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Cell wall

1. What is function of cell wall?

A. Protect cell from environment
B. Function in mortality
C. For attachment of surface
D. For phagocytosis
Answer : A

2. Cell wall is located at?
a. In mitochondria
b. Surrounded the nucleus
c. Outer layer of cell
Answer : C

3. Which of following group has cell wall?
A. Bacteria, plant and animal
B.  Bacteria, fungi and plant
C. Bacteria, fungi, plant and animal
D. Bacteria and plant only
Answer : B

4. Is that cell wall is permeable to small molecules?
A) YES
B) NO
Answer :Yes

5. Bacteria cell wall is made up of ～
A) N-acetyl glucosamine
B) N-acetyl muramic acid
C) A and B
D) A, B and amino acid
Answer : C

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1. Which of the following is not a function of a glycoalyx?

a) It forms pseudopodia for faster motility of an organism.

b) It can protect a bacterial cell from dying out.

c) It hides a bacterial cell from other cells.

d) It allows a bacterium to stick to a host.

Ans: A

2. Why glycoalyx is important?

a) modulates adhesion between cells.

b) provides protection for cells.

c) help in protein synthesis.

d) responsible for holding a component of the cell and protects from the damage.

Ans: A

3. What cell secretes glycoalyx?

a) eukaryotic cell

b) epithelial cell

c) goblet cell

d) connectibe tissue cells

Ans: B

4. These are what glycoalyx made of, except?

a) proteoglycan

b) glycoprotein

c) glycolipid

d) glycogen

Ans: D

5. Glycoalyx can be found at the ….. membrane of the cells, while cell wall can be found ….. of the glycoalyx.

a) center, inner

b) nucleus, after

c) outermost, inside

d) inside, outermost

Ans: C

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1. What are fimbriae
A) structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside  the cell membrane
B) short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells
C) short pilus that attached to the host surface and help bacteria colonise ✅

2. Where are the fimbriae located in the prokaryotic cell
A) capsule
B) cell membrane
C) cell wall ✅

3. What are fimbriae compose of?
A) pilin ✅
B) flagellin
C) polysaccharides

4) What is the function of frimbriae?
A) To attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryotes ✅
B) To protect the inner part
C) Use for DNA exchange

5. Fimbriae able to help Escherichia coli to evade extracellular antibiotics because its increases the bacterial survival chances inside macrophage. The statement is:
A) true ✅
B) false

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1. Inclusion bodies are found in
A. prokaryotes
B. eukaryotes
C. prokaryotes and eukaryotes

2. How are the inclusion bodies formed?
A. suitable temperature
B. low pH value
C. during infectious disease
D. insoluble fusion proteins

3. Identify the inclusion bodies found in purple and green photosynthetic bacteria
A. Cyanophycean granules
B. Gas vacuoles
C. Ribosomes
D. Both (A&B)

4. All the following statement about inclusion bodies are true except
A. Inclusion bodies are not bound by any membrane
B. They lie free in the cytoplasm
C. Reserve material in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is stored in the form of inclusion bodies
D. Gas vacuoles and phosphate granules are example of inclusion bodies

5. Read the statements and select the suitable option.

Statement A: most of the pathogenic bacteria belong to gram-positive group
Statement B: phosphate granules and glycogen granules are inclusion bodies that lie free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

A. Statement A is correct and B id incorrect
B. Statement B is correct and A is incorrect
C. Both the statements are correct
D. Both the statements are incorrect

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1) What are the components of plasma membran
A) vitamin
B) lipid
C) protozoa
D) hemoglobin

2) What is the funtion of cell membran
A) cell membran
B) generate nenergy
C) carbohydrate hydrolysis
D) cell signaling

3) What best describe plasma membrane?
A) Separate the interior of the cell from the outside
B) too much fluid will cause animalncell burst
C)  produce protein during protein synthesis

4) What type of molecule forms the double layer of tge plasma membrane?
A) Deoxyribonucleic acid
B) Ribosome
C) Ion channels
D) Phospholipid

