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Yuan Dynasty, China subjugated by Mongols, adopting their culture

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Silk Road established by the Chinese

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persia becomes primary language of high culture in abbasid world

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persian buyids capture baghdad, reducing abbasid caliphs to puppet rulers

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The first appearance of hominids in Africa

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Homo Sapiens Sapiens first developed in East Africa.(Our species)

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humans reach America using a land bridge from Asia

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Humans begin migrating to Asia from Africa

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NEOLITHIC AGE - saw the rise of agriculture, domestication, and the first civilizations (elaborate on this further, talk about Mesopotamia, egypt, etc)

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The development of corn agriculture in Central America

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Crucifixion of Jesus

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The Roman Empire:

Established by Octavian/Agustus, succeeding the Republic of Rome. At its height, the Roman Empire spanned a huge amount of Europe, including the entirety of the Mediterranean. Despite it's power, the empire fell into instability and the western section was destroyed in 476.

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Founding of Islam, centered around the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca

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Gunpowder was discovered in China. An exact date is unknown, but records of it date back to the 9th century.

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Cuneiform (writing) developed in Mesopotamia

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The code of Hammurabi developed in Babylon.

Laws carved into a stele about a variety of ideas to establish order.

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Egypt: First unified by Narmer/Menes with no one person founding it.

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The Olmecs were established sometime around 1200 BCE, being one of the first major Mesoamerican civilizations. The Olmecs became known for their stone sculptures and use of rubber. Eventually, around 400 BCE, their populations rapidly declined, and their civilization collapsed, the cause of which is speculated to be climate change.

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Jewish religion - first monotheistic religion

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Buddha's life & the development of Buddhism

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Plato and Aristotle in Greece developed ideas/philosophies on subjects like ethics, politics, and science.

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Confucius: Chinese Philosopher, Teaching ideas of ethical living.

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202 BCE - 220 CE

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The development of Hinduism over many centuries, based on a large body of sacred texts

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The Song Dynasty emerges, a stable golden age

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Abbasid dynasty

Gunpowder Empire

Golden Age of Islam

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Marco Polo, under Kublai Khan, explores Asia and writes accounts of cities, palaces, and wealth.

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The Magna Carta is signed by King John of England, putting restrictions on royal power in England. Many consider the Magna Carta to be the basis formodern western civilization.

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start of the Middle Ages (after the fall of Roman Empire)

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Gothic architecture was introduced to Europe.

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social and economic crisis caused by the black death led to the rise of serfdom and changes in the family structure

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Maya civilization:

The Maya were a people inhabiting Mesoamerica, amongst their achievements included their great pyramids and large cities. While their civilization underwent sweeping changes throughout the years, they persisted from around 2000 BCE to 1697, when their last city, Nojpetén was taken by the Spanish.

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Sudanic State - The Mali Empire - one of the wealthiest empires at the time due to it's monopoly over gold and salt. Adopted Islam

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Aztec Empire:

Tenochtitlan, the to be capital of the Aztec Empire was founded in 1325. However, the Aztec Empire would be founded over 100 years later in 1428. The Aztec Empire persisted for nearly 200 years becoming a dominant power in Mesoamerica and building Tenochtitlan into a great city. In 1521, Spanish conquistadors under Hernán Cortés defeated the Aztecs and brought an end to their civilization.

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Columbus goes on expedition to find westward route to the Indies; discovered the Americas

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The Ming dynasty replaces Mongol rule in China

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Beginning of the Italian Renaissance, a revival of old Greek and Roman arts and ideas, as well as a time of new developments in arts and technology.

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GLOBAL AGE BEGINS - SIGNIFICANT TRANSOFRMATIONS

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This time works in 2 axis. The up and down are different continents, organizing the timeline by geography. Side to side represents time, with each event placed in chronological order. Events are written with their date, and then a description of what happened. On the bottom is a general time frame, containing major global changes and shifts, as well as eras and time periods to use as a reference. This makes the timeline easily digestible - by zooming in, you can see the timeline of a specific continent, and by zooming out you can see how these events are connected across the world.

