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These sentence starters are optional and are here to help you frame your thinking; but again, only if you need them.

Character 1: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

Character 2: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of ___ because...

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Based on our work yesterday, we defined four theme topics from throughout our novel:

1. Humanity

2. War

3. Change over time

4. Refugees

Today you will choose one theme topic to focus on. Using the passages related to the theme topic, you will then make connections across the three stories related to that theme topic.

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These sentence starters are optional and are here to help you frame your thinking; but again, only if you need them.

Character 1: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

Character 2: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of ___ because...

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These sentence starters are optional and are here to help you frame your thinking; but again, only if you need them.

Character 1: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

Character 2: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of ___ because...

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The theme topic of war is present in Joseph's story because soldiers treated people badly and the people lost all their belongings due to the war, Soldiers made Josephs mom pick between one of her child's freedom in exchange for diamonds that she had left. In the text it states,"But i think there is only enough here to buy freedom for one of your children".

The theme topic of war is present in Isabel's story because there was a war in Cuba and soldiers treated the people very badly and gave them almost no freedom. In the text it states, "Freedom! Freedom! chanted some of the rioters ".

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because both of them had to leave their country because of war and they didn't have freedom so they had to leave their country.

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These sentence starters are optional and are here to help you frame your thinking; but again, only if you need them.

Character 1: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

Character 2: The theme topic of ___ is present in [character name]'s story because...

In the text it states, "___"

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of ___ because...

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The theme topic of war is present in Isabel's story because people started to break the glass of some stores and class bottles being thrown, guns being fired. In the text it states, "she was sure she had just heard the sound of breaking glass, but the care and bicycles kept streaming pass by under the bright sun on the Malecon like nothing had happened"

The theme topic of Mahmoud's story is war because His house was being bomb'd and people wanted to attack them. In the text it states "Mahmoud had been going to meet his best friend khalid. down a side street just like this one, Mahmoud found khalid getting beaten up by two older boys."
These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because they are both in danger, they might be in different times but they are still getting bomb'd, they are still getting attacked.

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Character 1: The theme topic of Change over time is present in [Josef]'s story because in the passage Josef slapped his father and if he did that before this has started the father would have made that something of disrespected and would have punished Josef and it shows how the time has change because Josef shows how he is the adult and how the father is the child and Josef is trying to tell the father what not to do so he doesn't get sent back to the concentration camp. In the text it states," Josef and his father traded places. Papa was the one acting like a child, and Josef was the adult."
Character 2: The theme topic of Change over time is presented in Mahmoud's story because in the passage Mahmoud had to go through many things like bombing and destruction and he was also invisable wich made people ignore him and not to help mahmoud. In the Text it states,"If you were invisible, the bad people couldn’t hurt you, that was true. But the good people couldn’t help you, either. If you stayed invisible here, did everything you were supposed to and never made waves, you would disappear from the eyes and minds."
These two stories are connected through the theme Mahmoud was going to Germany and they are connected because Ruthie Met Mahmoud and his family, they where also connected because they where both traveled by boat and lost someone very loving to them.

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the theme topic of COT is present in josephs story because

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The theme topic of humanity is present in Isabel's story because when she arrived at the Bahamas the tourists realized they were from Cuba and immediately started giving them food and supplies. They were also offended when they heard Isabel's family couldn't land because of the laws which shows that they really cared for her family as they were refugees trying to seek safety. In the text it states, "Before they could get the engine restarted, one of the tourists tossed down a bottle of water to Senora Castillo. Soon the rest of the tourists were hurrying back and forth to the cafe, buying bottles of water and bags of chips and tossing them into everyone's hands on the boat."
The theme topic of humanity is present in Mahmoud's story because when he and all the other refugees made it to Austria, the Austrians were prepared for their arrival and Mahmoud expected them to be angry and disgusted since that's how the Hungarians reacted to them but they reacted the complete opposite. The Austrians gave the refugees food, water, and clothes and the refugees kept receiving them the whole journey in Austria. In the text it states, "White, native-born Austrians and olive-skinned Arab Austrians who had recently immigrated to the country filled the overpasses, throwing bottles of water and food down to them--bread, fresh fruit, bags of chips. A man next to Mahmoud caught a whole grilled chicken wrapped in aluminum foil."
These two stories are connected through the theme topic of humanity because they both show how people came to their aid and offered them help and supplies that they really needed. It also shows how even though there were some people in the story who treated the refugees like monstrous animals, there were still people with humanity in them and willing to help the refugees.

