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Tools to detect deepfakes:

1. Deepware Scanner

A free tool that scans videos and images to check if they are deepfakes. It’s easy to use for quick checks.

Website Deepware Scanner

2. Sensity (formerly Deeptrace)

A platform that helps detect deepfakes and other fake visual content. It monitors and tracks deepfakes online.

Website Sensity

3. Microsoft video authenticator

A tool developed by Microsoft to analyze images and videos to see if they are deepfakes. It rates the likelihood that a video or image has been altered.

Access: Available for Microsoft partners.

4. InVID & WeVerify

A tool that helps check the authenticity of videos and images. It can analyze metadata and search for similar images online.

Website InVID

5. DeepFake-o-meter

An online tool that uses AI to detect deepfakes in videos.

Website DeepFake-o-meter

6. FaceForensics++

A set of tools and data that researchers use to test systems for spotting deepfakes in images and videos.

Project FaceForensics++

Tools to detect fake news:

1. Snopes

One of the biggest fact-checking websites that verifies the truthfulness of news, rumors, and online stories.

Website Snopes

2. FactCheck.org

A nonprofit organization that checks the accuracy of political news and claims shared on social media.

Website FactCheck.org

3. PolitiFact

A site that rates the truthfulness of political claims and news. It uses a scale to show how true or false a statement is.

Website PolitiFact

4. BBC Reality Check

A fact-checking service from the BBC that reviews news stories to verify their accuracy.

Website BBC Reality Check

5. The Washington post fact checker

The fact-checking section of The Washington Post, which focuses on verifying political news and claims.

Website The Washington Post Fact Checker

6. Google fact check tools

Google’s tool that allows users to search for fact-checked information and see results from verified sources.

Website Google Fact Check Tools

7. Media Bias/Fact Check

Description: A site that checks the bias and reliability of news sources, giving them ratings for how trustworthy they are.

Website Media Bias/Fact Check

Other tools for verification:

1. TinEye

Reverse image search tool that helps you find out where an image has been published and if it’s real.

Website TinEye

2. Hoaxy

Tool that tracks how fake news spreads on social media and shows visual maps of how misinformation spreads.

Website Hoaxy

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Distrust of Everything: Misinformation and AI

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Distrust of Everything: Misinformation and AI

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In this episode authors explore how artificial intelligence is used to create and spread misinformation, and how it can also help detect and stop fake news.

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ChatGPT is an advanced AI chatbot developed by OpenAI. 

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ChatGPT is an advanced AI chatbot developed by OpenAI. 

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It uses the GPT-4 language model to engage in natural language conversations, answer questions, provide information, and assist with various tasks like drafting text, solving problems, or offering recommendations. It's widely used for educational purposes, creative writing, customer service, and more. The model is designed to understand and respond to text inputs in a human-like way, making it highly versatile.

You can access ChatGPT on OpenAI's official website:

ChatGPT - OpenAI

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EDUCATED DECISIONS: FINNISH MEDIA LITERACY DETERS DISINFORMATION

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EDUCATED DECISIONS: FINNISH MEDIA LITERACY DETERS DISINFORMATION

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Finland is widely recognized for its high level of media literacy, which plays a significant role in helping its population resist disinformation. Finland consistently ranks at the top of the Media Literacy Index, which compares the ability of countries to withstand fake news by evaluating education, media freedom, and trust among people. This strong foundation in media literacy is embedded in Finland's education system, where children learn from an early age how to critically analyze media, spot disinformation, and use digital tools responsibly​

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We learn about the world through a variety of media, such as for-profit news websites, state-funded TV channels and, yes, even internet memes. For decades, the people of Finland have believed that properly understanding how the media world works is crucial for a healthy society.

What if someone said to you, "Cartoon memes influence my voting decisions"? It would sound silly, but there could also be an element of truth to it. We shouldn't consider a meme a reliable source of information, but memes can affect people's beliefs and behaviour.

"I would define media literacy as the set of skills you need to analyse, communicate with, collaborate in, and create media," says Leo Pekkala, deputy director of the Finnish National Audiovisual Institute, a government agency under the Ministry of Education and Culture. The institute's functions include promoting and developing media education.