NOTE: ZOOM OUT

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start of common era - from this point on we will not specify CE or BCE - we will simply say the year

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start of what's on the AP test

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divider

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divider

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divider

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Apart from the axis, the timeline is also color-coded to GPERSIA:

geographical - already organized by geography on the sides. Major migration events are classified as "social'

political - red (includes dynasties and empires)

economic - yellow

religious - green

social - blue

intellectual - purple

artistic - white, w/ an image depicting the art

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Humans migrate to Europe fro m Africa

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Discovery of Potosí Silver Mine, becomes the worlds largest silver source and influences global trade

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start of common era

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Treaty of Tordesillas: The treaty between Portugal and Spain dividing the Americas

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Vasco de Gama is the first to reach India by rounding the tip of Africa, establishes Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade

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Columbian exchange is established, crops, animals, diseases, and technologies are exchanged between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia

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Battle of Lepanto: Spanish navy defeated Ottoman navy; established European dominance of maritime trade

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Dutch East India Company was established; granted monopoly on trade in Asia

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For the next few hundred years, American civilizations continue to develop in isolation

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Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press, allowing for the mass production of literature.

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Martin Luther publishes his 95 Theses, a list of critisms of the Roman Catholic Church, sparking the Protestant Reformation.

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Copernicus publishes heliocentric model of the universe; beginning of scientific revolution

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swahili coastalstates

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Treaty of Westphalia; ended the 30 years' war, allowed rulers to choose the religion of their state; soverignty

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Sudanic State - Kingdom of Ghana, a wealthy empire with a strong military and access to gold and salt

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Sudanic State - Songhay Empire, known for the works of Sunni Ali and Muhammad I Askia. Center of Islamic learning

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Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematic; laws of motion, lays foundation for modern physics

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Establishment of the Encomienda System, allowed Spanish settlers to control Indigenous labor

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Gold was discovered in Brazil, sparked a Brazilian gold rush

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Tupac Amaru II rebellion in Peru; highlighted rising tensions in the American colonies

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Portuguese establish first African trading post in present day Ghana, became a key hub for later slave trade

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First African slaves are shipped to the Americas by Portuguese merchants

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Haitian Revolution: Enslaved Africans in Haiti successfully revolted against French colonial rule and established the first independent black republic in the Americas

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Britain abolishes its role in the transatlantic slave trade, pressured other nations to do the same

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Brazil is the last American country to abolish slavery

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universal religious reach sub-saharan africa

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Gempei wars: series of conflicts of the large samurai class in Japan. (Taira and Minamoto)

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death of chingis khan - empire split into 4 khanates

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mamluk victory over the mongols - challenge to mongol power

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Islam spreads to southeast asia

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mansa musa undertakes the hajj to mecca

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Hernan Cortes led Spanish forces and established local alliances to defeat the Aztecs, leading to the fall of the Aztecs in 1521.

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Moscow gains Independence from Mongol rule under the leadership of Ivan III (the great)

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Ivan IV's (the Terrible) reign begins, expanding Russian territory into Siberia and consolidating Tsarist power

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Byzantine Empire:

In the 4th century, Rome was split into East and West, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the remaining Eastern Roman Empire would become the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire, through most of its lifespan, would be a powerhouse in Europe and a "cradle of Christianity." In 1453, the Byzantine capital of Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire.

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Ancient Greece rises and falls. Amongst Greece's accomplishments included architectural and scientific innovations and the first use of democracy.

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Time of Troubles begins in Russia following the death of Ivan IV who had no heir

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The foundations of capitalism begin to develop.

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Zheng He's voyages: Over 300 ships were used to promote trade and create a presence in the Indian Ocean.

Eventually, the voyages stopped due to a lack of sponsorship

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Reign of Peter the Great, introduces new reforms to westernize Russia.

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Major monarchies in France, Britain and Spain centralize power and begin to expand outwards

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key developments in economics and technology

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Peter the Great establishes St. Petersburg, symbolizing Russia's shift toward westernization

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Pugachev rebellion: Emelian Pugachev claims to be the rightful tsar and promises the end of serf oppression; the rebellion is put down by Catherine the Great, and Pugachev is executed. Catherine uses the rebellion as a reason to increase monarchal authority.

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Partition of Poland: Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria, cementing Russia's status as a European power

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The Inca Empire was established in 1438 under Pachacuti, rapidly expanding in South America during the following years. In 1532, Spanish Conquistadors deceived the Inca leader, Atahualpa into capture, where he was then executed in 1533, resulting in a collapse of the Inca Empire.