# data[].attributes.body
In the standing photo organizer design, if the acid-free plastic sleeves aren't securely attached or are

of low quality, photos can slip out over time, especially when flipping pages or during transport. This

leads to bent corners, scratches, or lost images, compromising the safety and organization of your

collection.

Solution:

Reinforce Sleeves: Use double-sided tape or adhesive strips specifically designed for archival

use (e.g., acid-free photo tape) to secure the sleeves more firmly to the cardboard pages.

Alternatively, opt for pre-made archival photo albums with built-in pockets that have sealed

edges.

Add Retention Features: Insert thin cardboard or foam inserts behind each sleeve to create a

snug fit, preventing photos from shifting. For extra security, apply a small strip of Velcro or

magnetic strips along the sleeve openings.

Test and Upgrade: Before loading all photos, test the organizer by inserting dummy pages and

shaking it gently. If issues persist, switch to higher-quality, museum-grade sleeves (e.g.,

polypropylene instead of PVC) that are more rigid and less prone to wear. Store the organizer

upright in a stable, low-humidity environment to minimize movement. This ensures long-term

protection without needing a full redesign.

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user: People of all ages, such as students, teachers, or family members

problem: Minor injuries like cuts or scrapes can happen anytime, but first-aid supplies are not always nearby. This makes it hard to treat injuries quickly and safely. There is a need for a small, portable first-aid kit that people can use whenever it’s needed.

consideration: Must be small and portable

Safe to use and easy to open made from durable material contents should be clean and organised should clearly show that it is a first-aid kit

design brief: To design and make a mini first-aid kit that is small, portable, and easy to use, so that people can quickly treat minor injuries and feel cared for and safe.

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User: People who wears makeup usually.

problem: Makeup on a desk or vanity can be messy as its unorganized and unable to find the specific item quickly. Makeup which is messy on the table can be unhygienic and can stain the table or items on the desk from the creams, foundations, and more.

Consideration: An organizer to make the desk cleaner and to store everything in place like brushes and lipsticks

Design: A makeup organizer to store the makeup in and organize the different types of product like brushes or lipstick.

Function: To make the desk clear from makeup being all over the desk, organizing the items by size or type, and storing the makeup so that the powders or creams would not dirty anything else.

Aesthetics: The storage organizer would be cute and matches trending and soft colors especially for young teenagers and adult.

Material: Wood so that it is stable and would not break easily

Environment: on the desk so that it can be reachable and accessible

Safety: no sharp edges so that it would not harm the user when in use, especially for young teenagers.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Design Brief

Design Brief:
I will design and make a memory photo display for elderly people who suffer from mental illness or memory loss. The product will display meaningful photographs of family, friends, and important life moments to help improve emotional wellbeing and show care and love from others.

2. Target User

Target User:

Elderly people

May suffer from dementia, Alzheimer’s, depression, or memory loss

Lives at home or in a care facility

May have limited eyesight, hearing, or mobility

Needs something simple, clear, and easy to use

3. Why This Shows Caring

This product shows caring because:

It helps elderly people feel loved, remembered, and supported

Family members can contribute photos, showing emotional effort and care

It improves mental wellbeing by reminding the user of happy memories

It reduces loneliness and confusion

4. Design Specifications (Important for DNT)

The memory photo display should:

Be easy to use (simple buttons or automatic display)

Have large, clear photos for poor eyesight

Be safe (no sharp edges)

Be durable and stable so it won’t tip over

Be lightweight so it can be moved easily

Use warm, calming colours

Be powered safely (battery or low-voltage power)

Be aesthetically pleasing for a bedroom or living space

5. Materials (Example)

Possible materials:

Wood or acrylic for the frame

Clear plastic or glass for the screen cover

LED or digital screen (or printed photos if non-digital)

Rubber feet for stability

Sustainability:

Use recyclable materials

Long-lasting design to reduce waste

6. Evaluation Questions

Does the product help improve the user’s emotional wellbeing?

Is the display easy to understand and use?

Are the photos clearly visible?

Does the product clearly represent the theme of caring?

Is the product safe and suitable for elderly users?

