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a. The most revealing aspect that I learned about my disease was how fast it traveled throughout Europe and how deadly it was. I knew that syphilis was a very fatal disease, but I had no idea that upwards of 5 million people died because of it.
b. Something I learned about syphilis that surprised me was that the discovery of penicillin was due to the syphilis outbreak. The urgent need for an effective treatment for syphilis urged scientists to search for new medications, leading to the discovery of penicillin.
c. Throughout my research, I learned about a lot of different controversies related to syphilis that I think could have been a great addition to a Padlet post. The "Leadership Response" section could have a fourth question relating to any social controversies relating to the disease.

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a. Syphilis has had a significant impact on public health and our society throughout history. Since syphilis was such a fast-emerging disease, it led to the establishment of public health measures to control its spread, such as required reporting of cases, a mandatory quarantine, and the development of treatments such as penicillin. It has also been depicted in art, pop culture, and literature throughout history, which influenced public attitudes toward the disease.
b. Many societal behaviors changed due to the emergence of syphilis. It led to a significant increase in sexual health awareness and the development of public health policies put in place to help control the spread of syphilis and other STD's.
c. Society definitely learned from the physical effect of the disease because of all the new medical advances, new courses of treatment, and increased awareness to destigmatize syphilis.

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a. When syphilis first came up in Europe in the late 15th century, no one understood the extent of the disease, and it was typically blamed on immoral behavior. Authorities at the time generally had people with the disease quarantine or isolate until their symptoms stopped. In some places around Europe, sex workers were forced to live in "red-light districts" in an attempt to contain the spread of syphilis.
b. There were a few innovations used to combat syphilis including: the introduction of penicillin, community-based testing, partner notification of the disease, and widespread social awareness among many social media sites.
c. In the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, an experiment conducted from 1932 to 1972, a group of African American men who had syphilis were withheld treatment, in order to observe the progression and symptoms of the disease. This racist study led to significant harm to the participants and added to a lack of trust in the US healthcare system. Leadership could have done better by treating the infected people with care and by not looking at syphilis as a punishment for "immoral acts".

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a. When syphilis was at its peak, medical professionals heavily relied on mercury and arsenic-based treatments, which caused serious side effects and often didn't work. When penicillin was discovered in the 1940's, it revolutionized the treatment process and led to a significant decrease in the number of syphilis cases.
b. The biggest medical advance used in combatting syphilis was the discovery of penicillin in the 1940's. Penicillin was found to be extremely effective at treating syphilis, and is usually given as a single injection into the muscle.
c. A new technology that was applied to this disease is Immunochromatographic tests (ICT), which use rapid fingerprick blood specimens to help prevent the spread of syphilis from mother to child.

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a. Virulence can be defined as the harmfulness of a disease. Syphilis is very virulent without proper treatment, and can lead to life-threatening brain, heart, and liver damage.
b. When syphilis first came up in Europe in the late 1400's, it was a very deadly and severe disease. Over the course of the next 100 years, it turned into a much milder disease, yet still fatal in some cases. Today, syphilis is very mild if properly treated.

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a. Syphilis spread quickly around Europe in the 15th century, primarily in Italy and France due to the invasion of Naples by the French army. It was soon spread to different continents by settlers and sailors, and is currently found on every continent.
b. It was first found in Italy in 1495, then transmitted to the French troops, which caused the outbreak to sweep Europe. It was then brought to the Americas through settlers, where it was quickly spread worldwide amidst voyages and conquests throughout the 16th century.
c. Syphilis spread so quickly around Europe that there's no recorded number of people affected, but experts guess around 5 million people died. Currently, there are about 4 million cases every year for all age groups across the world, with about 150,000 recorded in the US.

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a. Syphilis first arrived in Europe in the 15th century. It was more commonly known as the "great pox" and was much more severe than it is today.
b. The suspected infectious agent of syphilis is the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
c. Syphilis is an STD (sexually transmitted disease), which is defined as an infection that's transmitted through sexual contact.

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For my disease of study, I'm choosing syphilis, which is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It belongs to the genus Treponema.