From daycare on up, media education in Finland is present throughout the education curriculum, but it doesn't stop when school ends. Media Literacy Week, which Finland celebrates every year in February, focused on reaching adults in 2022. Lifelong learning is vital because media continues to evolve.

"People need to understand media critically - who creates it and why," Pekkala says. "In the 1950s, the academic focus was on mass media like television and newspapers. By the 1980s, audiovisual elements were added to media education. Now a lot of attention is on digital media."

Media education involves everyone

Media education in Finland takes an approach that includes the whole of society. Many different civic organisations take part in developing and enacting learning programmes, including schools, libraries, government departments, universities and NGOs. For example, more than 50 groups participated in a recent campaign called Safer Internet Day.

"It is important to have many stakeholders involved because there is no single solution," says Christa Prusskij, executive director of the Finnish Society on Media Education, an NGO. "It affects all people, so we need a varied approach to reach them."

When people are media literate, they are more likely to find relevant facts, consider an issue from multiple angles and make informed decisions. They are also more likely to recognise and resist false information. Elections can be targets for domestic and foreign influence operations. Corporations use unconventional methods to impact consumer behaviour. There are attempts to influence our opinions about everything from vaccines to who should host the next Olympics.

Building a resilient society

Media literacy forms an integral part of civics education in Finnish schools. Finnish students study famous propaganda campaigns in history, learn about advertising and see how statistics can be used to mislead people. They learn the difference between disinformation (someone distributing false information knowing that it is false) and misinformation (someone distributing false information without realising that it is false).

Students create their own media, such as websites and videos. They develop messages about different topics and present them to their peers for advice and comments. It is part of learning how to think critically, and it works: Finland is ranked as having "the highest potential to withstand the negative impact of fake news and misinformation," according to the 2021 Media Literacy Index. Contributing factors include "quality of education, free media and high trust among people."

"Recognising disinformation is important, but that is only a small part of media education," Pekkala says. "Media literacy by itself is not the end goal. Media literacy is like learning a language, so you have both the technical skill to use media and the ability to understand it."

People who are media literate contribute to making society strong, durable and flexible, better able to adapt to and overcome unexpected situations.

Happier individuals

Prusskij says media literacy brings benefits to the individual as well.

"Trolling and online bullying can negatively impact our mental health and willingness to participate online," she says. "A person might not express their opinion because they are afraid of being attacked. Women and minorities are often targeted."

Media literacy can make people more resilient by helping them understand online behaviour and operate in that environment. They can express themselves creatively and civilly as they exercise free speech. In this way, it is important for personal growth. Finland's aim in encouraging media literacy is a well- functioning, resilient democratic society and happier people.

"This is really our goal," explains Prusskij. "Media literacy is important for a democracy and stable society."

By David J. Cord, June 2022

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Educated decisions: Finnish media literacy deters disinformation - thisisFINLAND

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We learn about the world through a variety of media, such as for-profit news websites, state-funded TV channels and, yes, even internet memes. For decades, the people of Finland have believed that properly understanding how the media world works is crucial for a healthy society.

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Artificial Intelligence and disinformation – Separating myth from reality

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Artificial Intelligence and disinformation – Separating myth from reality

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This session explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the spread and detection of disinformation. Experts discuss how AI is being used to create false narratives, such as deepfakes and fake news, and the challenges in detecting these manipulations. The panel also looks at how AI tools can be developed to fight disinformation and the need for effective regulations and safeguards. This insightful discussion helps separate myths from reality when it comes to AI's role in disinformation.

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Here are some tools and techniques commonly used to detect fake accounts:

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Here are some tools and techniques commonly used to detect fake accounts:

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1. Botometer:

This tool, developed by Indiana University, checks the activity of Twitter accounts and gives them a score based on how likely they are to be bots. It analyzes posting behavior, engagement patterns, and other indicators of automation.

2. Hoaxy:

Hoaxy helps visualize how fake news and disinformation spread online. It can track the behavior of fake accounts, showing how they share and amplify misinformation.

