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Table of Content and Project Team Members 

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Table of Content and Project Team Members 

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The following are the content of this project:

Introduction to project team members
(A) Introduction to the World Heritage Site
(B) Planning and Building Process
(C) Comparison of the real site and the build in Minecraft
(D) Problem solving upon completing this project
(E) Learning experience upon completing this project
(F) Suggestions to promote Sustainable Tourism
(G) Bibliography and Acknowledgement

Lenggong: Heritage Immortalised (padlet.com)  will be posted onto the submission form.

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The following are the contributors to this project:

(1) Dr. Por Fei Ping (Leader for Padlet project write-up & co-leader for multimedia presentation)
(2)   Dr. Corrienna Abdul Talib (Leader of multimedia presentation)
(3) Dr. Ng Khar Thoe (World builder, reviewer, planner, co-leader of project write-up and multimedia presentation)
(4)  Prof. Dr. Ong Eng Tek (Reporter for project write-up and multimedia presentation)
(5)  Prof. Dr. Lay Yoon Fah (Reporter for project write-up and multimedia presentation)

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(A) Introduction to the World Heritage site at Lenggong

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(A) Introduction to the World Heritage site at Lenggong

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The following is a brief introduction to UNESCO's World Heritage site at Lenggong, Perak:
Lenggong Valley in Perak, Malaysia was nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) on 30 June 2012 as a recognition of its archaeological importance given that Lenggong Valley is the “remnants of cultural landscape comprising river gravels, open-air stone tool workshop sites, limestone massifs and caves” (Goh, 2015, p. 145). Lenggong Valley archaeological site comprises 3 open sites and 4 cave sites which, taken together, covers an area of 399 hectares and a buffer zone of 1878 hectares. Additionally, Lenggong Valley archaeological site encompasses long prehistoric sequences that span from the Palaeolithic period to the Metal Age (Mokhtar, 2012).

In terms of its sites, the archaeological heritage of Lenggong Valley consists of 2 Clusters. Cluster 1 comprises two Palaeolithic open sites, namely Bukit Bunuh and Kota Tampan. The Bukit Bunuh site shows remnants of early human-made stone tools, dated as early as 1.83 million years BP, while the Bukit Tampan site uncovers an early undisturbed stone tool workshop dating to 74,000 years BP that supports the existence of the regional early lithic technology, and that the remnants of diversity and sophistication of tools indicate that tool-making technology in South-east Asia was as sophisticated as anywhere in the world (Zuraina, 2003).

Meanwhile, Cluster 2 comprises a Palaeolithic open site of Bukit Jawa and four cave sites -- (1) Gua Gunung Runtuh, (2) Gua Kajang, (3) Gua Teluk Kelawar, and (4) Gua Harimau. The Bukit Jawa open site, accidentally discovered in 1997 during the construction of an expressway in the Lenggong Valley, is an in situ stone-tool workshop site that has been dated to approximately 200,000 years BP (Zuraina, 1997). While the Bukit Jawa is similar to the Kota Tampan in that they are located on ancient lake shores, and that the quartz and quartzite stone tools found on these sites are morphologically similar, the difference is that the tools found in the former are slightly technologically underdeveloped in comparison to the latter (Zuraina, 1997). The cave sites, on the other hand, indicate the existence of human occupation during the late Palaeolithic and Metal Age between 13,000 and 1500 years BP, approximately. All these four caves contain traces of prehistoric human habitation from burials, and stone tools, to food remains, indicating the existence of human habitation, especially during the Holocene period (Goh, 2008).

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The following are the activities involved in planning and building:
(1) Firstly, the planner of this team sent a few links that were shortlisted for the team members to choose to build UNESCO's world heritage (UWH) sites. After voting made by all the team members on the Telegram group formed, the team decided to choose Lenggong as the UWH site in Perak, Malaysia since the hometown of a few of the team members is at Perak and there is possibility to visit the site one day.
(2)Then Padlet report writing URL was prepared by the leader of project reporting and sent to all team members to invite input from all.
(3) Then the planner reviewed literature from the websites to gain better picture of Lenggong Valley and found useful literature and photos, all of which were uploaded onto Google drive prepared by her and sent to all team members as reference for the preparation of powerpoint video later.
She started building the Minecraft World and posted some photos onto the google drive for comparison, reporting, etc.
(4) With the support by team members, the group leader will prepare template for powerpoint presentation (to insert photos/pictures related to the project) that will be converted into video later as requested by the organiser.