# data[].attributes.body
Many students, athletes, and competition participants receive medals from theyre different events and competitions, but these medals are kept in drawers or boxes where they are not properly displayed or appreciated .

To solve this problem i am designing a medal display case . While existing medal display cases are rectangular shaped and conventional in appearance. There is a need for a medal display case that is both functional and visually appealing, while encouraging pride in achievements.

A honey comb shaped display case is proposed to provide a modern,modular and space efficient solution that allows us to neatly place their medals and expand the display overtime in an organised and aesthetically pleasing way.

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user:seniors who tend to forget to take their medicines

problem: users who are elderly may sometimes forget to take their medicine especially medicine that they would have to take daily. This can be fatal to their health.

consideration: the design should be light and not too big so it has to be an accurate size just to fit the pills. It should be labelled with the days.

consideration: To design and make a compact pill organizer and it should be light

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user: users who wear glasses

problem: Many students place their glasses flat on desks, where they can:

Get scratched, be knocked off or be lost under all the stuff that is on your desk

consideration: the design should have a stable base, be strong so that it wont tip over easily and be light weight

design brief: To design and make a compact, stable desk glasses holder that safely stores one pair of spectacles without scratching or tipping.

# data[].attributes.body
Try to find an image of someone Asian that fits your description.

Age: group (15-17, 60 -75) try to understand the age group of these people.

Gender:

Occupation Role:

Environment of use:

Ergonomics & Anthropometry:

Their "pain-points"

# data[].attributes.body
Age range: 30-45

Gender: Women

Occupation: Housewives

Potential pain points: The sponges that people use to wash the dishes build up bacteria quickly and increase the risk of cross-contamination and spread germs around the household, and some people will get sick easily.

Environment of use: In the kitchen

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this is my second protoype i think it would not strain my shoulder so much because the fabric is not balled up. It is also adjustable because of the ring which means it can fit fat cats too

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user: everyone

problem: wires would be tangled and can lead to electric malfunctions which is a danger to everyone especially the young children and elderly. It can also look messy

consideration: the design should be flexible to fit the wires and allow them to fit properly into the storage containment

design brief: it should be flexible and bend easily but it should be durable and last long. It should also be a thermal insulator

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user: everyone

problem: sometimes when we hang our coats we tend to lose which one is ours as many people could have the same size,colour coat as you

consideration: the coat organizer should be spacious but not too spacious and should only fit one coat. It should be strong enough to hold the coats.

design brief: the design should be durable, it is made out of wood and it can rotate so as to be more neater and organized while not overcrowding the space

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(Carrying/Cleaning/Organising)

User: Parents with younger children

Problem: Younger children would just leave their toys lying around on the floor and not clean them up. So, their parents would have to clean up after them. However, if their parents are not home, the children would just leave their toys around. To prevent them from leaving their stuff around, their parents could show them to keep their stuff in a small crate or box.

Considerations: A designed crate that captures the younger children's attention, so they feel more excited and motivated to clean up. No sharp edges, and it should have a small holder for the child to carry it around.

# data[].attributes.body
i dont havee an actual piggy bank at home and i have alot of coins in my rroom so its really messy

solution:

make a box to hold all my money

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user: anyone that collects multiple perfumes and wants easy access .

problem: perfume collectors have a large amount of bottles that are often disorganised and misplaced . the bottles can tip over and might take up too much space in the drawers or at the top of the wardrobes or tables. makes it difficult to choose perfueme quicklly and keeps the area untidy if not organised well.

consideration: to create a compact perfume organiser that will be able to fit nicely on top of the table wihout taking up much space, keeping the area neat and accessible.

design brief: the organiser should be compact size so it is able to fit on a tabletop wiithout taking much space. it is able to hold 10-15 perfumes depending on the size. it is made out of lightweight material like plastiic.. clear sections to see the perfumes clearly. has a stable base to prevent from toppling easily and make it spacious so it is easy to clean and maintain. the design shoould have smooth and can cnsider to have round edges to prevent any injuries

# data[].attributes.body
When i try to study i often find my table cluttered with peices of paper and books

Solution:

To make a stand to hold all the papers and books so my table eont be so messy

# data[].attributes.body
(Learning)

User: Students

Problem: While doing homework, students tend to refer to textbooks or notebooks, and they might find it tiring to have to flip through the pages to find the page they want to refer to. So, they would need something that would be able to make their book stand. This is convenient because they would not have to flip through that many pages, and tire themself out.