5) What are the components that can pass through the plasma membrane
A) water, gases,
B) vitamin, water
C) starch, fructose
D) lipid, amino acid

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1.Where is the cytoplasm in Eukaryote cell?

a. Between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane
b. Inside nuclear membrane
c. Fill the whole space bounded by the cell membrane
d. Outside nuclear membrane

2. The fusion of cytoplasm is known as:
A.Plasmogamy
B.Karyogamy
C.Progamy
D.Microgamy

3. The cytoplasm is defined as

a) cellular component inside the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope of the nucleus.
b) membranous granular structure
c) a selective barrier that allows nutrient to enter and waste products.
d) crll that contains enzymes that digest particles and disintergrate the cell after its death

4. Which of the following are shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes🦠:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cytoplasm and Nucleus
C) Cytoplasm and Mitochondria
D) Cytoplasm and Ribosomes

5. How does cytoplasm hold a cell's internal components in place?

a) The cytoplasm is fiilled with proteins that provide support

b) The cytoplasm is filled with pieces of fruit

c) The cytoplasm is too thick for anything to move around

d) The cytoplasm keeps everything tightly packed into one small space

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GROUP 16(K2)

RIBOSOME
1.Where are ribosomes produced in eukaryotic cells?
(a) outside of the cell
(b) in the cytoplasm
(c) in the nucleolus
(d) in the endoplasmic reticulum

2.Which letter is a picture of a ribosome?
answer choices
(a)E
(b)F
(c)G
(d)H

3. A ribosome can be best described as...

(a) a protein factory
(b)a trash collector
(c)the powerhouse of the cell
(d)the brain of the cell

4.Where can you find ribosomes?

(a)only in prokaryotic cells
(b)only in plant cells
(c)only in eukaryotic
(d)in both prokaryotic and  eukaryotic cells

5. What is yhe nucleuic acid that is included in the ribosome
(a) DNA
(b) tRNA
(c) rRNA
(d) mRNA

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1.This is not the function of plasma membrane

a) Energy transduction

b) Intercellular interactions

c) Responding to external stimuli

d) Assisting in chromosome segregation

2. In the plasma membrane, Glycolipids are usually situated in

a) cannot be predicted, it varies according to the cell types

b) inner leaflet of the plasma membrane

c) the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane

d) evenly distributed in both outer and inner leaves of plasma membrane

3. Plasma membrane is made up of

a) A protein, a lipid and a cellulose layer

b) Bimolecular lipid layer surrounded by protein layers

c) A protein layer between two lipid layers

d) A lipid layer between two protein layers

4.The fluidity of plasma membrane increase with

a) increase in saturated fatty acids in the membrane
b) increase in unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane
c) increase in phospholipid content in the membrane
d) increase in glycolipid content in the membrane

5. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the plasma membrane structure?
a) Protein molecules may be partially or wholy embedded
b) Phospholipids have a fluid consistency
c) The head of the phospholipids molecules is attracted toward water
d) Protein molecules are localized toward one side of the cell

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1. What is one of the parts of flagella?
a.mitochondria
b.basal body
c.nucleus
d.cytoplasm

2. Example bacteria for amphitrichous arrangement of flagella
a.Proteus sp.
b.Vibrio sp.
c.Spirillum sp
d Pseudomonas sp.

3. Flagella functions by converting
a. Mechanical energy to chemical energy
b. Chemical energy to mechanical energy
c. Mechanical energy to potential energy
d. Metabolic energy to chemical energy

4.Common staining used for flagella staining is?
a) Fuller stain
b) Leifson stain
c) Hucker's stain
d) Crystal violet

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1) Q : Cells that produce endospores
a. Gram-positive bacteria
b. Gram-negative bacteria

2) Q : Structure of endospores
a. Dehydrated , have a complete copy of chromosome, minimal concentrations of protein, ribosomes and calcium dipicolinate
b. Located at the central of the cell, control activity in the cells

