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Dog has been run over outside your house 

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Dog has been run over outside your house 

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Risks: more cars driving past, being bitten as animal is in pain/shock etc.

what injuries might you suspect based on the scenario: Broken bones, internal bleeding, head injuries blunt trauma, shock, ruptured diaphragm.

What first aid: CPR if unresponsive, stabilising obvious brakes with a splint is necessary(not a tail(, if bleeding then apply form pressure, keep the animal warm by using blankets and coats, call the vet ASAP. It is also a good idea to move the animal out the road by using a “stretcher” or something similar.

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1. cat fight.

2. risk to self - eg scratching.

3. bites scratches falls: open/incision wounds, blunt trauma, broken nails, spread of diseases

4. restrain them, wear gloves, bandaging, check for bleeding, check nails, check pain to observe fractures, check pupils (response to stimuli)

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What is the scenario - a dog has fallen out of a car window and onto a busy road

What risks might be present in attending this animal - shock, other cars, no vets near as on motorway

What conditions might you suspect based on the scenario - shock, hypothermia (in video was during winter), broken or fractured bones, bleeding

What first aid would you provide - contact vet immediately, calm animal from shock, if possible splint the broken limb

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1. Blunt trauma, broken limbs, hypothermia, potentially puncture wounds (branches), spinal injury?

2. Slipping, hypothermia, tree branches falling on head

3. Call the vet! Blankets to keep warm, try to move inside/somewhere warm if possible. Bandaging if needed. Splint limbs if necessary.

4. Slide a blanket/parcel shelf underneath them and use it to carry them to a car, keeping the spine and head as straight as possible. Put in large box full of blankets if possible. Use hot water bottles etc.

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A horse has suffered a severe leg trauma; the animal was found at dusk in its field and the weather is cold and wet

What risks might be present?

1. Horse may be panicking and likely to be unpredictable

2. Uneven, muddy ground

3. If the horse is down and unable to get back up, this can cause internal organ damage

4. Lack of restraint equipment available

5. Whatever caused the leg injury may still be present in the field

6. Cold and wet weather may rose a risk of hypothermia to both human and horse

What injuries might you suspect?

1. Fractures

2. Ligament or tendon damage

3. Haemorrhage

4. Shock

5. Injuries to other parts of the body

6. Total or partial amputation of limb

What first aid would you provide?

1. Assess for danger

2. Check airways, breathing, circulation

3. Access restraint equipment

4. Call vet

5. Prevent blood loss by applying pressure

6. Bandage or splint if necessary

7. Cover eyes/ears to reduce stressful stimuli

8. Keep animal warm with rug or blanket

How would you transport the animal?

1. Stabilise the horse and immobilise injury

2. Low ramps for horse trailer

3. Partition the trailer to reduce weight load on injured limb

4. Face horse backwards for a foreleg injury and forwards for a hind leg injury to cushion sudden stops

5. Vet may need to sedate

6. Ensure horse is correctly restrained

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1. Dog has hyperthermia

2. You could also get too hot/burnt depending on why he is hot

3. Heat stroke, dehydration, sun burn?

4. Move them to/create a shady place. Cool down at the same temperature they warmed up using ice packs, fans, cold blankets etc. give sips of water.

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1.What dangerous situations occur in this clip?

The cats are fighting each other which lead to injury and harm to themselves

2.What risks might be present in attending this animal?

Being attacked by the fighting inderviduals

3.What injuries might you suspect based on the scenarios?

Cuts, bites, broken nails, loss of fur, puncture wound

4.What first aid would you provide?

Apply pressure to areas that are bleeding, clean the areas with settle solution and clear, bandage wounds if necessary, remove any fur obstructing wounds

DISTRESS AND SHOCK

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Wet, slippery, dark? Risk of further injury. Horse is scared and may bolt, creating more damage trying to escape.

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Risk

Cars driving on the road

Dog bitting

Getting struck by lighting

Injuries

Fractures

Concussion

Impalement

Gashes/large cuts

Bruises

Internal Bleeding

Crush injuries/ contusions

Dislocated limbs

First aid

CPR

Bandages

Splint

Move to safer location - to prevent Rutherford injury

Immobilise the animal

Keep warm put a towel/blanket

Give fluids

Add pressure - to stop/reduce haemorrhaging

Clean wounds - remove debris and foreign objects and apply antiseptic to stop infections

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1) RTA , the horse is hit by a truck in icy conditions

2) The horse being stressed out and kicking out, or attempting to run off and causing further risk to itself and others.

More trucks driving through the road

3) Shock, hemorraging, fractures, blunt trauma including penetrative or blunt and possibly some kind of burn

4) Assess the type of emergency, check the airways are maintained, make sure the hemorrhage is under control. Call the veterinary surgeon ASAP

check for signs for shock aka rapid heart rate, pale mucous membrane colour or weak pulse

either hypothermia or hyperthermia then react accordingly

if bleed is manageable try to cover it over by wrapping something around to prevent further haemorrhaging.