Considerations: Design a book stand that is able to hold textbooks and notebooks stably. The book stand should not consist of sharp edges to ensure the user's safety. The book stand should also have something that is able to stop at the reference page.

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user: anyone

problems:at home,the wires at the kictthen are lying everywhere,this makes the kitchen or other places around the house messy and unorganised.If there are many unorganised wires lying around in the kitchen,it could cause problems such as tripping on the wires or water drips on the wires could cause electric shock making it a hazard.

Considerations:The design should not be sharp edges,it should prevent the cables from tanglings and spacious enough to hang chargers to avoid tangling.

design brief:the design should not be too big.When using phone,it should be secured enough to hold a phone when charging

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user: school

problem: students clear their plates and utensils but the tables is still messy and dirty. Most students dont clean up thinking its the cleaners job. Because of the dirty table, attracts alot of birds and ants.

Consideration: the school should find a way to promote cleaning up after using the table to the students.

Design: A small basket to place a cloth and cleaning spray to make cleaning the tables easier.

Function - A place to store a cloth and a cleaning spray nicely on a table

Aesthetics - A cute and simple design so that it looks nice on the table

Material - plastic

Environment - on the table

Safety - smoothen out the edges so that it wouldnt hurt anyone while theyre at the table.

# data[].attributes.body
(transferring)

user: Students, workers, and home users

consideration: The design must ensure safety to prevent spills or breakage. It should be easy to use so users can transfer items efficiently. The product should handle different sizes and quantities of items.

Design brief: A container that allows users to transfer items safely and comfortably. It should support the weight of items and prevent damage.

# data[].attributes.body
User: People

Problem: Imagine your workspace at home or the office is constantly messy with papers, cables, and supplies piling up, making it hard to find things and focus on work. You spend extra time searching for items, leading to lost productivity, stress, and a disorganized environment that affects your efficiency.

Solution: Design a stackable tray system with divided compartments for pens, notes, and small gadgets, plus a sliding drawer for cables and a top shelf for frequently used items. Include labels and a small whiteboard for quick to-do lists.

# data[].attributes.body
User: My parents

Problem: Usually, when my parents are finished with grocery shopping. They have to bring quite a lot of bags, which puts a strain on their hands because the plastic extends into a thin line that causes great pain due to the weight.

Consideration: Design a handle that's a big replica of the metal carabiner. It should at least hold 2-3kgs of groceries and ensure the tongue of the carabiner has a soft grip so that it won't put a strain on their hands.

# data[].attributes.body
User: Parent

Problem: Imagine you're trying to cook healthy meals for your family during the week, but you end up with a cluttered kitchen, forgotten ingredients, and unevenly cooked dishes because you're juggling chopping, stirring, and checking timers all at once. This leads to wasted time, burnt food, and stress, especially if you're cooking for picky eaters or dietary restrictions.

Solution: Build a portable, wall-mounted or countertop station with labeled compartments for utensils, ingredients, and a digital timer display. Include a recipe holder with slots for printed cards or a tablet stand, plus hooks for measuring tools.

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when pulling out wallet to take bus some times money you just sharve in in to your pocket may cause that follow the out with your pocket and fall to the ground with out knowing it

design a wallet that can effecently keeping money easily and not just sharving it to pocket

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User: Relatives who smoke in the car.

Function: I have relatives who smoke in the car, they usually open the window and throw it out or put it in the cupholders. New cars like Mercedes, Volvo and BMW doesnt have ashtray as standard equipment.

Environment: They need somewhere to dispose the ash and the cigarette butts properly. They need a removable ashtray.

