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North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro

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February 1, 1960: Greensboro Sit-Ins Begin

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February 1, 1960: Greensboro Sit-Ins Begin

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Four Black students from North Carolina A&T State University—Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain, and Joseph McNeil—staged a sit-in at the whites-only lunch counter at Woolworth's in downtown Greensboro. While not on campus itself, this pivotal event helped inspire student activism that would fuel the Black Campus Movement. Within days, the sit-in movement spread to college campuses across the South, mobilizing thousands of students to challenge segregation through nonviolent direct action.

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March 25-27, 1968: Howard University Student Protest

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March 25-27, 1968: Howard University Student Protest

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Students at Howard University, a historically Black institution, staged a five-day takeover of the Administration Building. Led by student leaders like Ewart Brown and Anthony Gittens, approximately 1,000 students participated in the protest, demanding a more Afrocentric curriculum, student representation on university committees, and the resignation of President James Nabrit. The protest resulted in significant reforms, including the establishment of the first African American studies department at a major American university.

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San Francisco State University, San Francisco

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November 1968: San Francisco State Strike Begins

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November 1968: San Francisco State Strike Begins

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The longest student strike in U.S. history began at San Francisco State College, lasting five months until March 1969. Led by the Black Student Union and a coalition called the Third World Liberation Front, students demanded an autonomous Black Studies Department, increased enrollment of minority students, and hiring of minority faculty. The strike, involving thousands of students and facing police repression, ultimately led to the establishment of the first College of Ethnic Studies in the United States.

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January 14, 1969: Cornell University Takeover

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January 14, 1969: Cornell University Takeover

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Black students at Cornell University seized Willard Straight Hall during parents' weekend, sparked by cross burnings outside Black women's housing and the university's perceived racism. The dramatic 36-hour occupation made national headlines when students emerged carrying rifles as protection against threatened attacks from white fraternity members. The protest led to the creation of an Africana Studies Center and marked a turning point in how universities addressed Black student concerns about campus racism and curriculum representation.

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February 1969: UC Berkeley Third World Strike

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February 1969: UC Berkeley Third World Strike

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Inspired by the San Francisco State strike, students at UC Berkeley launched their own Third World Liberation Front strike, demanding the creation of a Third World College with autonomous departments for ethnic studies. The strike involved thousands of students and faced significant police response. After three months, the university agreed to establish an Ethnic Studies Department, representing a major victory for the movement's goal of decolonizing curriculum and expanding educational access.

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April 22, 1969: Harvard University Student Occupation

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April 22, 1969: Harvard University Student Occupation

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Members of Harvard's Organization of Black Unity seized University Hall, demanding the university end its ROTC program, address poor working conditions for Black employees, and establish an African American Studies program. Police forcibly removed the protestors, but the action ultimately led to the creation of Harvard's Department of Afro-American Studies in 1969. This protest was part of a wave of student activism that transformed elite institutions' approaches to Black studies and representation.

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Just days after the Kent State shootings, police opened fire on a group of students at Jackson State College (now Jackson State University), a historically Black institution in Mississippi. The violence left two students dead and twelve wounded. The tragedy occurred amid protests against the Vietnam War and racial discrimination. Unlike Kent State, the Jackson State killings received comparatively little national attention, highlighting the disparities in how the nation responded to violence against Black students versus white students.

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February 1970: University of Wisconsin Black Student Strike

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February 1970: University of Wisconsin Black Student Strike

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Black students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison organized a campus-wide strike, presenting the administration with 13 demands focused on recruiting more Black students and faculty, creating a Black studies department, and addressing campus racism. Nearly 10,000 students participated in the strike, which was supported by teaching assistants and some faculty. The university ultimately agreed to most demands, establishing the Department of Afro-American Studies that continues today.

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May 4, 1972: Southern University Protest and Killings

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May 4, 1972: Southern University Protest and Killings

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Students at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the largest HBCU in the country, organized protests demanding better campus conditions, more student input in administrative decisions, and the removal of the university president. On November 16, 1972, state police confronted protesters occupying the administration building, resulting in the deaths of two students, Denver Smith and Leonard Brown. The tragedy highlighted the often violent opposition to Black student activism even at historically Black institutions.

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April 1969: Northwestern University Bursar's Office Takeover

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April 1969: Northwestern University Bursar's Office Takeover

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Black students at Northwestern University occupied the bursar's office for 38 hours, demanding increased Black student enrollment, creation of a Black studies program, and improved housing conditions for Black students. The protest, organized by For Members Only (FMO) and the Afro-American Student Union, resulted in an agreement known as the 'May 4th Agreement' that addressed many student demands and established Northwestern's Department of African American Studies.

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Students organized around the trial of Bobby Seale, a Black Panther, and demanded curricular change.

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1968 - Black students staged a walkout, leading to policy and admissions changes.

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University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS

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University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS

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University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS

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University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS

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Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

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Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

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Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

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Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

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Rhode Island College, Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI

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Rhode Island College, Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI

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Rhode Island College, Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI

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1972 - Africana Studies program established at RIC. The oldest Africana Studies program in the state.

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Rhode Island College, Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI