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DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (GOAL 8)

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DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (GOAL 8)

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I decided to start my investigation in the economics center of the Sustainable Development Goals, Guaranteed employment for all men gives the opportunity of an sharpening living standard.

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Progress towards achieving SDG8 has been challenging and the world is far from reaching most of the targets. The lingering effects of COVID-19, cost-of-living crises, trade tensions, uncertain monetary policy paths, rising debts in developing countries, and the war in Ukraine can each significantly set back global economic growth. Combined, these crises are placing the global economy under a serious threat. Global real GDP per capita is forecast to slow down in 2023, putting at risk not just employment and income but also advances in equitable pay for women and decent work for young people. Achieving SDG8 will require a wholesale reform of our morally bankrupt financial system in order to tackle rising debts, economic uncertainties and trade tensions, while promoting equitable pay and decent work for young people.

* Target 8.1: Following a sharp decline of 4.1% in 2020, global real GDP per capita increased by 5.0% in 2021. However, growth in global real GDP per capita is forecast to slow down to 2.1% in 2022 and further to 1.0% in 2023, before recovering somewhat to a growth rate of 1.8% in 2024. The growth in real GDP of LDCs slowed down from 5% in 2019 to just 0.2% in 2020 before recovering to 2.6% in 2021. It is expected that the growth in real GDP of LDCs would strengthen to 4.3% in 2022 and to 4.4% and 5.4% in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
* Target 8.2: After a sharp decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, labour productivity rebounded in 2021 by 2.4%. Productivity growth slowed in 2022, increasing by only 0.5%. However, even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, productivity growth had been slowing around the world. The latest estimates extend the downward growth trend, from an average annual rate of 1.8% between 2000-14 to 1.4% between 2015-22.
* Target 8.3: Globally, 58.0% of those employed were in informal employment in 2022, amounting to around 2 billion workers in precarious jobs, most lacking any form of social protection. Prior to the onset of the pandemic, the incidence of informal employment had been slowly declining and stood at 57.8% in 2019. The pandemic resulted in a disproportionate job loss for informal workers, particularly for women, in 2020. The subsequent recovery from COVID-19 has been driven by informal employment, which has caused a slight increase in the incidence of informality.
* Target 8.5: Equal treatment in employment, including fair and equitable earnings, is fundamental for achieving decent work for all. The median gender pay gap across 102 countries is approximately 14%. However, this calculation is only based on average hourly earnings, thus not controlling for characteristics such as the sector or occupation, educational level or amount of work experience.
* Target 8.5: The global unemployment rate declined significantly in 2022, falling to 5.8% from a peak of 6.9% in 2020 as economies began recovering from the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite an uncertain global economic outlook, unemployment is projected to increase only moderately, as a large part of the shock is being absorbed by falling real wages in an environment of accelerating inflation. Global unemployment is projected to edge up slightly in 2023, by around 3 million, to reach 208 million, corresponding to an unemployment rate of 5.8%.
* Target 8.6: Globally, nearly one in four (23.5%) young people were not in education, employment, or training (NEET) in 2022. Although this is a slight decrease since 2020, when the NEET rate was at an all-time high, it remains above the 2015 baseline of 22.2% and a long way from the 2030 target.
* Target 8.7: The latest estimates indicate that the number of children in child labour rose to 160 million worldwide at the beginning of 2020 - an increase of 8.4 million children in the last four years. This translates to almost 1 in 10 of all children in child labour worldwide.
* Target 8.9: The share of tourism in global GDP nearly halved in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 data shows a very modest 6% upturn, indicating that tourism's economic contribution is on the path to recovery.
* Target 8.10: Accelerated adoption of digital solutions is transforming access to finance. Globally, in 2021, 76% of adults had an account at a bank or regulated institution such as a credit union, microfinance institution, or a mobile money service provider, an increase from 62% in 2014.

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Goal 8 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs

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Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

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The whole purpose the economic growth and decent work is to provide a positive financial development for every national globally, alongside raising concerns about workers rights and environmental rights.

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The UN made a guide for businesses (Which can be applied towards multinational or family businesses) that consist of the following step by step: Maintain your license to continue, label sustainability as a main goal, and insinuate your model towards other competition.

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Workers in third world countries are usually victims of our rich people's actions, slaving away. This shows how we can improve and enhance better.

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What measurements have taken place in order to combat issues about environment and worker rights around the world ?

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I learnt about the industrial sector in peripherical countries alongside their statusus , appearing that much work must be done, specially after the COVID 10 pandemic and quarantine.

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This video; short but informative explains the concepts, examples, inquiries of goal 9. Alongside examples of Infrastructure development in Central American Countries (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras)

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Understand Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (Secondary)

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Despite the internet, remote areas are unable to communicate with us due to the scarcity in 5G towers, this is enhanced by the fact that theirdworld nations have 4% of towers evenly coveraged. The internet providers here have shown to be lacking in efficiency when embarked in this issue.

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How can we link goal 8 (decent work and economic growth) towards goal 9 with their industry/innovation sector ?

