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Has hunting and fishing info.

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Northwest Coast Native Americans: Survival Lifeways

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For many generations, Northwest coast Native Americans have practiced skills of survival and wilderness living that was deeply connected with the rhythms of the land around them.

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Did you know that the earliest harpoon and some of the earliest nets were made by the Northwestern tribes , harpoons were made of a claw of a crab and the nets were made by weaving reeds together? This was all possible by how they interacted with the environment.

The Northwestern tribes lived in what is now known as the Pacific Coast of Washington, Oregon and North California.

The Northwestern tribes were able to engineer the tools they would use to hunt by using their environment.

https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/native-people-of-the-american-northwest-coast is the soruce

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-northwest-coast

The tribes were mainly focused around fishing , hunting and gathering. Salmon and Cedar trees were some of the most valuable resources. These villages were made significantly close to the water which would allow easy access for canoes to enter and exit.

The Northwest tribes lived near the water and  the woods, they also would use nature to their advantage without wasting it.

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Weirs

They would catch fish in nets called Weirs.

They would interact with the environment by making Weirs to catch fish and were made of reeds woven or tied together. As a society, many people had to work together to make the weirs.

Harpoons

An early version of the common to see harpoon was made by the Northwestern. These harpoons were not made by only one person, they were made by many people like wood workers which would take wood from Cedars trees and the fishers would supply them with crabs claws making it sharper. These tools were precise so they would not catch too many fish, therefore ensuring their resources are not wasted.

Bows and Arrows

These hunters and gatherers would heavily rely on bows and arrows. They would also use their environment to sneak up on their prey.

The bow were also use in wars

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Indian Fishing and Hunting - Fort Raleigh National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

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Fishing and hunting were important activities for the Native Americans found living here by Sir Walter Ralegh’s explorers and colonists in the 1580s, for Indians relied heavily on the meat of wild animals and fowl, and on fish, for their food.

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Canoes

They would use canoes as a way to move and hunt (good for fishing too (Ayden))

The tribes would make canoes out of cedar or spruce trees. They would hunt otters, seals and salmon. Salmon was a thing of high value due to how they worshipped the salmon god and they also had the first salmon ceremony.

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About 10,000 years ago, people began living on North America's Northwest Coast, a narrow area along the Pacific Ocean that stretches across parts of modern-day Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Yukon and British Columbia in Canada. By 3,000 B.C., people had set up permanent villages along the rivers, peninsulas, and islands of this region.

COOL CULTURE

The ocean and the lush coastal forests provided the Northwest Coast people with everything that they needed to survive. Tribes carved huge canoes made from cedar or spruce trees. The boats could fit up to 30 people, who paddled into the sea to hunt otters, seals, and whales. Salmon was such an important food source that these fish featured in many of their stories, and many tribes held a First Salmon Ceremony to celebrate the salmon's return to freshwater rivers from the ocean.

Many tribes, such as the Tlingit (KLIN-kit) and Haida (HY-dah), showed off their status with totem poles. These carved and painted poles represented a family's history or honored a chief or other important person. The totem poles featured carvings of animals or supernatural creatures associated with family clans. Thunderbirds (a mythical animal that caused thunder when it opened its wings), ravens, and bears stared down from many totem poles.

In the spring and summer, many tribes lived in temporary shelters that could be moved around while they hunted, fished, and gathered berries and roots. During winter, people moved into cedar houses that were large enough for many families to share. Often these homes had totem poles outside. Sometimes the totem poles were used as posts to support the house's roof.

LIFE TODAY

Today the native people of the Northwest Coast have lives like many Americans: They live in modern homes and send their kids to school. But many also remember their heritage by doing things like carving totem poles, hosting traditional feasts, and sharing their culture with others. For instance, the Puyallup (pyoo-AH-lup) tribe has a YouTube channel with videos of events such as the Puyallup powwow. Fish have become part of many of modern tribal businesses: The S'klallam (SKLAH-lum) and the Stillaguamish (stil-AG-wa-mish) operate fish hatcheries.

Many tribes participate in Canoe Journeys, an event hosted by the Lummi (LOO-mee) people. Each year, participants sail oceangoing canoes to a different destination, sometimes taking a month to complete the journey.

Text and photos adapted from the Nat Geo Kids Encyclopedia of American Indian History and Culture.

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Native People of the American Northwest Coast

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Native People of the American Northwest Coast

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Yakama Nation indian repairing fishing nets at Celilo Village on the Columbia River, Oregon, USA Stock Photo - Alamy

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Download this stock image: Yakama Nation indian repairing fishing nets at Celilo Village on the Columbia River, Oregon, USA. - BWXK4M from Alamy’s library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors.

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Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples in Canada

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The Northwest Coast cultural area, one of six contained in what is now Canada, is home to many Indigenous peoples, such as the Nuu-chah-nulth, Kwakwaka’wakw,…