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(C) Comparison of the real site and the build in  Minecraft

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(C) Comparison of the real site and the build in  Minecraft

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The following are the brief illustrations of the comparison:
(1) ##(Compare1)outside is the comparison of pictures of front views between the real site Galeri Arkeologi (left) and the build of front view inside Minecraft world(right).
(2) ##(Compare2)hut is the comparison of pictures between  the real hut (left) and the build of hut inside Minecraft (right)
(3) ##(Compare3)bridge is the comparison of pictures between the real bridge (left) and the build of bridge inside Minecraft (right), the scenes that are seen from far.
(4) ##(Compare4)(MapToRefer5) is the comparison of pictures between the real map (left) and the build inside Minecraft where the map was posted onto the outside wall of the Exhibition House (right)

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(D) Problem solving upon completing this project

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(D) Problem solving upon completing this project

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Throughout the preparation of project, the team members faced the following problems that were solved accordingly.

(1) The project team members were struggling hard to do this project as all of them had important roles to play in the higher learning institutions and not much time could be spent on this.
(2) Another tough task to do is to access the original resources to build the world. Even though some of their home towns are in Perak, it is quite impossible to visit the place that is placed in very rural area that was not developed well. Hence the world builder had to explore the literature and resources mainly from websites only to get the real pictures of Lenggong Valley and to build the world based on her imagination.
(3) Technical knowledge/skills is another big problem to be solved. Since there are many places of Lenggong Valley with large distance apart that could not be built in Minecraft (e.g. the gallery and artifacts), the world builder gotta learn the skills to import pictures inside Minecraft and paste onto the wall of the Exhibition House that was also built merely on her own imagination.

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References

Goh, H.M. (2008). Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Cultural Evidence in Gua Kajang, Perak, Lenggong. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Goh, H. M. (2015) UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lenggong Valley, Malaysia: A Review of its Contemporary Heritage Management. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 17(2), 143-158. DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2015.1124180

Mokhtar, S. (2012). From Stone Age to Early Civilisation in Malaysia: Empowering Identity of Race. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

Zuraina, M. (1997). The Discovery of Bukit Jawa, Gelok, a Middle-Late Palaeolithic Site in Perak, Malaysia. Journal of the Malayasian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 70(2), 49–52.

Zuraina, M. (2003). Archaeology in Malaysia. Penang: Universiti Sains Press.

https://www.johornow.com/english/unesco-world-heritage-sites-malaysia/

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1396

https://www.johornow.com/english/unesco-world-heritage-sites-malaysia/

https://www.johornow.com/english/unesco-world-heritage-sites-malaysia/

Acknowledgement

We wish to acknowledge the organiser and supporting partners of the event especially the following personnels:
a. SMJK Yok Bin and collaborative partners, i.e. SEAMEO RECSAM, Empire Code, to name a few.
b. The mentors/project supervisors Dr. Ng Khar Thoe and Ms. Pang Yee Jiea who is executive secretary of this programme and her supporting team members in Empire Code for their technical advice.

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Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
The lush Lenggong Valley on the Malay Peninsula contains evidence in open-air and cave sites along the Perak River spanning all the periods of hominid history outside Africa from 1.83 million to 1,700 years ago.

Undisturbed in situ Palaeolithic stone tool workshops are located on the shores of a paleolake and ancient river gravel beds and dated in a long chronological sequence.

A meteorite strike 1.83 million b.p. blocked and diverted the river preserving Palaeolithic tools at Bukit Bunuh, where hand axes are among the oldest so far discovered outside Africa. Analysis suggests these were made by hominids which thus provide an extremely early date for hominid presence in South-East Asia.

A catastrophic Toba volcanic eruption 70,000 b.p. caused abandonment of a workshop site containing multiple tool types at Kota Tampan. Other workshop sites date from 200,000-100,000 BP at Bukit Jawa, 40,000 BP at Bukit Bunuh and 1000 BP at Gua Harimau.

The relative abundance of these sites hints at a relatively large or semi sedentary population.

Perak Man was discovered within Gua Gunung Runtuh cave. Perak Man is South-East Asia's oldest most complete human skeleton. It is radiocarbon dated to 10,120 BP and identified as Australomelanesoid, a hominid type occupying the western part of the Indonesia archipelago and continental South-East Asia at the end of the Pleistocene and early Holocene.

Within the large karst outcrop of Bukit Kepala Gajah are 20 caves. Three of these, Gua Gunung Runtuh, Gua Teluk Kelawar and Gua Kajang, have revealed prehistoric burials.

Together these four sites in two clusters sites represent the sequence of significant stages in human history unrivalled in the region.

