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“Pearl Harbor Attack, December 7, 1941: The National WWII Museum: New Orleans.” The National WWII Museum | New Orleans, www.nationalww2museum.org/war/topics/pea

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The attack on Pearl Harbor took place December 7, 1941, when Japanese military attacked the United States Naval Base in Hawaii. Japan initiated this attack as a buffer to allow them more time in Asia, so they were able to attack and retreat without US interference. This event was crucial to anime history as it led to the creation of one of the most popular anime series in the 1940s: Momotaro.

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“The Spider and the Tulip (Review).” The View from the Junkyard, 24 July 2021, junkyard.blog/2021/07/26/the-spider-and-the-tulip/. 

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During the release of Momotaro: Sacred Sailors, there was a bonus film released, called The Spider and the Tulip. The film is known to be “enchanting” but there are stated to be historical examples of blackface. Unlike most anime released in the 1940s, this film is not based around any wartime but instead is a symbol of how people are able to rely on beauty when there is horror around them.

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“Momotaro’s Sea Eagles.” TV Tropes, tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Anime/MomotarosSeaEagles. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023. 

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Momotaro: Sea Eagles was produced by the Japanese navy, retelling the bombing of Pearl Harbor. This was a propaganda film, and the first animated film to be viewed in Japan. The film is about four animals that work together to destroy “Devil’s Island” (representing the British and United States). A few years later, another animated film, Momotaro: Sacred Sailors, was created as a sequel.

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“Fuku-Chan’s Submarine.” IMDb, IMDb.com, 9 Nov. 1944, www.imdb.com/title/tt0422291/. 

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The first Fuku-chan short film to be released in 1944, featuring Japan's most popular newspaper comic strip boy. This film shows a submarine attack being performed on the enemies cargo ship with food on it. There were numerous short films made about Fuku-chan, as he was a very popular character in Japan during the 1940s.

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says:, Sam. “MacArthur’s Occupation of Japan: Lessons on Counterinsurgency.” Warfare History Network, 4 July 2023, warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/macarthurs-

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1945-1952: The American Occupation of Japan 

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1945-1952: The American Occupation of Japan 

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After World War II the American Occupation of Japan occurred from 1945-1952. The American Occupation of Japan created numerous social reforms such as sexual equality (Yamaguchi Yasuo). Because of this, anime was a huge relief for people in Japan and there were many styles of anime that emerged and changed because of this event in history.

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World War II was a vicious, bloody war that both Japan and the United States were involved in. It took place from 1939 to 1945. This war was important to anime as, after it ended, this was a new topic written into anime. Many anime series such as Hetalia:Axis of Powers, Zipang, and Letters from Hibakusha were all said to have been written about this war.

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Aug 28, 12:00 manga, et al. “Forum - View Topicanime and Pearl Harbor.” Anime And Pearl Harbor - Forum - Anime News Network, www.animenewsnetwork.com/bbs/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=3169816. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

Barboza, Brianna. “Anime and Manga through WWII.” Game Rant, 3 Aug. 2022, gamerant.com/anime-and-manga-through-wwii/.

“Fuku-Chan’s Submarine (1944).” MUBI, 1 Jan. 1970, mubi.com/en/us/films/fuku-chan-s-submarine.

“Fuku-Chan’s Submarine.” IMDb, IMDb.com, 9 Nov. 1944, www.imdb.com/title/tt0422291/.

“Momotaro’s Sea Eagles.” TV Tropes, tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Anime/MomotarosSeaEagles. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

“Momotarō No Umiwashi / Momotarô’s Sea Eagles.” Momotarō No Umiwashi / Momotarô’s Sea Eagles | Gender and War since 1600, gwonline.unc.edu/node/6459#:~:text=Momotar%C3%B4’s%20Sea%20Eagles%20is%20an,together%20for%20a%20common%20goal. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

“Momotarō No Umiwashi / Momotarô’s Sea Eagles.” Momotarō No Umiwashi / Momotarô’s Sea Eagles | Gender and War since 1600, gwonline.unc.edu/node/6459#:~:text=Momotar%C3%B4’s%20Sea%20Eagles%20is%20an,together%20for%20a%20common%20goal. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

“Pearl Harbor Attack, December 7, 1941: The National WWII Museum: New Orleans.” The National WWII Museum | New Orleans, www.nationalww2museum.org/war/topics/pearl-harbor-december-7-1941. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

A Pearl Harbor Fact Sheet - Census.Gov, www.census.gov/history/pdf/pearl-harbor-fact-sheet-1.pdf. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

says:, Sam. “MacArthur’s Occupation of Japan: Lessons on Counterinsurgency.” Warfare History Network, 4 July 2023, warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/macarthurs-occupation-of-japan-lessons-of-counterinsurgency/.

“The Spider and the Tulip (Review).” The View from the Junkyard, 24 July 2021, junkyard.blog/2021/07/26/the-spider-and-the-tulip/.

“Timeline of Events in Japan.” Facing History & Ourselves, www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/timeline-events-japan. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/japan-reconstruction. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.

“World War II.” Topics, americanindian.si.edu/static/why-we-serve/topics/world-war-2/. Accessed 28 Aug. 2023.