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Indigenous societies are often characterized by their relatively small populations, localized territories, and close-knit social structures.

The size of these communities is often limited by the available resources within their specific territories.

Members of these communities often have strong familial and communal ties, and social relationships are crucial for survival and cooperation (ayllus).

They rely on traditional knowledge and practices to sustain themselves, often practicing subsistence agriculture, hunting, gathering, or fishing.

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Indigenous languages aren't only methods of communication, but also extensive and complex systems of knowledge that have developed over time. They are central to the identity of indigenous people, the preservation of their cultures, worldviews and an expression of self-determination

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shared cultural identity

social organisation

collective rights

communal decision making

interconnectedness

shared resources and responsibilities

Indigenous people have a strong sense of community and unity which makes this an important term when defining them as not only do they share traditions, but they are interconnected in every other way. They even share history and experiences due to this closeness

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Many indigenous societies express emotions or communicate in a different way. They use art as a communication, in the form of songs, dances or visual arts. This artistic expressions serve as a way to maintain their culture for long periods of time. Additionally, pieces of art unify indigenous societies with nature and their families and represent the way in which their culture was formed or is constantly evolving.

Some examples include:

body painting.

sculpture.

ceremonial clothing.

weaponry.

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Indigenous cultures are very diverse, from each other and from western cultures. Each group has its own culture, values, symbols and spiritual traditions. There is around 7000 indigenous languages. Considering Europe, a continent with 730 million people, there are only 78 different languages.Europe contains twice as many people, but ten times less languages than indigenous societies.

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Indigenous communities often rely on their community for survival, and their community often gives them a sense of connection and belonging. They come together for ceremonies, celebration, support, harvest, etc., and other things, which gives them a sense of togetherness. They share the same background and traditions, so they are always connected in some kind of way, and they also learn to be mutually independent on each other.

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In indigenous communities, people believe in living in balance and harmony with nature. They only take from the environment in ways that keep it healthy and abundant.

It's different than Western communities which frequently only focus on individual needs without recognizing the possible impacts on the environment,

For example, people coming from indigenous societies will only take what is necessary from nature, allowing nature to develop once again.

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Indignos communities often have a very large history, having been present for hundreds of years within an area. This means knowledge obtained is passed down from generation to generation by being taught to the younger community members. Knowledge is therefore continuous, passing throughout history as a way of living and guiding the community.

This continuity is able to resist change and 'westernisation' of the community, being passed down up until the present day. This continuity of knowledge is important because it allows communities to keep a record of their discoveries.

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Indigenous people create cultural diversity by bringing their unique traditions, knowledge and perspectives. Indigenous cultures are very diverse in their differing traditions and languages (there are around 7000).

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Historical continuity with pre-colonial and/or pre-settler societies

Express and maintain continuity through the preservation of cultural and societal aspects such as:

Oral traditions and storytelling

Language

Ceremonies and rituals

Art

Spirituality and beliefs