# data[].attributes.body
this is my first protoype, the makeshift sling i made for my cat.

# data[].attributes.body
User: Forgetful people

Problem: Many people, especially students and working adults, experience forgetfulness during busy mornings. As they rush to prepare for school or work. Due to this rush, important items such as keys, wallets, identification cards, homework, or electronic devices are sometimes forgotten.

When a person realizes they have left an important item behind, they are forced to return home to retrieve it. This causes inconvenience, stress, and wasted time, and may even result in being late for school or work.

Solution: A door-mounted organizer with pockets to fit all the essentials they need, which will be hung on the door. As they open the door, they will see the items on display and be reminded to take their belongings.

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user: students

problem: often struggle to keep homework, notebooks, and worksheets organized, which leads to lost papers, clutter, and wasted time.

consideration: The homework holder should be simple, safe, and easy to use. It should be made from lightweight, low-cost, and durable materials like cardboard or plastic. The holder must keep papers upright and separated, be easy to access, and help children put their homework back neatly. It should also be stable, easy to store, and practical for everyday use.

deesign brief: The design is a simple box made from cardboard or a shoebox to keep homework organized. It has dividers inside to separate notebooks, worksheets, or papers, and sections can be labeled for easy use. The open-top box is lightweight, easy to access, and helps children and parents keep homework tidy and in one place.

# data[].attributes.body
User:people who forget their car keys

Problem:people who forget to bring their car keys may result in being late to jobs or a meeting.this can potentially lead to some serious problems.

Solution hang your keys to a hanger near the doors so you can take it whenever your leaving your house so you won’t forget your keys

consideration: must be strong enough to hold the keys

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user:me , anyone who washes dishes or uses sponges for cleaning.

problem: househol sponges are a key essential in everyday hygiene used for cleaning surfaces and washing dishes. However, sponges absorb and retain large amounts of water after use. When left in a warm and moist environment such as in a sink it becomes a perfect breeding ground for bacteria and mold, which increases the risk of contamination sometimmes when they have no proper airflow they cant dry properly.

solution: a sponge holder that can stick to the wall and hold the sponge upright . the holder could also have drainage holes which gives the sponge sufficient airflow so that it can dry properly. The holder sshould stick at the wall so it could dry properly and not come in contact with waterr

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User: Those who have many achievements, such as trophies.

Problem: When people place their trophies on shelves or tables to exhibit it, people might knock it over when walking past it or by something clumsy happening. This might cause the trophy to break and lose something that is precious.

Considerations: Design a transparent hard casing where you can place 1 or multiples trophies to exhibit it while encasing the trophy so that it doesnt not get damaged and it would not get knocked over as easily. And it should also have a cover at the top that can be covered and uncovered so that you can take out the trophies at any time.

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user: students, adults.

Problem: many students or working adults may find it difficult to prepare ingredients while cooking because the kitchen cooking space and disorganised items may cause some confusion, slow down cooking, and sometimes may lead to mistakes or spills. This may affect the person cooking and may be discouraged by it because of how untidy it is.

Considerations: The design should be able to organise the condiments or ingredients used while cooking in the kitchen. It allows the user to prepare and store the ingredients safely and conveniently.

Design brief: The organiser should be medium sized but compact. There should be a separate compartment for multiple ingredients. The main body could be made out of cardbooard but may get dirty after awhile once it is not taken care of properly. There should be metal screws if needed for the structure and should not have any lids so that it can fit different sizes of bottles. The organiser should also have removable dividers for flexibility so we can adjust the amount of space needed for every bottle that needs to be used. The product should be strong enough to last long. The design should be safe and easy for users of most ages to use the product, easy to clean.

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User: People

Problem: Imagine you're a busy parent who shops for groceries weekly, but the bags are always too heavy to carry comfortably from the store to your car or home. This leads to back strain, dropped items, or having to make multiple trips, wasting time and causing frustration, especially if you have kids or other errands to handle.

Solution: Design a set of lightweight, foldable tote bags with built-in compartments and straps for easy carrying. Attach a simple pulley or handle extension to distribute weight evenly, and include pockets for essentials like keys or a shopping list.

