# data[].attributes.body
1. Simple Present Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that are habitual, general truths, or facts.

- Structure: Subject + base form of the verb (+s/es for third person singular).

－ Auxiliary do and does for negative sentences and questions.

2. Present Continuous Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions happening now or around the present time.

- Structure: Subject + am/is/are + present participle (-ing form of the verb).

3. Present Perfect Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that happened at an unspecified time before now or have relevance to the present.

- Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle of the verb.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that started in the past and continue into the present or have just stopped.

- Structure: Subject + has/have been + present participle (-ing form of the verb).

5. Simple Past Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that occurred in the past.

- Structure: Subject + past tense of the verb.

6. Past Continuous Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past.

- Structure: Subject + was/were + present participle (-ing form of the verb).

7. Past Perfect Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions completed before a certain point in the past.

- Structure: Subject + had + past participle of the verb.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that were ongoing for a period of time before another past action.

- Structure: Subject + had been + present participle (-ing form of the verb).

9. Simple Future Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that will occur in the future.

- Structure: Subject + will/shall + base form of the verb.

10. Future Continuous Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that will be ongoing at a certain time in the future.

- Structure: Subject + will/shall be + present participle (-ing form of the verb).

11. Future Perfect Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

- Structure: Subject + will/shall have + past participle of the verb.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

- Usage: Used for actions that will be ongoing for a period of time before a specific future time.

- Structure: Subject + will/shall have been + present participle (-ing form of the verb).

# data[].attributes.body
Past tenses:

1/ Simple past: Describe actions that happened at a specific time in the past

S + V-ed/V2

2/ Past continuous: Describes ongoing actions that were happening at a particular moment in the past

S + was/were + V-ing

3/ Past perfect: Describes actions that were completed before another action in the past

S + had + V-ed/V3

4/ Past perfect continuous: Describes actions that were ongoing in the past up until another action or point in time

S + had + been + V-ing

Present tenses:

5/ Simple present: Describes habitual actions, general truths, states of being and schedules

S + V (s/es)

6/ Present continuous: Describes actions currently in progress

S + be (am/is/are) + V-ing

7/ Present perfect: Describes actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and have relevance to the present

S + have/has + V-ed/V3

8/ Present perfect continuous: Describes actions that began in the past and are still continuing or have recently stopped

S + have/has + been + V-ing

Future tenses:

9/ Simple future: Describes a future event or a state of being

S + will + V

10/ Simple future continuous: Describes ongoing actions at a future time

S + will + be + V-ing

11/ Future perfect: Describes actions that have been completed by a certain future time

S + will have + V-ed/V3

12/ Future perfect continuous: Describes actions that will be ongoing up until at specific future moment

S + will have + been + V-ing

# data[].attributes.body
1. Present Simple: S+ V1 + O (an event is happening right now)

2. Present Continuous: S+ am/is/are + V_ing+ O (an ongoing activity that is happening now)

3. Present Perfect: S+ have/has + V3 + O (a past event that’s still happening in the present)

4. Present Perfect Continuous: S+ have/has been + V_ing+ O (an ongoing action that began in the past and  is still occurring in the present)

5. Past Simple: S + V2 + O (is used to describe an action that took place in the past and is now completed)

6. Past Continuous: S + was/were + V_ing + O (describes an action that was happening at a specific time in the past or was interrupted by another action)

7. Past Perfect: S + had + V3 + O (is used to describe an ongoing action that was happening before another action in the past)

8. Past Perfect Continuous: S + had been + V_ing + O (is used to describe an ongoing action that was happening before another action in the past)

9. Present Simple: S+ V1 + O (an event is happening right now)

10. Present Continuous: S+ am/is/are + V_ing+ O (an ongoing activity that is happening now)

11. Present Perfect: S+ have/has + V3 + O (a past event that’s still happening in the present)

12. Present Perfect Continuous: S+ have/has been + V_ing+ O (an ongoing action that began in the past and is still occurring in the present)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Future simple: mix up between how to use “be going to” and “will”

2. Students usually focus on "signal words" when they do grammar exercises

3. When constructing sentences with a past context, students frequently make errors in their use of the simple present tense.