3) Q : What is endospores ?
a. A resistant dormant structure formed by some Gram-positive bacteria
b. A reproductive unit capable of giving rise to individual without sexual fusion
c. A spore form by meiosis

4) Q : Counter or contrasting stain used during spore staining to stain the vegetative cell
a. Alcohol
b. Safranin
c. Iodine
d. CV

5) Bacterial spores are resistant to damage by which of the following ?
a. Heat
b. Freezing
c. Radiation
d. Chemical stains
e. All of it

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1) How does cytoplasm hold a cell's internal components in place?

a. The cytoplasm is filled with proteins that provide support

b. The cytoplasm is filled with pieces of fruit

c. The cytoplasm is too thick for anything to move around

d. The cytoplasm keeps everything tightly packed into one small space

2. What type of material is the cytoplasm?

a. Water soluble material

b. Permeable material

c. Fat soluble material

d. Colloidal material

3. The exchange of materials takes place between nucleus and cytoplasm with the help of
a. Nuclear pores
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Nucleus
d. Chromatin network

4. Which is not a function of cytoplasm
A. Provide support
b. Make proteins
c. Provide protection
d. Store molecules

5. The biochemical reactions and proper functioning of organelles takes place in
a. Cytoplasm
b. Nucleus
c. Golgi complex
d. Vacuoles

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1. How does glycocalyx protect the cell?

Glycocalyx extends from the membrane of endothelial cells to vascular lumen, prevents leukocytes and platelets from contacting with endothelial cells, and plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the internal environment.

2. Function of glycocalyx in bacteria.

Acts as a barrier for a cell from its surrounding and provides protection

3. Are glycocalyx negetively charged? Why?

Yes, it negatively charged due to the presence of anionic oligosaccharides, such as heparan sulfate, provides the glycocalyx layer with a characteristic negative charge.

4. What are the characteristic of the bacterial glycocalyx, except

A. viscous and sticky
B. composed of monosaccharide，polypeptide or both
C. gelatinous polymer
D. have slime layer

Ans: B

5. In a Bacterial Cell，the sticky feature is due to…
A. Cell wall
B. Nuclear membrane
C. Plasma membrane
D. Glycocalyx

Ans: D

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1.Endoplasmic reticulum membrane which is associated with ribosomes is called_______
a) ER lumen
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
d) Endosome
Ans :C
2. Ribosome are made up of
a) RNA only
b)RNA and proteins
c)RNA,DNA and proteins
d)Nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.
Ans :B
3. Ribosomes are present in
a) Eukaryotes only
b) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
c) Prokaryotes only
d) Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses
Ans: B
4. How many types of ribosomes are there ?
a)4
b)2
c)1
d)3
Ans :B
5. Which of the following organelle lack ribosomes ?
a) mitochondrion
b)nucleus
c)chloroplast
d)RER
ANS: B

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Bacterial spores are resistant to damage by which of the following?

a) Freezing
b) Radiation
c) chemicals and stain
d) All answers are correct

The primary stain used during spore staining that stains the spore and not the vegetative cell

a) water
b) Malachite Green
c) Safranin
d) Crystal Violet

Removes primary stain from the vegetative cells and removes excess stain

a) water
b) Malachite Green
c) Safranin
d) Crystal Violet

Counter or contrasting stain used during spore staining to stain the vegetative cell

a) water
b) Malachite Green
c) Safranin
d) Crystal Violet

Why is heat necessary in spore staining?

a) To prevent the cold staining dyes from freezing the cell
b) To allow the stain to penetrate the spore coat
c) To differentiate between the spore and the vegetative cell
d) Making sure the bacteria doesn't fall off the slide

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1.Which of the following organelle is involved in cell wall synthesis
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Golgi apparatus (answer)
d) lysosome

2. Which of the following statements are not true regarding cell wall
a) Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose
b) Plant cell wall is a non-living structure
c) Cell wall provides mechanical support to the cell
d) Cell was is semi-permeable (answer)

3. Which of the following organelle is involved in cell wall synthesis
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Golgi apparatus (answer)
d) lysosome