# data[].attributes.body
User: students, shoppers or workers who struggles to carry heavy or bulky items, which can strain their hands, shoulders or back. They need a way to carry items comfortably, reduce physical strain, and manage multiple items at once. This problem increases because bags or carriers are often poorly designed or heavy.

Consideration: The grocery bag should be comfortable, lightweight, adjustable and safe.

Design brief: Design a practical grocery bag that reduces strain, distributes weight evenly, stores items securely, and is suitable for everyday use.

# data[].attributes.body
(Displaying)

User: Teenagers and adults

Problem: At home, teenagers and adults might not have enough space to put their figurines up. They would want to put it in a place where they can admire their expensive figurines. The study tables would not be a good place to put them up because they are reserved for studying, and their books or assignments would occupy the space. So, they would need a shelf to put them up, without messing up their rooms.

Considerations: Design a small shelf that will hold a few figurines. The shelf should not have any sharp edges, so the person putting up their figurines will not be able to hurt themself. The shelf should have a thin layer to prevent the figurines from falling down.

# data[].attributes.body
problem:

while cooking, sometimes when i go to take ingrediants i came across a problem where i do not know where to put the spatule as do not want to dirty it

solution:

Design a stand for the head of the spatula so that dust will not be able to stain on the

and can eat more healthyer

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user: elderly

problem: Elderly people often struggle to open jars, bottles, or containers because their hands are weak or their grip is limited. This makes cooking, eating, or daily tasks frustrating and sometimes unsafe.

consideration: The jar and bottle grip helper should be safe, easy to use, and require minimal hand strength. It should be lightweight, durable, and non-slip, fitting different lid sizes. The device should be easy to store, affordable, and practical for everyday use, with bright colors or textures to help users identify and grip it easily.

design brief: A small, cylindrical sleeve that fits over jar or bottle lids. Slightly ribbed or textured surface on the outside to increase friction for grip. Optional small lever handle attached to the side for extra torque if the lid is very tight. Rounded edges for safety and comfort.

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user:my mother

problem:my mom has troubles with switching seasoning while cooking and always complains that she have to keep on switching bottles just for different seasonings and it very inconvinient,so troublesome

consideration:design a bottle where inside of the bottle has 5 slots where there are different seasonings in it,so that its more convinient and more easier because she can just switch to different seasonings in one bottle

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user: my father

problem: he does a lot of repairing works at home so his screws and nails are kept in a drawer for easy access but it makes the drawer really messy and he would not be able to find the specific screw or item he needs. The screws and nails are also sharp so when he searches for a nail or screw he needs, he sometimes hurt his hands from the screws and nails.

Consideration: a container to store his items, organizing by their size and making it easier to grab them.

Design: a container that has different compartments to store his different screws and nails by their size and type.

Function - A container that can fit in a drawer. the compartments in thhe container can arrange the screws and nails. it can help him take any screw or nail easier. It helps his repair works faster by grabbing the screws and nails easier.

Aesthetics - It can make the drawer look nicer and organized.

Materials - plastic

Environment - it can be placed anywhere

safety - the container edges would be smoothen so that it is not that sharp. The container can also make taking the screws and nails without hurting the hand from the sharp points of the screws or nails.

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User:teachers who uses the white board

Problem: the place to put the markers and duster might drop off so it’s inconvenient for teachers to pick it up and put it back

Solution: there will be a storage to put the markers and duster that can attached to the whiteboard which is magnetic

Considerations:the storage must be thick enough and tall enough to fit the markers and duster, it also must be small enough so that it won’t be distracting the students

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User: Any family member who cooks

Problem: Usually, when one of my family members wants to cook for either themselves or for the family. The oil from the cooking splashes onto the wall, and it becomes a stain that's quite hard to remove.

Consideration: Design a splatter guard to help prevent oil splashes on the wall. Also helps to prevent continuous purchase of cleaning products to clean and remove the same oil splash stains repeatedly.

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user:students

problem:some students faced problems such as bags being on the floor or bags blocking others way especially during cca days that they have to bring extra bags.This will lead to cramped space in the classroom making it harder for others to pass through.

consideration:The design should not be blocking the leg space or else the students would feel uncomfortable with the bag hook in the way,it also should not be too big or else it will disrupt the leg space.