4. Errors in matching nouns and verbs.

5. Students sometimes have trouble in using regular/irregular verbs

# data[].attributes.body
12 tenses:

1.      Present Simple

S + Vs/es + O

Usage: habit, routine, truth
2.      Present Continuous

S + be V_ing + O

Usage: for the specific plaṇ̣, action which is happening around the time of speaking
3.      Present Perfect

S + have/has + Ved/pp + O

Usage: describe an action perform during a period and has not finished yet
4. S + have/has + been + V_ing
Usage:
5. S + V2/ed + O
Usage: describe actions that finished in the past
6. S + was/were + V_ing + O
Usage: describe incomplete actions going on in the past.
7. S + had + V3/ed + O
8. S + was/were + V_ing + O
9.      Future Simple

S + will + Vo  + O
Usage: offer, spontaneous decision, prediction, personal opinion
10.   Future Continuous

S +  will + be  + Ving + O
Usage: action will be in progress
11.   Future Perfect

S  + will + have + pp + O
Usage: action will be completed before a certain point in the future
12.   Future Perfect Continuous

S + will have been + Ving + O
Usage:  action will have been in progress for a period time before future

# data[].attributes.body
1. Students understand the tenses and the usage but may mix them up in Speaking. For e.g: Talking about an event in the past but use all verbs in present.

2. Wrong structure. For e.g: Instead of “They are talking”, students say "They talking."

3. They got confused between near future and future simple. They do not know when to use "be going to" and when to use "will."

4. Got confused of adverb of frequency in tenses. Especially "always".

5. Students have problems with the subject of the sentence, for e.g countable or uncountable nouns, they do not know which verb to be goes with these kind of subjects.

6. Negative and questions structures, students put "s/es" for regular verbs.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Present Simple: Ss confuse about the form of verbs, about "to be" verb

Ex: I studies English.

They is students.

2.Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
+ the confusing that two tenses express action in the past.

3. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous: Ss confuse about the time, both can use or express the present time.

Ex: I am studying now.
I study now.

# data[].attributes.body
1/ Students may be confused between tenses (simple past and present perfect, so on)

2/ Switch tenses unnecessarily

3/ Forget to use the accurate verb forms (e.g: buy -> buyed)

4/ Forget to use the structures of tenses (e.g: It's the first time I traveled to China)

5/ Need to understand the context or meaning of the sentences, depend on the adverbs too much

# data[].attributes.body
1.Present simple

Structure

Affirmative: Subject (S) + V (s/es) /to be (am/is/are) + O

Negative: S + to be + not + O or S + don't/doesn't + V + O

Question: to be + S + O ? or Do/does + S + V + O?

Usage

Habit

Facts/Truth

Common situation

States

2.Present Continuous

Structure

Affirmative: S + to be (am/is/are) + Ving + O

Negative: S + to be + not + Ving + O

Question: to be + S + Ving + O?

Usage

Happening action now

Near future

Annoy habit

3.Simple past

Structure

Affirmative: S + to be (was/were) + O or S + V(ed) + O

Negative: S + to be + not + O or S + didn't + V + O

Question: To be + S + O? or Did + S + V + O?

Usage

Action happened and ended in the past

Habit and Fact occurred in the past

4.Present perfect

Structure

Affirmative: S + have/has + V3/Ved

Negative: S + have/has + not + V3/Ved

Question: Have/has + S + V3/Ved?

Usage:

Action that happen in the past and continue occur in the present

Action happen in the past without specific time

Series actions continue up to now

5.Simple future

Structure

Affirmative: S + will + V

Negative: S + will + not + V

Question: Will + S + V?

Usage:

Action happen no plan

Predict happen in the future

Action occur when a speaker is talking

6.Near Future

Structure:

Affirmative: S + to be going to + V

Negative: S + To be NOT going to + V

Question: To be + S + going to + V?

Usage

Action happen with the plan

Predict action that has evidence

7.Past continuous

Structure:

Affirmative: S + to be (was/were) + Ving

Negative: S + to be + not + Ving

Question: to be + S + Ving?

Usage

Action was happening at the particular time in the past

2 action were happening at the same time