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'Old' immigration- before 1890, mostly from northern and western Europe

'New' immigration- after 1890, mostly from southern and eastern Europe, also from China and Japan on the west coast

New immigration was concentrated in cities in order to work in factories

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Both were immigration processing centers

Ellis Island was in New York and processed immigrants crossing the Atlantic- mostly European

Angel Island was in San Francisco and processed immigrants crossing the Pacific- mostly Chinese and Japanese

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Why do people move?

Push factors- reasons to leave where you live: poverty, war, lack of opportunity, oppressive government, rigid social structure

Pull factors- reasons to move where you want to go: better opportunities for work, democratic government, social advancement

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With a rise in immigration came a rise in nativism- or native born people fearing/hating new immigrants

First started with Irish immigrants, later spread to include Asian, Jewish, and Eastern European immigrants

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Chinese Exclusion Act- barred almost all Chinese immigration starting in 1882, repealed in 1943

Immigration Act of 1882- Allowed officials to detain and reject immigrants, imposed a tax on incoming immigrants