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co je hacking- formy, využití/zneužití

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Hacking-Definition, Types, Security, and More

A commonly used hacking definition is the act of compromising digital devices and networks through unauthorized access to an account or computer system. Hacking is not always a malicious act, but it is most commonly associated with illegal activity and data theft by cyber criminals.

But what is hacking in a cyber security context?

Hacking in cyber security refers to the misuse of devices like computers, smartphones, tablets, and networks to cause damage to or corrupt systems, gather information on users, steal data and documents, or disrupt data-related activity.

A traditional view of hackers is a lone rogue programmer who is highly skilled in coding and modifying computer software and hardware systems. But this narrow view does not cover the true technical nature of hacking. Hackers are increasingly growing in sophistication, using stealthy attack methods designed to go completely unnoticed by cybersecurity software and IT teams. They are also highly skilled in creating attack vectors that trick users into opening malicious attachments or links and freely giving up their sensitive personal data.

As a result, modern-day hacking involves far more than just an angry kid in their bedroom. It is a multibillion-dollar industry with extremely sophisticated and successful techniques.

History of Hacking/Hackers

Hacking first appeared as a term in the 1970s but became more popular through the next decade. An article in a 1980 edition of Psychology Today ran the headline "The Hacker Papers" in an exploration of computer usage's addictive nature. Two years later, two movies, Tron and WarGames, were released, in which the lead characters set about hacking into computer systems, which introduced the concept of hacking to a wide audience and as a potential national security risk.

Sure enough, later that year, a group of teenagers cracked the computer systems of major organizations like Los Alamos National Laboratory, Security Pacific Bank, and Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. A Newsweek article covering the event became the first to use the word "hacker" in the negative light it now holds.

This event also led Congress to pass several bills around computer crimes, but that did not stop the number of high-profile attacks on corporate and government systems. Of course, the concept of hacking has spiraled with the release of the public internet, which has led to far more opportunities and more lucrative rewards for hacking activity. This saw techniques evolve and increase in sophistication and gave birth to a wide range of types of hacking and hackers.

Types of Hacking/Hackers

There are typically four key drivers that lead to bad actors hacking websites or systems: (1) financial gain through the theft of credit card details or by defrauding financial services, (2) corporate espionage, (3) to gain notoriety or respect for their hacking talents, and (4) state-sponsored hacking that aims to steal business information and national intelligence. On top of that, there are politically motivated hackers-or hacktivists -who aim to raise public attention by leaking sensitive information, such as Anonymous, LulzSec, and WikiLeaks.

A few of the most common types of hackers that carry out these activities involve:

Black Hat Hackers

Black hat hackers are the "bad guys" of the hacking scene. They go out of their way to discover vulnerabilities in computer systems and software to exploit them for financial gain or for more malicious purposes, such as to gain reputation, carry out corporate espionage, or as part of a nation-state hacking campaign.

These individuals' actions can inflict serious damage on both computer users and the organizations they work for. They can steal sensitive personal information, compromise computer and financial systems, and alter or take down the functionality of websites and critical networks.

White Hat Hackers

White hat hackers can be seen as the "good guys" who attempt to prevent the success of black hat hackers through proactive hacking. They use their technical skills to break into systems to assess and test the level of network security, also known as ethical hacking. This helps expose vulnerabilities in systems before black hat hackers can detect and exploit them.

The techniques white hat hackers use are similar to or even identical to those of black hat hackers, but these individuals are hired by organizations to test and discover potential holes in their security defenses.

Grey Hat Hackers

Grey hat hackers sit somewhere between the good and the bad guys. Unlike black hat hackers, they attempt to violate standards and principles but without intending to do harm or gain financially. Their actions are typically carried out for the common good. For example, they may exploit a vulnerability to raise awareness that it exists, but unlike white hat hackers, they do so publicly. This alerts malicious actors to the existence of the vulnerability.

Devices Most Vulnerable To Hacking

Smart Devices

Webcams

Webcams built into computers are a common hacking target, mainly because hacking them is a simple process. Hackers typically gain access to a computer using a Remote Access Trojan (RAT) in rootkit malware, which allows them to not only spy on users but also read their messages, see their browsing activity, take screenshots, and hijack their webcam.

