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oestrogen and progesterone, which play an important role in female reproductive health, and testosterone, which is the main reproductive hormone in males.

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Cortisol, Oxytocin, Adrenaline

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• dominant animals express higher levels of dominance behaviours such as aggression, territorial defence and mate guarding

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Thyroxine- secreted from the thyroid gland and controls basal metabolic rate

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Different reproduction and mating behaviour examples:

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Different reproduction and mating behaviour examples:

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the signalling of intent to mate

the attraction of mates

courtship

copulation

parental behaviour

defending territory

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The most common hormones related to parental care and nesting include estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol, testosterone and oxytocin.

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higher levels of testosterone occur when it comes to social hierarchy

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Increased dopamine and serotonin levels when it comes to dominant behaviours in a social hierarchy

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possesses both long term and short term on ruminant nutrient partitioning and food intake.

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in a herd of feral goats, it is a large male that is dominant and maintains discipline and coherence of the flock.

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In most bird species, parental care can be provided by both female and male individuals and includes specific stages such as nesting, laying, and hatching. During these periods, a series of neuroendocrine responses are triggered to motivate parental care and attachment.

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for example, in cows🐄

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Ghrelin is secreted to signal when an animal should eat. Once the animal has eaten, ghrelin levels will decrease.

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Fight or Flight, changes in feeding patterns + weight changes, changes in hormone levels (internal),increased heart rate, decreased reproductive capacity, immunosuppression

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helps regulate the long term balance between your body’s food intake and energy use.

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A peacock that's spreading its feathers is trying to attract a mate. The peacock has large, multicolored tail feathers that can be spread out into a fan shape.

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white-browed sparrow weavers defended territories from other groups using a chorus vocalisation. the song was performed by the breeding males and females. levels of LUTEINISING HORMONE were elevated in the breeding females