk therapy) refers to a variety of treatments that aim to help a person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

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Treatments for schizophrenia and other mental illnesses are made. Surgery, and electroconvulsive therapy which is a generalized seizure that is electrically induced to help maintain and reduce mental disorders became increasingly popular when created in the 1930s.

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In 1935, the lobotomy procedure was invented by Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz. The process involved breaking the connection between the frontal lobe and the thalamus. This was done with a rod inserted into the brain through a hole in the head/forehead. Lobotomies were intended to "solve" mental illnesses by calming people down and making them feel less. However, this also resulted in dangerous changes such as personality or becoming abnormally apathetic.

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Neuroimaging is used to scan the brain and central nervous system. This is used in MRI machines. They scan for things like tumors, lesions, and diseases. It was invented to study the brain in a non-invasive manner.

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A 2014 paper by Stewart and his colleagues suggests that early treatment for depression, before the development of symptomatic cardiovascular disease, could decrease the risk of heart attacks and strokes by almost half. He concludes that heart disease and depression are overall linked and are a two-way relationship.

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Holly G Prigerson came to conceptualize disordered grief as prolonged grief that is associated with negative outcomes. She concluded that those mourners who meet criteria for PGD have been shown to benefit from specialized, targeted treatment for it.