4. Bacterial cell wall is made of
a) N-acetyl glucosamine
b) N-acetyl muramic acid
c) both a and b
d) N-acetyl glucosamine, N- acetyl
muramic acid and amino acid (answer)

5. Chitinous cell wall is present in
a) Plants
b) Bacteria
c) Protists
d) Fungi (answer)

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Pili
1.Pili are made of
A)Lipids
B)Carbohydrates
C)Nucleic acid
D) Protein
Answer : D. Protein
2. Pili was found in ?
A) prokaryotic
B) eukaryotic
C) cytoplasm
Answer : A. Prokaryotic
3.Surface appendage of bacteria meant for cell-cell attachment during conjugation is
A. Pili
B. Flagella
C. Spinae
D. Cilia
Answer: A. Pili
4.What is function of pili
a) exchange of genetic material
b) motility
c) attachment to surfaces
Answer:A. Exchange of genetic material
5.What type of pili allow entry of genetic material during conjugation
A) attachment pili
B) secretion pili
C) sex pili
D) chaperone-usher pili
Answer: C. Sex pili

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FLAGELLA

1. Flagella act as sensory organs to detect temperature and pH changes.
a. True
b. False

2. What is the main function of flagella?
a. Aesthetics
b. Protection
c. Locomotion
d. Cell division

3. Prokaryotic cells' flagella moves in a (   ) motion.
a. Circular
b. Wave-like

4. Bacterial flagella is made up of :

a. Dyenien

b. Tubulin

c. Flagellin

d. vimetin

5. Which dye is used to stain flagella?
a. Alcoholic dye
b. aqueous silver nitrate solutions
c. Alcohol
d. Alcoholic dye and aqueous silver nitrate solutions

Answers
1. a
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. d

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1) what is the function of pili?
a. for attachment
b. for mating/conjugating
2) How to differentiate pili and fimbrae?
a. the length
b. the size
3)What is the structure of pili?
a.
b.
c.short, hair light structure
d.
4)What is the type of pili?
A) non-attachment pili
B) conjugation pili
C) type VII pili
D) polar pili
5)Pili and flagella are made up of
a. lipids
b. proteins
c. carbohydrates
d.nucleic acid

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1. Fimbriae are

a. Organelles of adhesion
b. Organelles needed for respiration
c. Organelles needed for transduction
d. All of the above

2. Pili/fimbrae are thin short appendages extruding from the cytoplasmic membrane of certain bacteria. These pili/fimbriae are involved in

a. movement
b. attachment
c. DNA transfer
d. a and b

3. Which of the following may contain fimbriae?

a. GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
b. GRAM-POSITIVE BACTETIA
c. None
D. Both

4. The function of fimbriae

A. Collection of the ovum after ovulation
B. Maintain the shaop of oveary
C. Provite the path to sperm during fertilasition
D. None of these

5. Fimbriae are demonstrated by

a. Culture
b. Gram stain
c. Biochemical reactions
d. Haemagglutination test

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1.Endoplasmic reticulum membrane which is associated with ribosomes is called_______
a) ER lumen
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
d) Endosome

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1) Which one of the following is not an inclusion body found in prokaryotes?
A. Phosphate granule
B. Cyanophycean granule
C. Glycogen granule
D. Polysome (Answer)

2) Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies incorrect?
A. These are involved in ingestion of food particles (Answer)
B. They lie free in the cytoplasm
C. These represent reserve material in cytoplasm
D. They are not bound by any membrane

3) Inclusion bodies of blue-green, purple, and green photosynthesis bakteria are:
A. Contractile vacuoles
B. Gas vacuoles
C. Centrioles
D. Microtubules (Answer)

4) Intracellular structures formed during many viral infections, called __________, which can directly disrupt cell structure.
A) Procaryotes (Answer)
B) Chromosomal disruptions
C) Inclusion bodies
D) Cytocidal bodies
E) All of the above

5) Can ribosomes be considered inclusion bodies?
A) True (Answer)
B) False

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Each group please provide 5 questions

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Each group please provide 5 questions