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abraham lincoln won the presidential election of 1860 in a four-way contest. lincoln received less than 40% of the popular vote, he won the electoral college vote over stephen douglas, john breckenridge, and john bell.

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the battle ended the confederate army of northern virginia's first invasion into the north and led abraham lincoln to issue the preliminary emancipation proclamation.

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abraham lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation on january 1, 1863, announcing, "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free."

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the confederate surrender there ensured union control of the mississippi river and cleaved the south in two.

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the battle was fought in and around the town of gettysburg, pennsylvania, by union and confederate forces during the american civil war.

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the gettysburg address was a speech given by abraham lincoln, at the official dedication of the soldiers national cemetery.

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the reconstruction was aimed at reorganizing the southern states after the civil war, providing the means for readmitting them into the Union, and defining the means by which whites and blacks could live together in a non-slave society.

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passed by congress on january 31, 1865, and ratified on december 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the united states.

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union victory, lee's formal surrender to grant at appomattox court house on april 9, 1865, brought the war in virginia to an end.

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at ford's theatre in washington, D.C., on the evening of april 14, 1865, shot in the head by confederate sympathizer john wilkes booth, lincoln died the next morning.