Design brief:making the hook simple and small,it could be made out of metal as metal can hold heavy loads.It should be place under an in the middle of the table to improve balance for the users and also shouldnt be blocking the user's leg space .

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user: Elderly users and family members

Problem: Users often misplace their keys, causing stress, wasted time, and difficulty accessing their homes, especially during emergencies.

considerations:

-Must be durable to hold several keys.

-Edges should not be too pointy for safety.

-Made using wood and plastic.

-Easy to use and place near the main door

# data[].attributes.body
Problem situation 2:

User: Working at home parents

Problem: Parents who work at home, sometimes have to multitask between taking care of their children and doing their work on the computer. And is quite difficult to carry the computer everywhere just to look after their children.

Considerations: A table that's able to extend so parents can stand while doing work. There a computer stand in table, a cup holder to hold their coffee mug and tiny wheels so parents can their table around the house.

# data[].attributes.body
User: People who want to eat cup noodles

Problem: When people want to drain the hot water from the noodles into the drain, some of the noodles tend to fall out of the cup and land on the sink, which causes food to be wasted.

Considerations: Design a platform which tiny holes so that water goes through it but the noodles do not. And if any noodles fall out, we can just pick it up and put it back into the cup. It should also be able to sit on the sink edges so that it does not need to be held while draining the water out.

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user: students and coaches

problems: Students and coaches waste time and effort picking up badminton shuttlecocks one by one after games or training sessions, which reduces practice time and causes unnecessary fatigue.

consideration: it must be safe to use and not cause injuries to students or coaches. The device should be easy to operate by users of different ages and skill level. It should save time by allowing multiple shuttlecocks to be collected at once, reducing the effort and fatigue. The design must work effectively on indoor badminton court floors without causing damage. It should also have sufficient capacity to hold many shuttlecocks, be lightweight for easy handling, simple to store in sports equipment rooms.

design brief: rectangular or slightly curved at the bottom, like a small push broom It has a wide sweeping head that can cover most of a badminton court in a few passes.

The head has soft, flexible to gently push shuttlecocks together without damaging them a long handle allows users to push while standing upright, avoiding bending.

# data[].attributes.body
User: Anyone who washes the dishes

Problem: Household sponges are commonly used for cleaning dishes and kitchen surfaces, making them an essential tool in everyday hygiene. However, sponges tend to absorb and retain large amounts of water after use. When left in a wet and warm environment, such as near a kitchen sink, sponges become an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and other microorganisms, increasing the risk of cross-contamination and the spread of germs within the household.

Many people continue to reuse the same sponge for long periods without proper drying or sanitation, as current storage methods do not effectively reduce moisture buildup. Sponges are often left flat on sink surfaces or in enclosed holders where water cannot drain properly, and airflow is limited. This results in unpleasant odors, reduced cleaning effectiveness, and potential health risks.

Solution: A sponge holder that helps hold the sponge upright with drainage holes, which also allow more airflow to dry the sponge faster. It can be hung on the wall with a hook so it is a raised platform and wont come in contact with water, the sponge holder should also have a removable under to collect the dirty dripping water.

# data[].attributes.body
user:Me

problem:i have to many medals and award trophy from school and i always just let it lie around my room and make it messy

Consideration:design a frame and put all my medal in and my trophy awards so that it looks more neat rather than looking so messy and it will be organised too

# data[].attributes.body
user: my grandmother

Problem: She likes to cook but her spices and condiments are all over the counter and cabinets, making the kitchen unorganized. Because of that she cannot find her spices and condiments whenever she cooks. She needs a place to put her spices and condiments while keeping the kitchen clean.

Considerations: a container that holds all her spices in an organized manner. The container can also turn so that she can grab any spices or condiments she need without needing to make a mess in the kitchen. This can help with her finding her spices and making the kitchen stay organized.

Design: A circle container that keeps the bottles and spices organized.

Function - the circle container can turn so that she can grab her spices easily

Aesthetics - the container makes the kitchen stay clean, spices are not everywhere in the kitchen.