3. Social Blade:

Social Blade analyzes follower growth patterns on platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter. Sudden, unnatural spikes in followers or engagement can indicate that an account is using bots or fake accounts to boost its presence.

4. HypeAuditor:

HypeAuditor is used to analyze the authenticity of influencer accounts. It provides a detailed breakdown of follower quality, engagement, and potential bot activity.

5. ClearView AI:

A powerful tool that helps law enforcement and organizations detect fake accounts through facial recognition technology. It can analyze profile images across social media platforms and compare them to a massive image database.

6. New Knowledge:

This AI-powered platform analyzes social media activity to identify disinformation campaigns and the use of fake accounts, especially during major events like elections.

7. Ghost Data:

A research organization that specializes in detecting fake followers on social media, particularly on Instagram. They identify accounts with fake engagement metrics.

8. Foller.me:

This tool analyzes Twitter profiles to give detailed insights about followers, hashtags used, and account activity, helping to identify potential bots or fake accounts.

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In 2020 the number of deepfake videos circulating online doubled to over 85,000, and experts believe this number is increasing rapidly, with around 96% of deepfakes being used in adult content. However, the use of AI for political disinformation is also rising

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The purpose of this Perspective is to provide policymakers an overview of the deepfake threat. It first reviews the technology undergirding deepfakes and associated artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technologies that provide the foundation for deepfake videos, voice cloning, deepfake images, and generative text. It highlights the threats deepfakes pose, as well as factors that could mitigate such threats. The paper then reviews the ongoing efforts to detect and counter deepfakes and concludes with an overview of recommendations for policymakers. This Perspective is based on a review of published literature on deepfake- and AI-disinformation technologies. Moreover, leading experts in the disinformation field contributed valuable insights that helped shape the work.

This Perspective was sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD).

This publication is part of the RAND Corporation Perspective series. RAND Perspectives present expert insights on timely policy issues. All RAND Perspectives undergo peer review to ensure high standards for quality and objectivity.

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to this product page is encouraged. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial purposes. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

Citation

Format:

Helmus, Todd C., Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, and Disinformation: A Primer. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2022. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA1043-1.html.

Helmus, Todd C., Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, and Disinformation: A Primer, RAND Corporation, PE-A1043-1, July 2022. As of January 31, 2023: https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA1043-1.html

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The purpose of this Perspective is to provide policymakers an overview of the deepfake threat. It first reviews the technology undergirding deepfakes and associated artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technologies that provide the foundation for deepfake videos, voice cloning, deepfake images, and generative text. It highlights the threats deepfakes pose, as well as factors that could mitigate such threats.

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The Online Safety Act 2023 (the Act) is a new set of laws that protects children and adults online. It puts a range of new duties on social media companies and search services, making them more responsible for their users’ safety on their platforms.

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The Online Safety Act 2023 (the Act) is a new set of laws that protects children and adults online. It puts a range of new duties on social media companies and search services, making them more responsible for their users' safety on their platforms. The Act will give providers new duties to implement systems and processes to reduce risks their services are used for illegal activity, and to take down illegal content when it does appear.

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The AI Index Report tracks, collates, distills, and visualizes data related to artificial intelligence.

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Welcome to the seventh edition of the AI Index report. The 2024 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment when AI's influence on society has never been more pronounced. This year, we have broadened our scope to more extensively cover essential trends such as technical advancements in AI, public perceptions of the technology, and the geopolitical dynamics surrounding its development. Featuring more original data than ever before, this edition introduces new estimates on AI training costs, detailed analyses of the responsible AI landscape, and an entirely new chapter dedicated to AI's impact on science and medicine.
Read the 2024 AI Index Report

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Who is advancing AI responsibly and ethically?

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Spot deepfakes with Hive’s New deepfake detection API

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Spot deepfakes with Hive’s New deepfake detection API

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Blog & Insights | Hive – The latest insights and perspectives from our team

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Visual Moderation Best-in-class moderation for images, videos, GIFs, and livestreams

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Spot Deepfakes With Hive’s New Deepfake Detection API – Hive

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Hive announces a new Deepfake Detection API — a powerful tool that allows digital platforms to easily identify and moderate realistic synthetic images and video.