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Check out this presentation designed by Brenda Sarmiento.

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CAUSES OF WWI: WHY WAR?

On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was assassinated by a Serbian-sponsored terrorist in Sarajevo (Bosnia) named Gavrilo Princip. Within a month and a half, many of the European countries had become involved in a war that was to cause the deaths of 11 million soldiers and 7 million civilians, but was the regicide the sole cause of war? The answer is definitely NO.

Let's brainstorm: what were the other causes of the First World War?

Pre-existing Alliances:

Alliances - in 1882, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed the 'Triple Alliance'. This alarmed France,Britain and Russia:by 1907, they had all joined the 'Triple Entente'. Europe was divided into two diplomatic and armed camps to help each other if there was a war; this was the terrible logic of the alliances. Consequently, an arms race from late 19th century to 1918 tookplace.

After the Austro-Hungarian Empire had declared war on Serbia, other European countries chose sides, based on their pre-existing alliance and own national interests. As a result, two ALLIANCES emerged which then fought each other for the next four years.

Who fought who?

The Allied Powers vs. Central Powers

Although Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance, it remained neutral at the beginning of the war. However, in 1917, Italy joined the Allied Powers, hoping to acquire territory that belonged to the Austro- Hungarian Empire.

TASK 1: (Study guide)

In pairs answer these questions

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO “INTERVENE” IN A WAR?

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO “REMAIN NEUTRAL”?

To guide your answers, watch a short documentary video retrieved from History Pod: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=6V-_XDq2ROI

and read the article Neutrality and Intervention written by Professor David Stevenson. https://www.bl.uk/ world-war-one/articles/neutrality-and-intervention

Write your ideas in the chart

INTERVENTION

How do countries intervene in a war? What do they do?

Military operations:

- Naval assistance such as the supply of massive fleets, ships and submarines.

- Air power: aircrafts are used as a means of reconnaissance and observation, and offensively against targets .

- Land warfare:In WWI land battles quickly led to trench warfare (trench campaign)

The provision of artillery, weaponry, tanks, troops among others to assist in overrunning territories.

Blockade: shortage of supplies and rationing.

Political intervention: political schism ( split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties)

Justifying intervention as completing national unification and settling long standing territorial claims.

Launching parallel wars in regions remote from the main fighting fronts

NEUTRALITY

How do countries keep neutral? What do they do?

Policy of non-intervention: opposing interference in the domestic politics and affairs of other countries

Being impartial in thought as well in action

Being neutral allows countries to trade with both sides

Nevertheless, individuals generally favour one side or the other and sympathize with one of them.

The everyday life of a soldier at the Western Front was one of dreary discomfort and boredom, worsened by the tension and fear of combat (assault or defence), shelling (explosives used in war), snipers and the threat of sudden death: in a trench in an underground tunnel

Life in the trenches was difficult because of the terrible hygienic conditions: they were dirty, smelly and flooded in bad weather. Many of the trenches also had pests such as rats and lice. Rats in particular were a problem because they ate soldier’s food as well as the actual soldiers (while they slept, the wounded and the dead). Lice also caused diseases like typhus fever. Many soldiers living in the trenches suffered from 'trench foot'; trench foot was caused by the sustained exposure to wet and muddy conditions and sometimes it would result in amputations.

British troops in a captured Germ…

And in his diary the German artist Otto Dix (1891-1969) wrote:

“Lice, rats, barbed wire, fleas, shells, bombs, underground caves, corpses, blood, liquor, mice, cats, artillery, filth, bullets, mortars, fire, steel: that is what war is. It is the work of the devil.”15

Propaganda (posters, postcards, cartoons, photographs and films, newspapers and poems, art, etc.) Propaganda was used to strengthen the morale of soldiers at the front and to encourage people at home to devote their time and energy to the war.

Great Britain's propaganda

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CLASSROOM TEACHING PRACTICE REFLECTION (1)

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Shared Drive Task: 14 Points & Treaty of Versailles

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Shared Drive Task: 14 Points & Treaty of Versailles.docx

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Students Working Cooperatively

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Students' products/ outcomes: War Journals

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Students' products/ outcomes: War Journals

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Internship lesson plan_ The First World War.docx