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1890s

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1890

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1900

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1930

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1945

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1949

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1950

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1960

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1969

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1980

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" The Old Rugged Cross "

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" Maple Leaf Rag "

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" Take Five "

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“ Sing, Sing, Sing ( With a Swing ) ”

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" Koko "

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" Guilty "

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" The Girl From Ipanema "

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" So What "

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" Return To Forever Romantic Warrior "

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" What a shame "

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· Dominant vocals.
· Strong use of harmony.
· Christian lyrics.

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Traditional piano

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· Specific type of syncopation in which melodic accents fall between metrical beats.
· Generally in duple meter and containing a highly syncopated treble lead over a rhythmically steady bass

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Piano or banjo

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· Deliberately “hot”
· Enthusiastic
· Up beat
· Bright swinging tempos
· Sudden musical breaks

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Cornet or trumpet

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· Smooth
· Easy listening
· Relatively simple
· Solid beat
· Strong dance groove

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Trumpet

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· Fast tempos
· Adventurous improvisation
· Complex harmonies
· Chord progressions
· Individual virtuosity

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Trumpet and saxophone

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· Soft and restrained sound
· Formal arrangements
· Classical music influences
· Varied band sizes
· Multiple melodic lines played simultaneously

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Flute

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· Blends rhythms
· Percussion instruments of Cuba
· Its fusion of European and African musical elements

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Drums

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· There are no rules
· Musicians do not adhere to a fixed harmonic structure

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Piano

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· Improvisation
· Accompanied by the bass lines
· Drumming styles
· Instrumentation of rock music
· Strong emphasis on electronic instruments and dance rhythms

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Synthesizers and electric piano

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· Most instrumentalists emphasize shiny production, melody, and accessibility

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Trombone