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The theme topic of Change over time is present in Josef´story because at the start of the story Josef would have tried to talk his dad so he did calmed down so the doctor would say his dad is fine. But instead of being patient Josef slapped his dad because he was already annoyed that he could even stand still for 5 minutes. In the text it states, ¨But in the past six months, Josef and his father traded places. Papa was the one acting like a child, and Josef was the adult.¨
The theme topic of Change Over Time is present in Mahmoud's story because after everything Mahmoud has gone through it helped him see how the world works. If you were invisible, the bad people could not hurt you. But if you stayed invisible, you would disappear from the eyes of the good people who could help you get your life back. In the text it states, ¨ If you were invisible, the bad people couldn’t hurt you, that was true. But the good people couldn’t help you, either. If you stayed invisible here, did everything you were supposed to and never made waves, you would disappear from the eyes and minds of all the good people out there who could help you get your life back. It was better to be visible. To stand up. To stand out.¨ This shows Mahmoud became more mature because he finally saw how the world works and that it does not matter if you were invisible, you can still suffer. He also saw how cruel people could be, Mahmoud and his family were being treated like animals, getting thrown food from a cell and his dad kept getting hit.
These two stories are connected through the theme topic of Change over time because they both when through terrifying  stuff and that changed the way they saw the world, they saw it as a world full of cruel people, more cruel people than nice people. But this helped them mature and that could be a benefit because they will make wiser choices, so it will prevent them from doing stuff they regret.

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The theme topic of change over time is present in Mahmoud's story because at first Mahoumd had to help himself and his family and was treated like trash which made him grow mature, now he is living in a nice house and is being treated with respect by Jews who were once in his shoes. In the text it states, "But Mahmoud was also filled with gratitude. Josef had died so Ruthie could live, and one day welcome Mahmoud and his family into her house."  The theme topic of change over time is present in Isabel's story because Lito didn't try to change himself and try new things, he usually acted negative but now when he found out his error in ways he decided to help his family get a chance on Miami. In the text it states, "For a bright promise of manana. But a funny thing happened while I was waiting for the world to change, Chabela: It didn't. Because I didn't change it."   These two stories are connected through the theme topic of Change over time because they both had a good change happen to them, Mahmoud used to be looked at with disgust and now he is being helped and treated like a human. Lito felt the way the Jews felt when they were so close to safety but then the dread feeling when the coast guard came after them and to take them back to Cuba and he decided that what he did was wrong to the Jews and to sacrifice himself for the safety of his family and the Castillo's was a type of forgiveness.

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The theme topic of war is present in Josef's story the solders treated them like they were animals because they did not care of how they were and how they felt and they did something cruel because Josef's mom gave the solider all her belongings and everything she had to not send her children to the consecration camp but the solider said that the things are only enough to buy one kid and she had to choose. To support my answer in the text it states, "i think there is only enough here to buy freedom."the Nazi solider smiled at Josef's mother and said you choose,"

Character 2: The theme topic of war is present in mahmoud's story because in his story they were bulling him and his best friend because of the war and they were saying things bad things like this is not Syria its Iran and really racist things. To prove this In the text it states, "not so smart are you pig one of them said," Shia should know their place! this is Syria not Iran " These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because they can cause problems in both ways because like in the times now in 2020 and 2022 there was a lot of racism for the Chinese,Koreans,Japanese because of what happened an then the worst part it ruined family's and separated them and that is why they are connected to the topic of war

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Character 1 :The theme topic of Change over time is present in Josef story because Over time Josef changed his way of being because of everything he had been through and was left in shocked for what he saw and how he reacted when his father came back from the concetration camp and was not the same and saw how his dad was trying to kill himself by jumping of the boat and He even slapped his father across the face so he can act right and realize what he was doing.
In the text it states ¨Josef steamed. He did know what that meant, but did Captain Schroeder know? Really know?
How many Germans really understood what was happening in the concentration camps? Josef knew, because his papa had told him. Had shown him when he jumped overboard and tried to kill himself.
Character 2 :The theme topic of Change overtime is present in Mahmouds story because Mahmoud changed when he had to see his little sister being taken away by another boat because his little sister was not going to last long in the frezzing cold water and was going to drown and when he gave her up he felt guilty for letting her go and was not the same anymore.
In the text it states ¨“My   baby,”Mahmoud’s mother   wailed.“My   Hana is gone.”  The Mediterranean was still   attacking them, wave after wave trying to drown   them,  and  Mahmoud could tell that his mother didn’t want to fight   anymore. It was all Mahmoud could do to keep her head   above the water.  “I’m  still here, ” Mahmoud told her. “I  need  you.” “I  gave my baby to a  stranger  ,”   Mahmoud’s   mother howled. “I don’t even know who she  was!”  “She’s   safe now, ” Mahmoud told her. “Hana is out of the water.   She’s going to live.”But Mahmoud’s mother would not be   consoled. She lay back  in the water, her face to the sky, and  sobbed.Mahmoud felt gutted. It was all his fault. Hana   might still be with them if he hadn’t gotten someone on that   boat to take her. Or she might have died during their  two   hours in the  water. ¨