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Studying further made me notice the intertwined realities and similarities with decent work and industry/innovation. Firtly the framework it requires for economic growth to initiate begins with innovation in the industrial sector, better efficiency and ideas takes off decent work. I think I want to research labor unions in the U.S in order to reach a sense of conscience among the U.S working and how they can work in order to reach a deal with the managers.

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Industrial work in the peripherical countries has decreased due to the quarantine time.

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What is the best out-come when Goal 8 and 9 are under gestation,, or halfway under development ? (Hint: what was the first goal ?)

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This is one of many examples of labor union strikes in action in the U.S. I'm currently now researching on a national level in how labor Unions in the present affect the process of decent work and industries for the good or bad.

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2023 Writers Guild of America strike - Wikipedia

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From May 2 to September 27, 2023, the Writers Guild of America (WGA)—representing 11,500 screenwriters[2]—went on strike over a labor dispute with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP).[3][4] Lasting 148 days, the strike is tied with the 1960 strike as the second-longest labor stoppage actioned by the WGA, only behind the 1988 strike (153 days).[5][6] Alongside the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike, which lasted between July and November, it was part of a series of broader Hollywood labor disputes. Both strikes contributed to the biggest interruption to the American film and television industries since the COVID-19 pandemic.

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A survey from this month (2025 August), stating that public opinion of unions has remained on a high steady line, for 5 straight years ! There seems to be shift pattern when we ask Republican/Democrat surveyors this question. Republic and dependent ones seems to be less tolerant of Unions. (See the next picture for clarification)

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(Referring to the previous post)

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If you were wondering the reasoning for the involvement of Public Opinion about unions, it's for deeper understanding of when assessing our research question. Systematic or cultural aspects of a society can alter labor union's presence, actions, and capability.

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 GOING BACK ! Their solution: Organizing !

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 GOING BACK ! Their solution: Organizing !

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During the writers protest, with their effort the AMPTP was forced to negociate thanks to loud voices being shared via articles, social media, flyers, and broadcasting. If we get together to raise awareness about current cut, lay offs, and other concerns regarding employees vs employers. Pass out flyers, post on social media, even talking with people can get them to figure it out !

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Hollywood writers ratify 2023 tentative agreement with AMPTP

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Hollywood writers in the Writers Guild of America have ratified the 2023 tentative agreement with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers.

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The industrial sector with manufacturing has steadily increased in some semi-peripherical countries. Specially in Brazil where a reported 34% boost in the mineral producing sector appeared.

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part of the population would argue that by proving better jobs and moving them would increase livability but what I would prefer is to improve the conditions of these favelas instead of demolishing them. The Favela bairro project was created to help this ruckus, this project has helped over 450,00 people ! Building electrical grids, accessible water sources (water tanks,piping), infrastructure, and schools.

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The Favela-Bairro Program - in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - marked a shift in the 1940s perception of how to deal with the informal city, oriented to social eradication and slums clearance as an apathetic and violent response from the government. Instead, the program developed slum upgrading projects, providing basic sanitation, streets for better circulation of cars and services, underground infrastructure (burying electric power lines), and spaces for the community. Jauregui's work acts in the division between the formal and the informal city, promoting the hybridization of these zones towards a more integrated Rio de Janeiro. Jauregui's team has turned many favelas into Bairros where houses are identified, streets are named, and driveable roads with underground infrastructure are provided, improving navigation and access to essential services and sanitation by the population. Safer sidewalks lead pedestrians to recreational facilities and social centers. The Project created more integrated neighborhoods with connectivity and better livelihood. Jauregui's team preceded the design with an interdisciplinary site-analysis methodology, accommodating different points of view collected on-site visits, conversations with favela leaders, mapping, and dialogues with the community. Jauregui's work changed the reality in the following communities: Fernão Cardim, Fuba-Campinho, Salgueiro, Vidigal, Rio das Pedras, and Macacos (from 850 to 12000 families each). As a result, nearly 450,000 people in 105 shantytowns were positively affected by the Project. Each community had solutions specific to its needs, respecting the local character of the neighborhood and residents. Fuba and Campinho, for example, are two different favelas now linked by the Project that provided infrastructure for various age groups, skilling facilities, and sports equipment. Salgueiro's intervention focused on the importance of soccer and samba for the community through a new stadium and rehearsal hall, among other improvements. Vidigal intervention provided a new road to facilitate access to services and public transportation in a community located on steep terrain. Fernao Cardim's intervention linked the favela to the city through the Faria River, where sanitation infrastructure was also provided. These are some - but not all - interventions implemented to improve the quality of life in the many communities where the Favela-Bairro project intervened. Designers integrated the favelas in two ways: first, by providing better circulation routes and access to essential services; second, by dissolving the favelas' edges with the formal city through communal equipment that facilitated interactions between residents. The Favela Bairro project was successful because it was sensitive to each population's cultural nuances and socio-economical needs. Thus, the Project's great value resides in the Urban Design's potential to change unequal realities by empowering marginalized groups to revitalize their own communities.

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The Favela-Bairro Program - in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - marked a shift in the 1940s perception of how to deal with the informal city, oriented to social eradication and slums clearance as an apathetic and violent response from the government.