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as we know it

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1. Feelings of disillusionment.
2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.
3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).
4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

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Mark Twain
-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London
-Call of the Wild
-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane
-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce
-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin
-"Story of an Hour"
-The Awakening

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Realism was America's rejecting of romanticism. Instead of painting life as some fairytale, it was gritty and mundane.

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Mark Twain has surprisingly never won any literary awards

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Realism
1850-1900

Civil War
1861-1865

Reconstruction Era
1865-1877

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In 1871, The Atlantic Monthly, a newspaper, decided to pay him $10,000 a year to write 12 stories.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bret-Harte

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Harte co-wrote a play with Mark Twain to try and increase Chinese sympathy. This did not help and the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed not too long after.

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Harte worked for the Northern Californian where he expressed unpopular views such as sentiment for Mexicans and Native Americans.

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Alice Walker's 1982 novel became both a major motion picture and a broadway musical

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Alice Walker was the first African American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for fiction with her book "The Color Purple"

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Alice Walker is blind in one eye because she was accidentally shot by her brother's BB gun. She had scar tissue over her eye and this caused to do more activities by herself such as writing.

https://earlybirdbooks.com/fascinating-facts-about-alice-walker

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1. Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the "American Dream": the independent, self-reliant, individual will triumph.
2. Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional.
3. Interest in the inner workings of the human mind (ex. Stream of consciousness).

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Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

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A big criticism of Modernism was nihilism. Many said that Modernist were too depressed and had a harsh view on life. Modernism was an abandoning away from the American Dream.

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Albert Einstein was a big contributor to and one of the first physicists of Modernism

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World War I
1914-1918

The Great Depression
1929-1939

World War II
1939-1945

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Some popular dances during the '20 included the Fox Trot, Charleston, and the Texas Tommy.

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A popular job in the 20's was to be a silent movie actor

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American Dream during 30's and 40's Fact #1 

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American Dream during 30's and 40's Fact #1 

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The phrase "The American Dream" was first used by the historian James Truslow Adams in his book "The Epic of America."

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American Dream during 30's and 40's Fact #2

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American Dream during 30's and 40's Fact #2

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Many people moved back into agriculture during the Great Depression to escape dependence on a fickle economy

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The DNA double helix was discovered on February 28, 1953.

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On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus.

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1.Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York
2.Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos
3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

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James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

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The Harlem Renaissance ended with the Great Depression and the end of prohibition.

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Louis Armstrong, one the most famous Jazz musicians of all time, came from the Harlem Renaissance.

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"The New Negro Movement"
1919-1925

Prohibition
1920-1933

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During the 1960s, the American Dream began to expand to all people, not just white people.

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The largest anti-war protest was outside the Lincoln memorial where 100,000 protesters gathered.

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The Macintosh was released in 1984 and began a wave of people who wanted the newest technology in their homes.

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Mike Tyson was an example of the celebrities who lived the lavish life in the 1980s

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More and people began to crave the newest phone or computer. Some people were beginning to get more than just one tv

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At the end of the 2000s was the financial collapse where people began to value financial security vs getting more "stuff"

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1. Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology.
2. Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates itself.
3. New literary forms and techniques: works composed of only dialogue, or combining fiction and nonfiction, experimenting with physical appearance of their work.

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Contemporary "Postmodernism": Authors and Works

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Contemporary "Postmodernism": Authors and Works

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Alice Walker

Wallace Stevens

e.e. cummings

Maya Angelou

Anne Sexton

James Baldwin

Richard Wright

Sandra Cisneros

Amy Tan

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The Harlem Renaissance ended with the Great Depression and the end of prohibition.

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Louis Armstrong, one the most famous Jazz musicians of all time, came from the Harlem Renaissance.

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Korean War
1950-1953

Vietnam War
1954-1975

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Literature connects the ideas and thoughts of those to what is happening in history. For example, during the Modernism era, there was a loss of faith in the American Dream because of the Great Depression. Stories like Of Mice and Men reflect the thoughts of people during the Modernism era.

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The Hunger Games books are a series of books written from 2008 to 2020. A main theme they represent is individual v.s. society where an individual is trying to go against the will of an evil society. Katniss Everdeen becomes the symbol of a rebellion and completely changes Panem.