Materials - plastic so that it is easy to turn.

Environment - suitable to place on a normal kitchen counter

safety - no sharp edges so it would not hurt anyone.

# data[].attributes.body
user:my mother.

problem: after my mother finishes cooking she will complain that her seasoning bottles like paprika, salt and pepper seasoning bottles are placed everywhere and is very difficult for her to find it once she wants to start cooking again.

consideratons:design a seasoning bottle holder that cam fit multiple seasoning bottles at 1 time and is easy for her to find the seasoning bottles and it will be easier for her to carry them all at 1 time

# data[].attributes.body
User:family members

Problems:my parents usually has a hard time finding spices and condiments or unorganized and messy. Another issue, lack of space many used of condiemnts or spices on the counter can lead to lack of space in the kitchen making the environment untidy and messy

Consideration:design a condiment or spices holder that can be placed on the wall to prevent lack of spaces and contamination

# data[].attributes.body
User: My father

Problem: My father works as a surveyor, and his job involves handling a large amount of paperwork, including maps, reports, site plans, and reference documents. Every day, he brings home stacks of papers that he needs to review, update, or store for future reference. Over time, these documents have started piling up around his workspace at home, creating a cluttered and disorganized environment. The piles of papers make it difficult for him to find specific documents quickly, which slows down his work and increases his stress. Throwing away the papers is not a good option because many of them contain important information that he might need in the future for his projects or client references. However, keeping all the papers physically takes up too much space and makes his work area look messy.

# data[].attributes.body
User:Parents

Problem: After children play with their toys, the place is messy and there is no designated place to keep the toys.The area wont look neat and tidy afer the children play with the toys

solution: make a designated box where the children can keep their toys

# data[].attributes.body
User:an elderly

Problem:Elderly shoppers often face difficulties when shopping alone in supermarkets, especially when carrying heavy baskets or reaching for items on higher shelves. This problem usually happens during their regular grocery trips in the daytime, where standard baskets or trolleys can be too heavy and hard to control. As a result, shopping becomes tiring and inconvenient for them. A possible design solution could help make their shopping experience easier, safer, and more comfortable by improving how they carry or organize their groceries.

consideration:Elderly shoppers often struggle with carrying or pushing heavy baskets in supermarkets. A design solution could help make their shopping experience easier, safer, and more comfortable.

# data[].attributes.body
Problem situation: I want to carry my cat without needing to carry her with my hands. My cat is scared of going outside so the only way to bring her out for a walk is by carrying her. I once tried a makeshift sling carrier with a long cloth and let the cloth hang on one of my shoulders while shes inside to carry her while my hands are free. Unfortunately, she is quite heavy, so my shoulder will be very tired after mere minutes of just carrying her in the makeshift sling.

Targeted audience: all ages who love their pets dearly that they wanna carry it like a baby.

Considerations: What if the other people's measurements and pet's measurements differ from mine? How to make it more comfortable for everyday use?

# data[].attributes.body
user: My cousin

problem: She tend to buy more makeup for herself, ending up with not enough storage for the items.This leads to her putting it on one side leaving the makeup table and drawers completely full. Makeup items are scattered everywhere which also makes it hard for her to find what she needs and forcing me to help her find them. Some items even fall and break because of the limited space.

Considerations: She should see if it can be rearranged or expanded to fit new items.She should also think about what type of organizers such as drawers, containers, or makeup holders would best help keep the items neat. Considering which makeup items are used most often so those can be placed in easily accessible spots, while less used ones can be stored away or give it away to younger siblings or relatives can help with keeping the whole room clean.

Design Brief: The makeup storage solution should be compact enough to fit on a vanity table or in a small space, yet spacious enough to store various makeup items neatly. It should be made from durable and easy-to-clean materials such as wood or plastic. The design must include multiple compartments or drawers to separate different types of makeup like lipsticks, foundations, and brushes, ensuring that everything is well-organized and easy to reach. The design should be lightweight for easy movement, and affordable to suit the user’s budget. In addition, it should be stable and safe to prevent items from falling, made from eco-friendly or recyclable materials if possible, and easy to clean and maintain for long-term use.

