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Technically, the steam engine was created in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. It was first used in coal mines to remove the water which was beneficial to the start of the industrial period. This invention is critical to the industrial revolution because James Watt, a Scottish engineer ended up improving the build of the machine for efficiency purposes (Late 18th Century). This made the steam engine a key to being the success in factory's during the Industrial Revolution because it enabled mass production and long distance transport. This also when urbanization started to occur as many were leaving the countryside for larger cities as that's were the economy was growing.

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Alexander Graham Bell, invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone converted sound waves into electrical signals that travelled through wires. Bell actually founded the Bell Telephone Company that is now today's AT&T. This improved communications as they went from sending morse code to being able to actually say what you wanted.

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Invented by Nikolaus Otto, it enabled cars and planes, paving the way for global and personal transport. The function of the internal combustion engine was to burn fuel inside a closed off chamber. Additionally, it created new industries such as oil, road construction and automotive. This changed how people lived and worked, as it reshaped cities, neighborhood's and traffic systems.

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The second industrial revolution is defined by the shift from coal and steam to electricity. It was the new source of power for cities, homes, and factories. Thomas Edison, all though he did not create the light bulb, he made his lighting and commercialized it in 1879. Joesph Swan on the other hand introduced practical light bulbs in 1878.

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The Spinning Jenny was an additional key invention for the Industrial Revolution. It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves and it boosted textile manufacturing by allowing a worker to weave multiple threads at once. Like the steam engine the Spinning Jenny did too boost factories by labor costs dropping and production rising.

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The steam engine was not just powering factories, but also railways. George Stephenson was the so called "Father of Railways". The invention of railways lowered the cost of shipping, boosted trade and connected markets. It also moved people quicker from point A to B.

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A device that sent coded electrical signals over wires using morse code. This is how morse code came to be. Invented in 1873 by Samuel Morse and Charles Wheatstone. The greatest impact of the electrical telegraph was that it enabled communications around the world, which was great for military use.

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The Bessemer Process, removed flaws from iron quickly like carbon which made the possibility of producing masses of steel simpler and more affordable. Process was invented in 1854 and was crucial for machines and railways. It revolutionized infrastructure for example with ships, trains, and bridges.