Routers

Email

Jailbroken Phones

Jailbreaking a phone means removing restrictions imposed on its operating system to enable the user to install applications or other software not available through its official app store. Aside from being a violation of the end-user's license agreement with the phone developer, jailbreaking exposes many vulnerabilities. Hackers can target jailbroken phones, which allows them to steal any data on the device but also extend their attack to connected networks and systems.

Prevention from Getting Hacked

Software Update

Use Unique Passwords for Different Accounts

HTTPS Encryption

Avoid Clicking on Ads or Strange Links

Change the Default Username and Password on Your Router and Smart Devices

Routers and smart devices come with default usernames and passwords. However, as providers ship millions of devices, there is a risk that the credentials are not unique, which heightens the chances of hackers breaking into them. It is best practice to set a unique username and password combination for these types of devices.

Protect Yourself Against Hacking

Download from First-party Sources

Install Antivirus Software

Use a VPN

Do Not Login as an Admin by Default

Use a Password Manager

Use Two-factor Authentication

Brush Up on Anti-phishing Techniques

Users must understand the techniques that hackers deploy to target them. This is especially the case with antiphishing and ransomware, which help users know the telltale signs of a phishing email or a ransomware attack or ransomware settlements.

Don't Let Hackers Drive You Out of Business

Learn more about today's threat landscape and how to protect your organization from sophisticated attacks.

Watch the on-demand webinar

What is Ethical Hacking? How Legal is Ethical Hacking?

How Fortinet Can Help

Fortinet protects organizations from hacking with its suite of industry-leading cybersecurity solutions and threat intelligence. The Fortinet antivirus service reduces the risk of malware causing a data breach, blocks the latest threats, and protects organizations from zero-day attacks. The Fortinet antivirus solution plays a crucial role in securing enterprises' entire attack surface and IT environments, from on-premises and cloud-based systems to IoT and mobile devices.

FAQs

What is hacking?

Hacking is the act of compromising digital devices and networks by gaining unauthorized access to an account or computer system. A key part of understanding hacking is understanding the intent behind it, which usually involves the hacker seeking access to digital infrastructure, application data, and stealing sensitive customer information that could damage companies if leaked online. When hacking is used to solicit money, it's referred to as ransomware.

What are the seven types of hackers?

There are many different types of hackers, the most common of which are black, grey, and white hat hackers. Black hat hackers are the bad guys-the cyber criminals. The white hat or ethical hackers are the good guys, while grey hat hackers are somewhere in the middle.

Other common hacker types include blue hat hackers, which are amateur hackers who carry out malicious acts like revenge attacks, red hat hackers, who search for black hat hackers to prevent their attacks, and green hat hackers, who want to learn about and observe hacking techniques on hacking forums.

Other common hacker types are cyber terrorists, hacktivists, state- or nation-sponsored hackers, script kiddies, malicious insiders, and elite hackers. Some hacker groups are very well organized and continue to find new ways to identify weaknesses and organize security penetration of large and small organizations.

What is the biggest hack in history?

Which country has the most hackers?

China is believed to be the country with the highest number of dangerous hackers. Most of the major cyberattacks that occurred around the world can be traced back to China.

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What Is Hacking? Types of Hacking & More | Fortinet

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Hacking-Definition, Types, Security, and More A commonly used hacking definition is the act of compromising digital devices and networks through unauthorized access to an account or computer system. Hacking is not always a malicious act, but it is most commonly associated with illegal activity and data theft by cyber criminals.

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Rozumné nakládání s citlivými informacemi

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Rozumné nakládání s citlivými informacemi

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Sociální sítě mohou být zábavné, ale mohou být i nebezpečné, když si je správně nezabezpečíte.

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na co si dát pozor- programy na počítači

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na co si dát pozor- programy na počítači

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Spyware, adware, ransomware...

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1. Přístup k informacím

Uživatelé mají možnost získat informace z různých zdrojů po celém světě.