Criterion (iii) : The series of cave and open air sites along the Perak River in the Lenggong Valley is an exceptional testimony to occupation of the area particularly during the Palaeolithic era, but also during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods from 1.83 million years ago to 1,700 years ago.

Criterion (iv) : The undisturbed in situ Palaeolithic stone tool workshops located on the shores of a paleolake and ancient river gravel beds and dated in a long chronological sequence are an outstanding ensemble of lithic technology.
Integrity
The Lenggong Valley has provided a fertile and environmentally stable habitat for repeated human occupation since early Palaeolithic times. The archaeological deposits are relatively undisturbed and generally in good condition, largely due to low visitation. The visual integrity is impacted by the current industrial agricultural plantations. The property contains all the elements necessary to express its values. However the whole valley holds the potential for further discoveries.
Authenticity
The authenticity of the property relates to the intactness of the sites themselves and of their landscape setting that allows understanding of ancient river gravel beds and the impact of meteoric impact. The documented evidence supports the values claimed for this site from 1.83 million to 1,700 years ago. The recent (post 1987) Lenggong Valley research relating to the story of early human migration ensures the reliability and authenticity of the property. Much of the documentation has been independently peer reviewed through the academic publishing process, albeit not yet on a fully international scale. The artefacts and research are available for study.
Protection and management requirements
All designated sites within the property are expected to be registered under the National Heritage Act 2005 and gazetted by 2012. The property is protected under the National Land Code 1965 and the Town and Country Planning Act 1976, where any removal of soil, rocks and minerals as well as development activities require approval from State and Local Governments. The Special Area Plan currently being prepared will further refine protection measures for the property and buffer zones under the Town and Country Planning Act.

The property including all components is managed by the Lenggong District Council (the local authority) with the co-operation of the Department of National Heritage (which is ultimately responsible for the nationally registered sites), and with the occasional assistance of the Centre for Global Archaeological Research, University of Science Malaysia.

A Heritage Steering Committee chaired by the Chief Minister of the State of Perak, with members representing Federal, State and Local governments and independent expert members, will cover all aspects of implementation of the Property Management Plan including fundraising. The Committee will be advised as to implementation of the work plan by a Heritage Technical and Scientific Committee, chaired by the District Officer. The District Council's Heritage Unit will be upgraded to become the World Heritage Office headed by a General Manager, the staff of which will implement the work plan with external assistance from the University of Science Malaysia and others as required.

The Property Management Plan for the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley needs to be completed, approved by all parties concerned and then the Plan will set out objectives including the development of tourism and visitor management strategies, risk management strategies and provision for stakeholder participation and collaboration.

In order to manage any increases in visitors, more active conservation needs to be undertaken to manage visitor impacts on the sites, to prevent graffiti and to address pressure for the development of tourism facilities in the buffer zone.

Responses to other potential threats, such as change of land use, housing development, and quarrying activities, need to be addressed through specific measures in the Management plan and the introduction of appropriate protection measures in planning policies.

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Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley

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Outstanding Universal Value Brief synthesis The lush Lenggong Valley on the Malay Peninsula contains evidence in open-air and cave sites along the Perak River spanning all the periods of hominid history outside Africa from 1.83 million to 1,700 years ago.

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(E) Learning experience upon completing this project

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(E) Learning experience upon completing this project

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The project team members were enriched and learnt a lot from the preparation of this project as summarized below:
(1) Learned that Malaysia has a UNESCO's World Heritage (UWH) site at Lenggong Valley that is well-known with its archaelogical site with popularly known 'Perak Man'.
(2) They learnt to prepare the template and write report using Padlet.com
(3) During the building process of Minecraft, the builder learnt how to estimate, compare, justify the selection of suitable block from Inventory to simulate the real one, etc.  Hence, critical/creative thinking skills were developed.
(4) The builder learnt new skills for Minecraft building, e.g. how to import photos/pictures inside the Minecraft world.

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(F) Suggestions to promote Sustainable Tourism

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(F) Suggestions to promote Sustainable Tourism

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The following are suggested to promote sustainable tourism if the local government could allocate funds to develop:
(1) Build a real exhibition house (as shown in the Minecraft world, probably with some entrance fee charged) near the Tasik Raban where tourists may visit and stay a few days. Then put all the necessary exhibits to attract their attention, probably guide them to visit the real Gallery built by USM.
(2) Attract tourists to visit Lenggong Valley by sharing interesting histories/stories about archaelogy and 'Perak Man', etc.
(3) Offer discounted tour package with guided tour of the sites.