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Saturation describes the intensity of the color. And lightness refers to how light or dark the color is. A grayscale or black-and-white photo has no color saturation, while a full-color photo of a field of sunlit wildflowers might be extremely saturated.

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The Move tool helps you position selected content or layers when customizing your work. Select the Move tool (V) . Use the Options bar to customize tool settings, like Alignment and Distribution, to get the effect you want. Click on an element—like a layer, selection or artboard—to move it.

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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describes a common type of image sensor format that's used in film photography/filmmaking.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective, while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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Line is a point that continues; it implies motion. Lines are open and lead the eyes into a photograph or to an interesting point of the photo. The Lines may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

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A two dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width shape.

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An element of art made up of three properties, hue, value, and intensity

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth

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Balance is the distribution of an objects visual weight. If both sides of the object are the same, it is symmetrical, and if they are different it is asymmetrical. Objects that are arranged to go around a central point are radial.

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Artist use movement to lead your attention from one aspect to another, or to show action or direction.

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Repetition is when their one shape, line, or color being used over and over again in the same exact order. Pattern is when their is a combination of multiple shapes, lines, or colors in the same order. Rhythm is when their are multiple shapes, lines, or colors over and over but not in the same order

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Unity is used when their are parts being joined together to make a whole. The parts work together to create the meaning. Parts that are close, aligned, or similar are easier to unify

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Emphasis creates the center of interest or focal point. It is the place seen first, as well as grabbing peoples attention. This happens with things that are contrasted, focused, bigger, repeated, colorful, detailed, or isolated.

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Variety is when their are different objects, patterns, colors, shapes, or lines being used to add interest to a design.

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Proportion is the relationship between the size of each part and whole of the parts. A change in proportion can change the scale, which changed the way we see things.

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It is a form of symmetrical balance where elements within an image radiate outwards from a central point. This way, they can create an even pattern, adding depth and visual movement to the picture.

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The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis. It is created when two halves of your scene look the same and balance each other out.

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it has unequal visual weight on either side. But those visual elements balance out each other. This means that an asymmetrical photo still follows the rules of composition.

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The definition of juxtaposition is placing two things together to show contrast or similarities. In photography, we use composition, forced perspectives or props to convey the contrasts in the picture.

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Abstract photography consists of images created using photography materials and equipment that do not have an immediate association with the physical world. Abstract photographers use perspective, movement, and light to transform the world we see into an unexpected, often unrecognizable image.

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Cool colors are typified by blue, green, and light purple. They can calm and soothe. Where warm colors remind you of heat and sunshine, cool colors remind you of water and sky, even ice and snow.

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One group of colors in the color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors.

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different color lighting. Examples of neutral colors include beige, taupe, gray, cream, brown, black, and white. While neutral colors are not on the color wheel, they complement primary and secondary colors.

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors. Complementary colors may also be called "opposite colors".

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Monochromatic colors are all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints. Tints are achieved by adding white and shades and tones are achieved by adding a darker color, grey or black.

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An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing. For example, the Canny edge detector uses image gradient for edge detection.

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A “constructive critique” is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve.

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In other words, plagiarism is the act of putting one's own name to another person's work and that can be writings, ideas or visual media. It is generally considered to have occurred when someone takes/uses another person's work or part of someone's work and makes it appear to be his/her own.

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Photography ethics are the principles that guide how we take and share photographs. Photography ethics are subjective, contextual, and fluid, meaning that every person's ethics will be different, because ethics are based on a person's life experience and values.

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Objective photography is an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice. To create an unbiased photographic image or documentary.

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Subjective photography is the creative or artistic process. The aim is to make a personal interpretation, a composition to capture and create an image with style. The photograph may be of anything, an individual or group of people, objects, location or a landscape.

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Basically, copyright law says that when you take a photograph, you become the copyright owner of the image created. This means you hold exclusive rights to: Reproduce the photograph. Display the image in a public space. Distribute the photo.

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Use the ® symbol: Trademarking your image gives you legal permission to use the ® trademark symbol with them. The ® symbol is “public notice” that your image trademark is protected under federal law.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots.

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Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,

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The golden ratio is a guide to where to place a subject (a tree, person, building, etc.) or element in a photo (like the horizon) where it will be most pleasing to the eye.

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Negative space photography is related to minimalist photography. It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject. The viewer's eyes may be drawn to a central figure, but they can't help noticing the large section of emptiness that surrounds and defines that figure.

