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Avalanches happen when a large amount of unstable material falls down a slope, picking up speed and collecting more material as it travels. The most common type of avalanche involves snow and ice although avalanches may also contain rock and soil. Avalanches of rock and soil are often called landslides

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When a tsunamis reaches land ,the effects can be immediate and devastating.Tsunamis have the power to destroy building and sweep away cars and debris.
Rather than being a single wall of water, tsunamis tend to be series of waves known as wave trains.They could hit hours apa from each other.

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Earthquakes can cause:
- loss of life
- injuries
- displacement
- psychological trauma
- infrastructure damage
- economic losses
- disruption of services
- environmental hazards

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Loss health problems for people as a result of the smoke and ash
Loss of jobs and incomes for agricultural workers whose animals/crops are destroyed.
Decline in the tourist industry,leading to loss of jobs.
Loss of habitats for animals.
Homelessness.

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In the first world war, an estimated 40,000 - 80,000 soldiers died as a result of avalanches in the alps

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Tornadoes can cause serve physical injuries and fatalities due to strong winds, flying debris, and collapsing structures.They also lead to extensive property damage, financial loss, and displacement.Tornadoes have lasting emotional effects, causing anxiety and depression.They disrupt daily life, including schools and workplaces, leading to displacement, income loss, and education disruption.

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Floods can cause devastating damage to homes and possessions.However,flooding can also have positive im pacts on an area.
Flooding deposits fine silt onto the floodplains ,making it very fertile and excelent for farming.People living on or near floodplains may rely upon regular flooding to help support their farming and therefore food.

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Lower category cyclones can still be devastating , especially if they happen where many people live or where buildings aren’t made of strong materials. It is important that all people heed cyclone warnings.

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Arson-deliberate fire-starting.this is illegal.
Sparks from train wheels or machinery
Barbecues and camp fires which haven’t been extinguished properly.
Broken bottle acting as a magnifying glass and concentrating the sun’s rays.
Discarded cigarettes.
Electricity pylons falling down in high winds

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Avalanches can be caused by :
Weather condition (such as heavy snowfall,strong winds rising temperatures) that cause snow to be loosened;
Falling rocks,ice or overhanging masses of snow;
The movement of skiers or snowboarders.

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Tsunamis occur when a huge amount of energy deep underwater pushes the ocean up and outward,forming massive waves.This can happen because of:
1.Earthquakes
2.Underwater volcanic eruptions
3.Landslide into the ocean
4.Meteorite impacting into the ocean.

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Earthquakes happen where tectonic plates meet.
Earthquakes happen when volcanoes eruption. The surrounding rocks break and crack, leading to volcanic earthquakes.
Certain human activities, such as mining, filling of large reservoirs, and fracking, can induce earthquakes.

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Sometimes winds that usually bring rain to an area change direction so the rain falls elsewhere. Changing ocean currents can also cause drought.they can cause hotter than normal temperatures which  evaporate more moisture in the air.Climate change can also cause  hotter temperatures.

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Cyclones generally occur during the hotter summer months over really warm ocean water (with the surface temperature above 26.5 degrees) usually around the equator.

Water evaporates and forms storm clound. The clounds grow at more warm, humid air gets sucked up. Cyclones gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean water.

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Flooding is usually caused by heavy rain;the faster the rain water reaches the river channel,the more likely it is to flood.
A flood occurs when a river bursts its bank and the water spills onto the floodplain.

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More air flows in along the ground from all directions and the vortex moves downwards and becomes more narrow.

Funnel clouds form and develop into tornadoes.

You can see tornadoes because of the water droplets and dust caught up in them.

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Wildfires are unwanted land fire.They are sometimes known as bushfires in Australia and brush fires in the USA. Wildfires often begin unnoticed,but they spread quickly, igniting bushland,trees and homes. Wildfires can occur anywhere,but are common in forested areas of the United States,Canada,Australia and South Africa. The climates are wet enough to allow the growth of trees,but have extended dry,hot periods. Fires are common in the summer and autum,and during drought when fallen branches and leaves dy out and become highly flammable.

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Tsunamis are some of the most powerful and devastating natural disasters on Earth.
A tsunamis consists of huge waves of water that are created through massive force.
The word tsunamis means ‘harbor wave’ in Japanese.

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A flood is an overflow of water that covers land that is usually dry.
Some floods develop slowly,while others,such as flash floods,develop in just a few minutes and without any signs of rain.
Floods can be local,impacting a neighbourhood or community,or very large , affecting entire river basins.

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They have a calm part in the centre called the eye which is between 10-20 kilometres in diameter. The eye of the cyclone brings a temporary stillness; however, the severe winds return when it passes.

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A drought is a long period of time when there is a shortage of rain that causes a region to dry out.Severe droughts can last for many months of even years

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A tornado is a swirling funnel of air that can come down from some of the biggest clouds, called cumulonimbus.
At the same time, there can be thunder and lightning.

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An Earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's crust.

Approximately 20 major earthquakes happen each year. Thousands of smaller ones occur everyday and many of these are so small you can't feel them.

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Tsunamis -by Hannah

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By mia