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Hunter-gatherers in highland Mexico developed wild grass into the crop of corn. Corn cultivation became the foundation of Aztec and Incan civilizations.

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Corn planting reached the American Southwest and shaped the Pueblos culture. The Pueblos constructed irrigation systems to water their cornfields.

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The Mississippian settlement at Cahokia was home to over 25,000 people. Those of which included Anasazis. The Anasazis built a large pueblo with interconnected rooms.

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Norse seafarers from Scandinavia landed in present-day Newfoundland. Their discovery was soon forgotten.

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Italian adventurer Marco Polo returned to Europe in 1295 after a 20 year voyage in China and across Asia.

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Portuguese mariners developed the caravel, a ship that sails more closely into the wind. The caravel was a vital technological advancement in Europe's expansion through Africa. There, they adopted the slave practices of the Africans and Arabs, creating a slave plantation system.

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Italian seafarer Christopher Columbus went on a daring adventure, discovering the Bahamas on the way. Columbus' discovery eventually convulsed four continents - Europe, Africa, North and South America.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Centuries after Columbus' discovery, the Columbia Exchange shaped the New World with Old World goods. This exchange was a trade system between America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Many goods were exchanged, but so were diseases.

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The Treaty of Tordesillas distributed the New World lands between Spain and Portugal. Spain got the majority of land, however, Portugal received territory in Africa and Asia.

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Caboto explored the northeastern coast of North America (first English representative to America).

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Vasco Nunez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer who crossed Panama in the Pacific Ocean and claimed those lands for Spain.

Juan Ponce de Leon explored Florida, seeking gold.

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Hernan Cortes traveled to Mexico and tricked the Aztec chieftain, Moctezuma. Cortes attacked the Aztecs and sieged their city in 1521 (noche triste).
During this time, Ferdinand Magellan traveled off the tip of South America but was slain by inhabitants in the Philippines.

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Giovanni da Verrazano (Italian) probed the eastern shore-board. Ten years later, Frenchman Jacques Cartier journeyed up the St. Lawrence River.

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Hernando de Soto went on a gold seeking expedition, discovering the Mississippi River. He brutally mistreated Indians.

From 1540-1542 Francisco Coronado wandered through Arizona and New Mexico, going towards Kansas.

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The Battle of Acoma was led by Don Juan de Onate. Spaniards cruelly abused Pueblos people in New Mexico.

1609 - Spain proclaimed the area they conquered to be New Mexico.

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Pope's Rebellion was an act against religion. Pueblos destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed hundreds of Spanish settlers.

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Spanish missionaries led by Father Junipero Serra founded San Diego and christianized 300,000 native Californians, including native americans.