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In your groups, you are to observe your allocated cartoon and answer the questions.

Think about what you know so far about the history of Australian migration and how government policies may affect the way we view certain communities in Australian society.

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The Australian government specifically excluded groups of people based on their race, ethnicity, and culture.

Exclusivism meant maintaining a monoculture: one culture (British) and one race (Anglo-Saxon) at the expense of all others, including Australia’s existing Indigenous population.

The most well-known policy of this period was the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, also known as the ‘White Australia Policy’. The White Australia policy even had its own song! Click here to listen.

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The Australian government forced new migrants to abandon their culture and adopt an ‘Australian’ way of life, including customs, traditions, and beliefs. They were required to assimilate into Australian society.

According to Collins (1991, p. 62), assimilate means to:

Become absorbed or incorporated

To adjust or become adjusted

To become similar

Despite the introduction of a new migration policy that invited other Europeans to migrate to Australia based on Arthur Calwell’s ‘Populate or Perish!’ slogan, new migrants who did come to Australia experienced discrimination during this period.

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The Australian government became a little lenient in how its migrant population engaged with the ‘Australian’ way of life.

It was a period where new migrants were allowed to keep their culture and traditions but were still required to be somewhat ‘Australian’ by abiding to its laws, speak the dominant language (English), and respect Australian customs and values.

According to Collins (1991, p. 588), integrate means to:

Make or be made into a whole; incorporate or be incorporated

Amalgamate or mix (a racial or religious group) with an existing community

The end of World War II was followed by an immigration boom and the population almost doubled. However, this meant increased discrimination against non-White migrants. Watch this clip to see how Australians in 1962 felt about new non-White migrants and a ‘multiethnic’ Australia.

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The Australian government openly welcomed non-European immigration into Australia. It was a period where migrants were allowed to express themselves freely, without the need to adopt the ‘Australian’ way of life. However, they were still required to abide by, and respect, Australian laws.

According to Collins (1991, p. 745), multi means:

Many or much

More than one

The most well-known legislation of this period was the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, which came to redefine Australia from being ‘White Australia’ to ‘Multicultural Australia’. Did you know that, because of the introduction of this legislation, it is illegal to be racist in Australia?

Read the National Agenda for a Multicultural Australia (1989) to understand the government’s definition and implementation of multiculturalism.

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The Australian government welcomes migrants into Australia but considers them to be ‘culturally incompatible’ with the broader society and expects new and existing migrants to integrate into the ‘Australian’ way of life. Migrants in Australia are seen as ‘undesirable others’ in Australian society.

Currently, Australia is going backward in terms of its policies to support the integration of migrants and refugees. Certain perspectives on current Australia’s ‘multiculturalism’ policy suggest that multiculturalism emphasises the ability of minority groups to assimilate rather than focusing on the capacity of the mainstream to accommodate diverse cultures.

Watch this video where former Prime Minister of Australia John Howard shares his perspective on multiculturalism, expressing concerns about the concept and suggests that immigrants should adopt the values of their host country.

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1. Outline what you think the issue is that’s presented in the cartoon.

2. What is the context for this cartoon?

3. How has the cartoonist communicated this issue to his audience? Consider the techniques used such as context, target, irony, dialogue.

4. Do you think the cartoon is effective in understanding issues with Australia’s multiculturalism? Why or why not?

5.  Do you think this cartoon is offensive? If so, who might it offend and why?

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1. Outline what you think the issue is that’s presented in the cartoon.

2. What is the context for this cartoon?

3. How has the cartoonist communicated this issue to his audience? Consider the techniques used such as context, target, irony, dialogue.

4. Do you think the cartoon is effective in understanding issues with Australia’s multiculturalism? Why or why not?

5.  Do you think this cartoon is offensive? If so, who might it offend and why?

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1. Outline what you think the issue is that’s presented in the cartoon.

2. What is the context for this cartoon?

3. How has the cartoonist communicated this issue to his audience? Consider the techniques used such as context, target, irony, dialogue.

4. Do you think the cartoon is effective in understanding issues with Australia’s multiculturalism? Why or why not?

5.  Do you think this cartoon is offensive? If so, who might it offend and why?

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1. Outline what you think the issue is that’s presented in the cartoon.

2. What is the context for this cartoon?

3. How has the cartoonist communicated this issue to his audience? Consider the techniques used such as context, target, irony, dialogue.

4. Do you think the cartoon is effective in understanding issues with Australia’s multiculturalism? Why or why not?

5.  Do you think this cartoon is offensive? If so, who might it offend and why?

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1. Outline what you think the issue is that’s presented in the cartoon.

2. What is the context for this cartoon?

3. How has the cartoonist communicated this issue to his audience? Consider the techniques used such as context, target, irony, dialogue.

4. Do you think the cartoon is effective in understanding issues with Australia’s multiculturalism? Why or why not?

5.  Do you think this cartoon is offensive? If so, who might it offend and why?

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1. Outline what you think the issue is that’s presented in the cartoon.

2. What is the context for this cartoon?

3. How has the cartoonist communicated this issue to his audience? Consider the techniques used such as context, target, irony, dialogue.

4. Do you think the cartoon is effective in understanding issues with Australia’s multiculturalism? Why or why not?

5.  Do you think this cartoon is offensive? If so, who might it offend and why?

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In your groups, do further research on the issue your allocated cartoon explores.

Your chosen issue may relate to: Indigenous exclusion from Australian society; Cronulla Riots and racism toward Lebanese communities; White Australia; Migration policies and illegal immigration; Islamophobia (the fear of Muslims and Islam) and representations of Muslims; OR Stereotyping of minority communities (e.g. First Nations peoples and cultures).

Attach ONE of the following:

News article

Government policy

Statistics

YouTube video

Academic journal article or book chapter

Summarise your issue in THREE dot points based on the information you found through your research.