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of Change over time because They both changed when they lost someone like josef lost his father by him trying to kill himself by getting attacked by sharks and drowning  and mahmouds sister being taken away by another boat so she would not drown in the cold water and would survive

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The theme topic of Humanity is present in Josef's story because it shows how people/Officers treat them since they are refugees and don't have enough power. In the text it states,"If I do, I can assure you that you will most certainly be taken back to Germany. And you know what that means.” Josef steamed. He did know what that meant, but did Captain Schroeder know? Really know? How many Germans really understood what was happening in the concentration camps? Josef knew, because his papa had told him."

The theme topic of Humanity is present in Isabel's story because it is also showing how they were treated by people and are stating that they are 'just doing my job' while they were trying to get to safety. In the text it states “The Jewish people on the ship were seeking asylum, just like us. They needed a place to hide from Hitler. From the Nazis. Mañana, we told them. We’ll let you in mañana. But we never did.” Lito was crying now, distraught. “We sent them back to Europe and Hitler and the Holocaust. Back to their deaths. How many of them died because we turned them away? Because I was just doing my job?"

These two stories are connected through the them topic of Humanity because in both stories the refugees were treated the same way trying to escape from danger but people/officers are telling them they are 'just doing my job' while sending people back to where they tried to escape from.

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the theme topic of war is present in joseph story because the soldiers treated the people badly and the people lost all there things cause of the war the soldiers made josef mom pick one of her kids freedom for some diamonds in the text it states "but i think there is only enough here to buy freedom for one of your children".

The theme topic of war is present in Isabel's story because there was a war in Cuba and soldiers treated the people very badly and gave in the text it states"Freedom! Freedom! chanted some of the rioters ".

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because both of them had to leave their country because of war and they didn't have freedom so they left their country.

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The theme topic of Change over time is present in Josef's story because he was trying to become a man and doing things that could prove that he is a man but he was doing these things  because the things that happened to his family and him made him become the adult and didn't want to do kid stuff but at his last chapter he became a man because he saved his sister.  In the text it states "Josef watched his sister splashing around happily in the swimming pool on A-deck. For as much as he’d wanted to grow up, Josef wished now that he could join them. Be a little kid again, cheerfully oblivious to what was going on around him. But he wasn’t a kid anymore. He had responsibilities. Like keeping his sister and his mother safe. Papa had told him what the concentration camps were like. He couldn’t let that happen to Ruthie and his mother.  One of Rachel Landau’s children would go free, and one of her children would go into the camps. The Nazi soldier smiled at Josef’s mother. “You choose.”. “He was about your age, I think. I don’t remember much about him, but I do remember he always wanted to be a grown-up. ‘I don’t have time for games,’ he would tell me. ‘I’m a man now.’ And when those soldiers said one of us could go free and the other would be taken to a concentration camp, Josef said, ‘Take me.’ “My brother, just a boy, becoming a man at last.” The theme topic of Change over time is present in Mahmoud's story because  in his all the things that happened affected his brother Waleed. He has no reaction. When the bomb their apartment Waleed didn't even notice that the bomb hit their apartment. Like it happens every day. In the text it states "ShhhhhHHHHHH—THOOOOOOM! The wall of his apartment exploded, blasting broken bits of concrete and glass through the room. The floor lurched up under Mahmoud and threw him and the table and chairs back against the wall of the kitchen.“Waleed—Waleed, are you okay?” Mahmoud asked, turning him around. Waleed’s eyes were alive, but empty. “Waleed, talk to me. Are you all right?” Waleed finally looked up at him. “You’re bleeding” was all he said"   These two stories are connected through the theme topic of Change over time because Change over time because they both have a character that has changed over the course of these events that happen in their lives.

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The theme topic of War is present in Mahmoud´s story because it shows that everything has changed for him and his best friend Khalid. This  war ruined Mahmoud and Khalid friendship they were really close friends they always used to spend there time together after this day came that they were hitting Khalid and the other people used to call them both names so that is when Khalid told Mahmoud that it will be better for them to stop being friends and it will be better for both of them to be invisible because if they kept being friends they didn't know what was gonna come up next. In the text it states¨ That´s when Mahmoud  and Khalid had learned how valuable it was to be invisible. Mahmoud stayed in the classroom all day, never going to the bathroom or the playground¨.

