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Koreas three kingdoms period 57 BCE-668 CE

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Koreas three kingdoms period 57 BCE-668 CE

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This piece has no title, and it does not have an author listed. It is a gold crown from the three kingdoms period of Korea. There is a  lot of fine dangling chain and the center is sturdy pieces of gold. The jade is attached like beads on wires. This really gives the feeling of a tree, a weeping willow due to the strands and it shows the spiritualism and connection to nature a lot of the crowns have. There is also a heavy empathies of gold and jade for these elaborate headpieces.

Korea is a peninsula in Northeast Asia between China and Japan. The three kingdoms period was between 57BCE-668 Ce, and they were Silla, Baekje and Goguryo. They had elaborate items for their burial for royalty such as the golden crowns. It was often with delicate chains and jewel pieces on a sturdy branchlike form. There was quite a large empathies on gold jewelry and gold in general. They also had many ritual ceramics to hold food and drink offerings for the deceased. Although unglazed, the high fire ceramic was waterproof. A common ceramic shape was a stand, or a long cylinder like shaft on a bulbous base. They were not elaborately decorated, but instead had simpler cuts and patterns such as chevrons. One thing that was stated in the Arts of the tomb in the three kingdoms period was "Different language systems, different phonetic patterns." I found it very interesting because each kingdom probably had different delicts like China has had. Although they use the same language, the characters may have had different meanings or slight variants of the language. It also happens when countries are separated into different parts like the north or south. There was also a rigid class system that were  born into. Shamanism was also a large part of the culture, that had ties with nature and the spiritual plane.

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 Han Dynasty China establishes colonies in Korea Circa 100 CE- 313 CE

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 Han Dynasty China establishes colonies in Korea Circa 100 CE- 313 CE

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Emperor Wudi of the Han dynasty established four colonies in Korea around 100 CE. The only one of the four to achieve success was Nangnamg and it lasted until 313 CE. The state was prosperous and had around 400,000 people. On the site Britannica it states "The Chinese officials assigned to govern Nangnang brought with them all the customs of their motherland and created a miniature Chinese society." and I see this as the first way that Chinese culture and society made its way over to Korea. After establishing a part of home somewhere, it is inevitable that it starts to mix with the local culture. a good example of this from our current era would be San Francisco and how it is a melting pot of many cultures. The technology and metalworking of China helped strengthen Korea. China later also brought over Buddhism and helped spread it throughout Korea.

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Buddhism introduced into Korea by china during the Qin Dynasty 372-384 CE

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Buddhism introduced into Korea by china during the Qin Dynasty 372-384 CE

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Buddhism was introduced in the Goguryeo Kingdom by China in 372 Ce, Baekje by 384 and Silla state in the second half of the fifth century. It became the official religion of Silla in 527. At first, Buddhists art in Korea mimicked Chinese ones. But then the texxtbook states " By the late sixth century, however, Korean sculptors had created a distinctive style, exemplified by a magnificent gilt-bronze image of a bodhisattva (probably the bodhisattva Maitreya) seated in meditation that likely dates to the early seventh century". Korea later integrated Buddhism into their culture and it changed, as it has every time in history. I find it interesting that you can tell where and what branch a Buddhist statue is from due to the position of the body, the clothing created and simply the art style of the piece. Buddhism blossomed in the Silla period and continued to prosper during the Goryeo period. During the Goryeo period, many of the most sumptios works were paintings on silk. Later, the Baekje Kingdom introduced Buddhism to Japan.

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Korea. (Unified Silla dynasty (668-935), 8th century). Standing Buddha. [Decorative Arts and Utilitarian Objects]. Retrieved from https://library.artstor.org/as

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This piece is called Standing Buddha ad it is made of gilt bronze. there is not an creator listed but it was from Korea during the Great Silla period. It was a piece for private devotion. I believe that the hand positioning for the left hand is in an Abhaya position for fearlessness and the downward pointed hand means generosity. I see many of the common features of the statue of the buddha such as the elongated earlobes, the hair and even the hand positioning resembles the Chinese statues. I do find that the way the robes cling and with all the wrinkles, makes it look like the robes are wet because it shows off more of the figure.

The Silla period was from 668-935 but was founded in 57 BC. Goguryeo was overtaken with the help of Tang Dynasty China and Korea was united. Buddhism prospered during this time and there were many temples in the capital. Seokguram s the greatest monument of this time. It was an artificial cave temple that is modeled after Chinese Cave Temples. One thing that the text states that is quite interesting is that "The temple is modeled after Chinese cave-temples of the fifth, sixth, and seventh centuries, which were in turn inspired by the Buddhist cave-temples of India." This shows that each empire or dynast y pulled inspiration from other countries and of religion to create their own master pieces. Everything is interconnected and continues to further the way that people create and perceive art. This particular temple is made of granite rock and has a seated buddha statue greater than 11 feet tall.

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This piece is called Ewer in the shape of a bamboo shoot and it does not have a creator listed. It was made during the
Goryeo dynasty in Korea. I find this piece to be absolutely fascinating, with the famous Celadon glaze that this period was known for. In this instance, it is sowing off the transparent aspect and they must have lightly put the glaze there. Whereas for the base and underside of the handle, they must have put a thicker layer to give it an Ombre effect. The fine lines on the leaves and the 3D edging of the leaves makes it look very realistic. I also really like how the top is pointed, like an actual shoot. This is a good example of the techniques that they created.

The Gogyeo Dynasty was established in 918 and lasted will 1392. The capital at the time was Gaeseong and this dynasty is best known for its glazed ceramics. Primarily they used Celadon, a high fire blue green glaze. They experimented with the glaze since the 8th and 9th century. Although these vessels were used by many classes, the best and most precut ones went to either royalty or to the Buddhist clergy. These Celadons were prized for simplicity btu later on, they started to gain more ornamentation. some examples would be inlaid decoration, displaying multiple pictural scenes and under glazing. When the textbook states "Most notable among their inventions was inlaid decoration, in which black and white slips, or finely ground clays, were inlaid into the intaglio lines of decorative elements incised or stamped in the clay body, creating underglaze designs in contrasting colors, as seen in a bottle (fig. 11–31) displaying three different pictorial scenes inlaid in black and white slips."  This shows the numerous methods and experimentations that led to the invention of new art techniques. I definitely did not know that different clays could be used t make slips, or that patterns could be stamped on the ceramic. I was always under the impression that all designs were painted on. Many of the most famous art of Buddhism during this time period were paintings although there were many commissions for sculptors and architects for temples.