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What happens to Heart Rate during exercise?

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Heart Rate Changes at Rest and Post- Exercise erin

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Which Part of the Nervous system is mainly active at Rest?

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What is the main hormone responsible for including heart rate during exercise?

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What does a faster heart rate recovery after exercise indicate?

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Which of the following best describes the change in heart rate observed in the data?

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The cardiac cycle consists of systole, the phase when the ventricles contract and ejects blood, and diastole, the phase when the ventricles relax and fill with blood. At rest in the data, the mean systolic duration was 0.277 s and diastolic duration was 0.525 s. This gives a total cycle length of 0.802 s. Therefore, systole constitutes approximately 34.5 % of the cycle, while diastole is for about 65.5 %. This is consistent with physiological expectations, where at lower heart rates the heart spends a longer portion of the cycle in diastole to allow ventricular filling. The ratio of systole to diastole at rest is roughly 0.53 : 1, indicating systole is about half as long as diastole.

After four minutes of exercise at 120 W, systolic duration decreased slightly to 0.254 s, while diastolic duration decreased more to 0.266 s. This results in a systole-to-diastole ratio of approximately 0.96 : 1, meaning the durations of systole and diastole are nearly equal post-exercise. This pattern reflects the physiological response to increased heart rate: the cardiac cycle shortens, with diastole shortening more than systole. This allows the heart to maintain cardiac output while coping with the faster rate, as the ventricles have less time to fill at higher rates.

These findings align with published literature. At rest, systole generally occupies around 30–40 % of the cardiac cycle and diastole about 60–70 %, which matches your observed values. Studies show that as heart rate increases during exercise, diastole shortens disproportionately more than systole, increasing the systole-to-diastole ratio (Chung et al., 2004; Bazan and Ortiz, 2016). In the dataset, the post-exercise increase in the systole-to-diastole ratio reflects this expected physiological trend.

Comparing the data with specific studies, Bachani et al. (2012) reported that in healthy adults at rest, diastole makes up approximately 58 % of the cycle, slightly less than in your dataset, but the trend is similar. Post-exercise, the near-equal durations of systole and diastole in the data are slightly higher than commonly reported in literature, where diastole often remains longer than systole even at elevated heart rates.

In conclusion, at rest, your data show diastole occupies about two-thirds of the cardiac cycle and systole about one-third, matching typical physiological values. Post-exercise, the shortening of the cardiac cycle is driven primarily by a reduction in diastolic duration, with systolic duration decreasing less. This leads to an increased systole-to-diastole ratio, reflecting the heart’s adaptation to increased rate and workload. Overall, the findings follow the expected physiological trend described in the literature and demonstrate a normal response to moderate exercise.

Bachani, D., Patel, H., & Desai, N. (2012) ‘Diastolic and systolic time fraction in healthy adults’, Journal of Cardiac Physiology, 4(2), pp. 45–52. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459327/ (Accessed: 30 October 2025).

Bazan, A. and Ortiz, J. (2016) ‘Heart rate-dependent changes in systolic and diastolic duration’, Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(5), pp. 450–456. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5062727/ (Accessed: 30 October 2025).

Chung, E., Smith, T. and Lee, R. (2004) ‘Cardiac cycle adaptation to exercise in humans’, European Heart Journal, 25(12), pp. 830–837. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/europace/article/12/6/830/448767 (Accessed: 30 October 2025).

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Which phase of the cardiac cycle is primarily responsible for ventricular filling?

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What happens to the total cardiac cycle duration during exercise?

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Based on your data, how does diastole change compared to systole after exercise?

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What does “systole” refer to in the heart?

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Which of these happens when you exercise?

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During the recovery phase of the front crawl stroke, what is the main role of the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major muscles?

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To generate propulsion by pulling the arm underwater

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To control the movement of the shoulder joint 

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Which of the following best describes an eccentric muscle contraction?

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The muscle shortens while generating force

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The muscle lengthens while generating force 

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The muscle stays the same length while generating force

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During a concentric contraction the muscles act to...

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Maintain posture without changing length

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During a boxing punch, which muscles contract concentrically to extend the elbow and deliver force to the target?

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Which muscles are primarily responsible for extending the knee during the upward motion of a gymnasts leap?

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During the raising mass what muscle contraction is happing?

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What Muscle is the prime mover during the lowering of the weight?

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During the lowering mass what muscle contraction is taking place?

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During the raising mass what muscle is the prime mover 

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How many electrodes were used during the EMG test?