2. Svoboda projevu

Uživatelé mohou vyjadřovat své názory, diskutovat o různých tématech a sdílet své myšlenky.

3. Digitální aktivismus

Internet umožňuje organizaci protestů, petic nebo informování o společenských problémech.

4. Anonymita a soukromí (v ideálním případě)

Lidé mohou vystupovat anonymně, což je důležité v represivních režimech.

5. Inovace a podnikání

Otevřený internet podporuje start-upy, open-source projekty a svobodnou výměnu nápadů.

6. Přístup ke vzdělání

Online kurzy, knihovny a videa zpřístupňují vzdělání globálně.

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Cenzura a blokace webů

Některé vlády omezují přístup k určitým stránkám nebo blokují sociální sítě.

Masový dohled

Sledování uživatelů státními institucemi nebo firmami ohrožuje soukromí.

Dezinformace a propaganda

Svoboda slova může být zneužita k šíření lží, konspirací nebo nenávisti.

Tresty za online vyjádření

V některých zemích mohou být lidé zatčeni nebo perzekvováni za své příspěvky na internetu.

Regulace a zákony omezující svobodu

Například zákony o „digitální bezpečnosti“, které mohou být zneužity k umlčení opozice.

Filtrace a omezení sítí (např. školní nebo firemní sítě)

Omezený přístup k obsahu může být zaveden i mimo státní dohled.

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chraní soukromí lidí- stát, firmy smějí údaje shromažďovat a používat jen se souhlasem, musí je zabezpečit proti zneužití

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Přehled základních pojmů a informací vztahujících se k obecnému nařízení.

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Deepfake je technologie, která umožňuje vytváření falešného digitálního obsahu (převážně videí). Dokáží realisticky nahradit tváře a hlasové stopáže v existujících videích, fotografiích anebo zvukových nahrávkách.

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Antivirový program a firewall jsou základní nástroje kyberbezpečnosti. Antivir chrání před škodlivým softwarem a firewall hlídá, kdo se k počítači nebo síti může připojit. Společně pomáhají zabránit útokům a ochránit citlivá data.

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každý má právo na projevení názoru, ale není to neomezené.

omezení (cenzura, ban) při projevech podněcujících nenávist etc.

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European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

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Phishing:

E-maily a zprávy od neznámých odesílatelů, které se snaží uživatele oklamat k poskytnutí citlivých údajů.

Krádež hesel:

Zneužití slabých nebo znovupoužívaných hesel k přístupu k osobním účtům a datům.

DDoS útoky:

Zahltí servery a sítě tak, že se stanou nedostupnými.

Nedostatečné zabezpečení zařízení:

Používání nelegálního softwaru, starých operačních systémů a slabých hesel.

Lidská chyba:

Nesprávné jednání uživatelů (např. klikání na škodlivé odkazy) je stále jednou z hlavních příčin bezpečnostních incidentů.

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1. Délka alespoň 12–16 znaků

Čím delší, tím lepší.

2. Kombinaci různých znaků:

Velká písmena (A–Z)

Malá písmena (a–z)

Čísla (0–9)

Speciální znaky (! @ # $ % ^ & * - _ + = apod.)

3. Nepoužívat osobní údaje

Vyhnout se jménům, datům narození, přezdívkám nebo oblíbeným slovům.

4. Žádná běžná slova nebo fráze

Vyhnout se slovům jako password, 123456, qwerty, iloveyou atd.

5. Unikátnost pro každou službu

Každý účet by měl mít jiné heslo, aby při úniku jednoho nebyly ohroženy i ostatní.

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Aktualizace chrání počítač před útoky a zajišťují, že programy fungují správně. Nejde jen o nové funkce, ale hlavně o opravy chyb a bezpečnostních děr.

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Jiří Bavor: Kybernetická bezpečnost versus svoboda internetu 2/2

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PIN kód v Windows Hello je přidružený jenom k jednomu zařízení a často po vás požaduje jeho změnu.

Další příklad lepší bezpečnosti: častá změna PINu.