The theme topic of War is present in Isabel´s story because it shows that  there was this problem where people were breaking into stores and some of them started taking stuff.   and smoke was coming out of the apartments and some of the people were going they started throwing rocks and water there were hundreds of people rushing to the side streets cars were beeping and the streets were full the people were screaming there was a march going on a type of war so that Fidel Castro can stop throwing people into Jail. In the text it states ¨ Isabel couldn't believe what she was hearing.People caught criticizing Fidel Castro were thrown into jail and never heard again.But now the streets were full of people yelling. ¨Down with Fidel¨ ¨Down with Fidel¨.
These two stories are connected through the theme topic war because they were both struggling on what was going on in their lives and how in Mahmoud´s story they will bully him with his friend Khalid and that is when it was better for them to be invisible and how this war ruined their friendship and how in Isabel´s story there was a war that people made because they wanted to stop Fidel Castro of throwing people to jail so they started breaking everything and taking things.

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The theme topic of war is present in Josef's story because when Josef landed on France it was all good but then days pass by and Germany went to war with France and Josef family had to run again they found a little house but the nazi found them.In the text it states, "At the chance she might really be able to buy their why out,Josef mother became hysterical .Wait! wait! i have Jewelry Diamonds!" She yanked at  Ruthie  coat,pulling it off over her head.The theme topic of war is present in Mahmoud  story because  his house was bomb and he lost his apartment wall and they had to run out the house or they will die because their Country when to war with them self.In the text it states,"By now he knew what   an incoming missile sounded like. ShhhhhHHHHHH-THOOOOOOM! The wall of his apartment exploded,blasting   broken bits of concrete and glass through the room.The   floor lurched up under Mahmoud and threw him and the   table and chairs back against the wall of the kitchen.The   world was a whirlwind of bricks and broken dishes and   table legs and heat,and Mahmoud slammed into a cabinet.   His breath left him all at once,and he fell to the floor with a   heavythud in a heap of metal and mortar.Mahmoud’s ears rang with a high-pitched whine,like the TV when the satellite was searching  for a signal.Above him,what was left of the ceiling light threw sparks. Nothing else mattered in  that moment but air. Mahmoud couldn’t draw a breath.These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because war can make you lose you house can make you lose someone you love,can make you die,can make you lose ever thing you love,can make people lose their job,war make people lose there money.

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The theme topic of Humanity is present in Isabel's story because Lito was a policeman during the Holocaust.He blames himself for the millions of Jewish refugees. In the text it states,"The Jewish people on the ship were seeking asylum, just like us. They needed a place to hide from Hitler.From Nazis.Manana, we told them. "We'll let you in manana.But we never did. Lito was crying, distraught. We sent them back to Europe and Hitler and the Holocaust.Back to their deaths. How many of them died because we turned them away? Because I was just doing my job."

The theme topic of Humanity is present in Josef's story because it shows how people/Officers treat them since they are refugees and don't have enough power. In the text it states, "If I do, I can assure you that you will most certainly be taken back to Germany. And you know what that means.” Josef steamed. He did know what that meant, but did Captain Schroeder know? Really know? How many  Germans really understood what was happening in the concentration camps? Josef knew, because his papa had told him."

These two stories are connected though the theme of Humanity because captain Schroeder and a young Lito were just doing their "job"

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The theme topic of war present in Josef's story because they didnt treat them right and only would treat them as less than a person because they made his mother choose between him or his sister and she picked josef thats why he died at the end. In the text it states, "One of Rachel Landau's children would go free, and one of her children would go into the camps. The nazi soldier smailed at Josef's mother , "You choose.". "

The theme topic of war present in Isabel's story because they were also treated less than a person which was really bad because they wouldnt let the people go anywhere else , and then the day came that they couldve left they tried to , but you didnt know how much time you had left. Isabel also had to give up her trumpet.  In the text it states, "Then suddenly a women screamed, a pistol fired--- pak!--- and the world went crazy. People rushed out of the side streets."

These two stories are connects through the theme topic of War because they both had to leave because people started to take over their country and started to bomb everywhere.

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The theme topic of war present in Josef's story because they weren't treat them right and they only treated them like animals because they made his mother choose between him or his sister to go to the camp thingy and the mother picked Josef that's why Josef died. In the text it states, "one of her children would go into the camps. The Nazi soldier smiled at Josef's mother, "You choose."."