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Problem situation 1:

Artists, people who enjoy doing arts and crafts and I often face difficulties keeping their art supplies, such as colour pencils, paintbrushes, and other materials organized and easy to access. They need a practical and portable storage solution that helps them keep their tools neat, protected, and ready for use wherever they go.

Considerations:

I will design and create a portable art supply bag that helps artists and craft enthusiasts keep their materials neatly organized. The product will have separate compartments for different art tools such as brushes, paints, colour pencils, and sketchbooks. It should be lightweight, durable, and easy to clean. The design will focus on both functionality and aesthetic appeal, making it practical and visually attractive for creative users.

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I have family members who find that the chairs we have at home are not suitable and comfortable to sit in as it affects their posture.

Design brief: To design a portable, foldable chair whose height can easily adjust for comfort, ergonomics, and storage efficiency

it includes foldable backrest and legs for compact storage and sliding legs with locking pins to adjust to the user's height.

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User: Mother

Problem: As my mother makes some meals, especially soups, and there are leftovers, she struggles to transfer the leftovers from the pot to another container, and soup spills a little. This causes the area of spillage to get dirty and slippery, causing insects to appear, and if left untouched, someone could potentially slip on the soup

Considerations: Design a pot with a little curved, pointed platform to direct the soup to the container you want to transfer it to. This can help to prevent spillage and wastage of soup, keeping the floor clean and safe for everyone.

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Think about the USER - research who is the user, what are their actual needs, why do they face that particular problem

FUNCTION - what are the various key functions that are important, what are some critical dimensions.

ENVIRONMENT - where are they using this product? what are some issues the user is facing?

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As mentioned to you, the Sec 4 NA coursework is only 20 weeks of work, It is very fast and we should be getting out 2026 D&T NA Theme sometime in 2026 (Term 1 Week 3).

So in the meantime, to kickstart the progress we can look at the following theme for the past years.

2022 O Level – Securing, NA level – Carrying

2023 O Level – Transferring, NA level – Cooking

2024 O level – Cleaning, NA level – Repairing

2025 O level - Displaying, NA level - Shopping

I want you to take reference for the themes, and to come up with 3 problem situation, basing of UFE (User, Functions, Environment). Listing down the 5W (who, what, when, where, why) the problem is likely to happen. Put your thoughts into the Padlet.

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Design Specifications - at least 6 to 8 good ones is sufficient. What is a good specification - it is measurable & defined.

Weight, size, length of time, etc

F - Function

A - Aesthetics

M - Materials

E - Environment or Ergonomics

S - Safety

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user: students and teachers is applicable

problem: in classrooms, some students may be too shy or afraid to ask questions during lessons. they worry that their classmates might laugh at them for asking '' stupid'' questions. because of this, the students tends to stay quiet even when they dont understand the topic. this may affect their learning and teachers may not realise that some students need more help or needs extra help.

Considerations: the solution should be safe, easy and simple to use for all students. it should encourage participation without making anyone feel embarssed or exposed. materials used can be metal, cardboard or plastic. it should be durable and lightweight

Design brief: the box should be medium size but large enough to hold several questions slips. made out of cardboard for mainly the body, plastic can be used for the transparent cover at the front or label area and the metal should be used as the screws or a small lock to secure the pieces of wood together. it should have a small slot so that students can slot in the papers iinnto the box. a lit or door so that the teachers can easily take out the letters without damaging the structure. should be strong enough to last long and should be able to hold more than 30 papers.

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User: My dog

Problem : As dogs uses their tongue to lick the food up when they eat, thus when my dog consumes his food, the food will get all over the place and may splash everywhere around the feeding area. Over time, this would cause the moisture from the food to seep into the floor, causing mold growth.

Floor repair would cost a lot of money. Another issue is the dog having to eat food from the floor which causes discomfort and hygiene issues.

Considerations: Design a dog feeder to solve two main issues, to provide the dog with a comfortable eating environment which is also to improve their posture and to prevent the repair of floor when damage is caused.