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Simply put, positive space is the actual subject while negative space (also called white space) is the area surrounding the subject. The latter acts as breathing room for your eyes. Too little negative space results in cluttered and busy photographs with every element in the photo screaming for the viewer's attention.

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Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject. Backlighting is a popular technique among skilled photographers, but it can also present unique challenges for exposure and composition.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb.

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Ambient light is any light a photographer or cinematographer did not bring to the shoot. Also known as available light, it's any light that you haven't set up yourself. This includes natural light or even pre-existing lighting built in and around the location where you're shooting.

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Chiaroscuro, is an Italian term that refers to the intense contrast of light (chiar) and dark (oscuro) in art, famously used in the paintings of Rembrandt or Caravaggio to create a strong and dramatic mood.

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A silhouette is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background. Silhouette pictures usually show the subject in profile.

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Diptychs are a set of two photos you can use to tell a story and emphasizes contrast. Or you can create one composition using two entirely different images. The word itself comes from ancient Greek. Think of diptychs as collages.

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A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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An orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3D object by using several 2D views of the object. Orthographic drawings are also known as multiviews. The most commonly used views are top, front, and right side.

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Barrel distortion is created by the curved shape of the lens. Because the lens is curved, the centre of the photo is magnified slightly more than the edges. That makes straight lines appear to curve around the edge of the image. The wider the lens, the more extreme the optical distortion.

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Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device. The first digital cameras used charge-coupled devices, facilitating movement of the electrical charge through the device so it could be modulated

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film. So, grain is an inherent part of a film image.

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In digital photographs, the term noise refers to a certain type of visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photography, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph.

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The “f” in f-stop stands for the focal length of the lens. While focal length itself refers to the field of view of a lens, f-stop is about how much light you allow to hit the sensor via the aperture opening.

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What is aperture in photography? Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

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Bring style to your photos with bokeh backgrounds. By blurring the background of your photos with a bokeh effect is a stylistic technique that can produce appealing, professional-looking images. Bokeh helps your subject pop in the image to make the emphasis of your photo strikingly clear.

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As a result, depth of field (DoF) is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an image. The distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF near limit.

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The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity. Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot. This can be good if you have no idea of what settings to choose and also when you need to shoot quickly.

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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In digital photography, camera technology now features modes that can help adjust those settings for you. One of those modes is aperture priority. With it, the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.

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In Shutter Priority mode, you set the shutter speed of your camera. Your camera then sets the aperture that complements your shutter speed to make sure the image is well-exposed. Aperture Priority mode is the reverse, where you select the aperture and your camera sets the shutter speed.

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In program mode the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture. For any given brightness of light, the camera has been programmed to set a specific combination of shutter speed and aperture. In low light, for example, the camera might set 1/30 second and f4.

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Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography.

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”). Much of the rest of the design is similar across both accessories.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time. The resulting image captures the trail of moving objects in front of the camera, while showing still elements razor sharp.

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The word or text time-lapse photography, according to the English dictionary (or Time lapse accéléré in French) , is a cinematography method in which a photographer takes a series of still pictures of the same frame at regular intervals over some time, then plays the whole sequence back in fast succession.

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Light painting is a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.

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What is spot metering? Whereas multi-segment or multi-zone metering takes exposure readings from across the whole image frame, in spot metering mode the camera takes a measurement from a single point or spot. This area is often at the centre of the frame, but it may be linked to the active AF point.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful. It is useful for back-lit shots or tiny subjects.

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Centre-weighted Average metering is like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point. It places greater emphasis on the centre area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A shadow is the result of the relationship between the subject's location and the direction of the light source. With front light, the shadow falls behind the subject. When side lit, it appears on the opposite side that's lit.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama. If a photo has poor dynamic range, the image can appear flat or gray.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Technically speaking, sepia toning is a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound. This changes the color of the resulting image and makes the photo more resistant to environmental pollutants. This helps photos hold up over time.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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Basically, when you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures. This technique gives you a range of options to choose from when you're editing. As a result, it's much less likely that you'll end up with a badly underexposed or overexposed photo.

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In photography, exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV (for any fixed scene luminance).

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure. It lets you take control of your image's brightness by manually increasing or decreasing exposure.

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White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are arranged. A workspace can also change which tools are available in the Toolbar and how the Toolbar is organized.