The theme topic of war present in Isabel's story because they were also being treated like animals because they didn't let the people go somewhere else, and then they had a choice to leave they tried to, but they almost got caught and didn't know what would happen next. In the text it states, "Isabel waved in and out among them, her trumpet tucked under one arm, looking for Papi and Lito." "freedom! freedom! chanted some of the rioters.".

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because they both were treated like animals and they both almost got sent back to their homes, Isabel almost got caught while leaving Cuba and Josef was going back to Europe but on a different side of Europe.

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The theme topic of change over time is present in Mahmoud story because Mahmoud kept changing to invisible or visible then invisible then visible again depending on the situation he is on and how good stuff happen sometimes when he is visible and how bad stuff happens when he not visible.

In the text it states "They died so i could. do you understand?They died so all these people could live "

The theme topic of change over time presents in Josef story because He and his father both change roles through out the novel for example josef is the adult and the man but papa is now the child instead of the adult that he's supposed to be.

In the text it states "But in the past six months,josef and his father had traded places"

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of Change over time because After tragic events and rough things that happened they manage to keep going and how both Mahmoud and josef both wanted to be invisible at some point in the story.

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The theme topic of Change over time is present in Josef's story because when St Luis was leaving Josef and other people stopped the ship and held some people hostages and when he slapped his father across the face which showed he became more mature and changed over his journey. In the text it states, " We'll hold you as hostages. Suddenly, Josef saw what he had to do. He slapped his father across the face. Hard".

The theme topic of Change over time is present in Mahmoud's story because when Mahmoud and his family were taken to a Hungarian prison Mahmoud's father was hit by a nightstick and after that he didn't make jokes anymore. In the text it states, "Mahmoud's father didn't speak again, not even to make a joke".

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of Change over time because both Josef and Mahmoud's father changed because the way they were treated and how it affected them throughout their journey.

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The theme topic of The theme topic of Change over time is present in Josef's story because in the passage Josef slapped his father but before Josef's dad went to the consecration camp Josef's dad would've punished Josef and it shows how the time has change because Josef shows how he is the adult and how the father is the child and Josef is trying to tell the father what not to do so he doesn't get sent back to the concentration camp. In the text it states," Josef and his father traded places. Papa was the one acting like a child, and Josef was an adult."Character 2: The theme topic of Change over time is present in Mahmoud's story because he was going trough bombing out his life and homes being destroyed cause of the war going on cause of Bashar al-Assad action.

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of change over time because at some point Josef an Mahmoud both wanted to be invisible from other people and both went through hard times in their life and they still kept going.

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Character 1: The theme topic of change overtime is present in Josefs story because josef slapped his own Father across the face, In the text it states, " suddenly josef saw what he had to do, he slapped his father across the face hard" this shows that josef has changed. Character: 2 the theme topic of change overtime is present in isabel story because isabel went from brave to braver because she did brave stuff that others wouldn't done like take a big risk to drop the motor to the ocean to not sink the boat, in the text it states, " One, two, three amara told her One, two, three Up up up they rolled the engine, and onto the top of the side where it pushed the hull down below the surface of the sea" These two stories are connected through the them topic of change overtime because both of them change overtime but they change differently.

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The theme topic of war is present in Mahmound's story because In the text it states, "i found Khalid getting beating up by 2 older boys" this shows how war has changed him and other around him like how a lot of the Sunni Muslims thought they were better than the Shia Muslims all because of war

The theme topic of war is present in Josef's story because in the story we see a lot of war and change i know this because In the text it states, " i remember the smile she had the light in her eyes both long gone now" These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because they both show how war can change for the good and the bad

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The theme topic of war is present in Josef's story because in the story The Nazi soldier pulled both of Rachael landau's children and is making her decide which one stays and go's to the camps. In the text it states " One of Rachel Landau's children would go free, and one of her children would go into the camps. The Nazi soldier smiled at Josef's mother, "You choose."

The theme topic of war is present in Isabel's story because in the story there were many people rioting because of their terrible leader and that they want freedom. In the text it states " Freedom! Freedom!" chanted some of the rioters. Isabel couldn't believe what she was hearing. People caught criticizing Fidel Castro were thrown into jail and never heard from again."

These two stories are connected through the theme topic of war because both of them

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The theme topic of war is present in Mahmoud's story because in syria there was a lot of war and that is the reason why Mahmoud left. In the text it states, "But right then, khalid had been curled up into a ball on the ground, his hands around his head while the older boys had kicked them. Not so smart now, are you, pig? One of them had said. Shia should know their place! This is Syria not Iran."

The theme topic of war is present in Joseph's story because