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Present perfect - Form

Short forms

Note that short forms are not used in positive short answers.

Present perfect - Use

Summary chart

Past events when time is not mentioned

We use the present perfect to talk about past actions or events when time is not mentioned, i.e. we don't say when these events happened.

Just already, yet

We often the present perfect with just, already and yet. We can use just after the verb have to emphasise that these events are very recent.

We use already in positive sentences to talk about actions that we have completed sooner than we expected. Already goes after the verb have.

We use yet in negative sentences and questions to talk about things that we expect to happen soon. Yet goes at the end of the sentence.

Recently

We often use the present perfect with recently to talk about past recent actions.

Today, this week, this month, this year

We can use the present perfect with time expressions when the time we mention has not finished.

Past experiences - never, ever, before

We use the present perfect to talk about past experiences when we don't say or we don't know when something happened.

Never, ever, before

We often use the words never, ever, or before to talk about experiences.

The best thing I've ever done

We can use the present perfect simple with a superlative adjective and ever.

How many times

We can also use the present perfect to say how many times something has happened until now.

Have gone to or have been to?

We say someone has gone somewhere when this person is still away, and we say someone has been somewhere when this person has already come back from that place.

Duration from the past until now - for, since

We can use the present perfect with for, since and how long to ask or talk about situations that started in the past and have not finished.

Compare:

For + period of time; since + moment in the past

We use for + period of time ( 2 hours, 3 days, 20 years, etc.) and we use since + the moment in the past when something started.

Lately, all morning/day/year/etc.

We can also use the present perfect with lately or with all + period of time ( all day, all morning, all my life, etc.) to talk about actions that started in the past and continue in the present.

Don't use ago

We can't use ago with the present perfect.

Past simple or present perfect?

When did it happen?

We use the present perfect (NOT past simple) to talk about past experiences and actions when we don't say or don't know when they happened.

We use the past simple (NOT present perfect) when we mention or ask about when something happened, or when the time is known by the speaker and the listener. We often use a past expression ( last week, yesterday, when I was a child, etc.)

Giving details in past simple

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Past simple or present perfect? - Test-English

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Past simple or present perfect. How long, for, since, already, yet, before, ever, never, etc. B1 - English intermediate grammar exercises.

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Pon a prueba tus habilidades en este divertido juego donde tendrás que decidir si usar el Present Perfect o el Past Simple.

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Juego De concurso simple past present perfect

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TT How well do you know your partner? - Gold preliminary Unit 4 past simple & present perfect - Present Perfect vs Past Simple, Times

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Diferencias entre Present Perfect y Past Simple

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Diferencias entre Present Perfect y Past Simple

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Este vídeo compara ambos tiempos verbales con ejemplos claros y fáciles de entender.

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PAST SIMPLE vs PRESENT PERFECT - INGLÉS CON MR.PEA - ENGLISH FOR KIDS

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El Present Perfect se utiliza para hablar de acciones que tienen relevancia en el presente o que han ocurrido en un tiempo no especificado antes de ahora, es decir, RECIENTEMENTE. Ejemplo: 'I have finished my homework.' Se utiliza con los adverbios: "lately", "recently", "just", "already", "yet", "still", "ever", "never", "for", "since":

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El Past Simple se utiliza para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en un momento específico en el pasado. Ejemplo: 'I visited Paris last year.' Siempre se utiliza con los adverbios: "last", "ago" y "yesterday".

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https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple.html

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(also called the simple past tense)

Click here to download this explanation as a pdf.
Click here to learn about how to USE the past simple.

It's similar to the present simple because it has different rules for the verb 'be', which becomes 'was' or 'were':
The Past Simple with 'be'
Here's how to make the positive:

To make the negative with 'be', just add 'not':

Here's an exercise to practise the positive and negative forms with 'be'

To make a question, just like the present simple, we change the position of 'was / were' and the subject.

Here are the past simple 'yes / no' questions with 'be':

And the 'wh' questions with 'be' (the question word just goes at the beginning, everything else is the same):

And here's an exercise for 'wh' and 'yes / no' questions

Here's another exercise with 'be' (this time it's all forms - positive, negative and questions)

The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs

We make the past simple just like the present simple except we use 'did' instead of 'do / does'. It's really easy because 'did' doesn't change, even with 'he / she / it'.

The positive:

We usually make the positive by adding '-ed' to the infinitive. For example, 'play' becomes 'played'. However, there are some irregular verbs, for example 'go' becomes 'went' and 'run' becomes 'ran'.

(Here's some help if you are not sure how to pronounce '-ed' at the end of a verb).

Click here for a list of 50 common irregular verbs (PDF file)

Click here for an exercise about irregular verbs in this verb tense

Click here for another irregular verb exercise

In the negative there aren't any irregular verbs. All verbs use 'did not (didn't) + infinitive':

Here's an exercise about the negative form

Questions are also very easy. Just put 'did' before the subject, and the infinitive after it.

Here are the 'yes / no' questions:

And here's an exercise about 'yes / no' questions

To make a 'wh' question, of course, put the question word at the beginning of the sentence:

And here's an exercise about 'wh' questions

Here are some exercises about making all the forms:
Mixed Exercise 1
Mixed Exercise 2
Mixed Exercise 3
Mixed Exercise 4
Click here to learn about when we use this tense

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Easy explanations and examples about how to make the past simple (or simple past) tense in English with lots of exercises and quizzes.

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https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect.html

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(also called the simple past tense)

Click here to download this explanation as a pdf.
Click here to learn about how to USE the past simple.

It's similar to the present simple because it has different rules for the verb 'be', which becomes 'was' or 'were':
The Past Simple with 'be'
Here's how to make the positive:

To make the negative with 'be', just add 'not':

Here's an exercise to practise the positive and negative forms with 'be'

To make a question, just like the present simple, we change the position of 'was / were' and the subject.

Here are the past simple 'yes / no' questions with 'be':

And the 'wh' questions with 'be' (the question word just goes at the beginning, everything else is the same):

And here's an exercise for 'wh' and 'yes / no' questions

Here's another exercise with 'be' (this time it's all forms - positive, negative and questions)

The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs

We make the past simple just like the present simple except we use 'did' instead of 'do / does'. It's really easy because 'did' doesn't change, even with 'he / she / it'.

The positive:

We usually make the positive by adding '-ed' to the infinitive. For example, 'play' becomes 'played'. However, there are some irregular verbs, for example 'go' becomes 'went' and 'run' becomes 'ran'.

(Here's some help if you are not sure how to pronounce '-ed' at the end of a verb).

Click here for a list of 50 common irregular verbs (PDF file)

Click here for an exercise about irregular verbs in this verb tense

Click here for another irregular verb exercise

In the negative there aren't any irregular verbs. All verbs use 'did not (didn't) + infinitive':

Here's an exercise about the negative form

Questions are also very easy. Just put 'did' before the subject, and the infinitive after it.

Here are the 'yes / no' questions:

And here's an exercise about 'yes / no' questions

To make a 'wh' question, of course, put the question word at the beginning of the sentence:

And here's an exercise about 'wh' questions

Here are some exercises about making all the forms:
Mixed Exercise 1
Mixed Exercise 2
Mixed Exercise 3
Mixed Exercise 4
Click here to learn about when we use this tense

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Easy explanations and examples about how to make the past simple (or simple past) tense in English with lots of exercises and quizzes.

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Past Simple Tense in English - Regular and Irregular Verbs Grammar lesson

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Present Perfect Tense in English - Learn Perfect Tense Sentence and Question Structure

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