Try to ensure the horse stays still especially if a fracture is suspected so that further damage isn’t caused.

Danielle & Hermione

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1. Spinal injuries, hypothermia from the weather, fractures, head injuries, shock , organ damage, abrasions and penatration wound, internal bleeding

2. You could get hypothermia, there could be traffic nearby, could be slippery cause of the ice, if the cat can move it may be aggressive and hurt you.

3. Blanket over it to keep warm, limit movement to prevent further injury, splint any obvious fractures, check responses , capillary refill test, check airways are clear and feel for a pulse. Clean any wounds and bandage them if needed, apply pressure to any haemorrhaging or serious bleeding to prevent blood loss Call a vet

4. Use a parcel shelf or board of some kind and slide it underneath to prevent the injury from worsening and keep the spine straight and put it into a safe car preferably with another person.

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What is happening to the dog in this scenario:

The dog is drowning and becomes exhausted to the point of not being able to hold himself afloat in the water

What risks might be present in attending this animal:

Could become aggressive if it wakes up and is in shock

What conditions might you suspect based on the scenario:

Flooded lungs

Hypothermia

What first aid would you provide:

Unblocking the airways

Chest/stomach compressions

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Open wound, fracture, bruising, hypothermia, shock, haemorrhaging, weak life signs (RR & HR), lethargy, change in gait, respitory distress

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1. In this scenario the dog appears to be suffering of a heatstroke (hyperthermia).

2. Considering we do not know the animal he may be reactive, however considering he is much weaker the chances are low.

3. The dog may be unconscious, distressed, or vomiting.

4. Onced removed or taken away from heat source, you would cool him down with cold water, ice pack or wet towel. If you have some on you, you may hydrate the him by offering small amount of water once the dog has cool downed.

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Dog dragged behind lorry, flew off side, part of RTA.

Risks: danger for attendee on road, aggression from dog,

Possible Injuries: haemorrhage, internal bleeding, Fractures, Organ damage/failure, shock, head, neck and spinal injuries, brain damage, hypothermia, blunt force trauma

First Aid: Check for danger, Check for response, Shout for help and call vet, Ensure airways, Check breathing, Check circulation using CRT, Check mucous membrane colour, Keep animal warm with blankets, If unresponsive and no breathing or pulse begin CPR, apply pressure to any bleeding

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1.What is happening in this scenario?

The dog is over heating in the car and suffering with hyperthermia

2.What risks might be present in attending this animal?

Cant break the car window and the dog may be aggressive towards a person they don't know

3.What injuries might you suspect based on the scenarios?

Heat stroke and hyperthermia, symptoms include, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, rapid panting, distressed, lack of coordination, unconscious dead

4.What first aid would you provide?

Cool down slowly with cool water and ice packs to the body, remove form the area give small sips of water and move to the shade

DISTRESSED AND SHOCK

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Splint if you are confident and its needed, help from owner, call vet, blankets, makeshift shelter or pop up gazebo/umbrella, apply blindfold to reduce stress, prevent further loss of blood,

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A cat has fallen out of a tree and can't move, the weather is cold and icy.

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A cat has fallen out of a tree and can't move, the weather is cold and icy.

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1- check animal is still breathing, Head trauma, internal bleeding, broken limbs, spinal injury

2- hypothermia, paralysis, slips, trips and falls of first aider. Injury to first aider from cat.

3- check animal is responding call vet to notify you'llbe coming and get advice. Check heart rate, capillary refil time if you can, check airways are clear. Due to the fall their could be blood in the airways. Stabilise the cat on a board (parcel shelf/cardboard). Check for other animals in the area and get them away to reduce stress responses from the animal. Check for visible fractures and stabilise them to prevent further damage. Make sure cat is warm as it could go into hypovolemic shock. Use Blankets to warm it up.

4- put cat on parcel shelf or cardboard to stabilise it and prevent further spinal damage that could lead to paralysis. Put cat in car somewhere that it shouldn't move a lot. Get to vets and follow the previous instructions you have been given by the vet when you called them

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Risks:

• horse could kick or buck at people near to it.

• horse could get hypothermia.

• amount of time the horse has been lying down leading to organ failure.

•If the horse is bitten, be aware of any nearby animals that may have caused it.

Injuries:

• limb fracture

•organ damage

•hypothermia

•internal bleeding and haemorrhaging

•Shock

•bite

•puncture wound

First aid:

• calm and relax the horse as much as possible.

• Provide blankets for warmth as well as to help stop haemorrhaging and bleeding.

• cover the horses head to assist in keeping it calm.

• Clean wound and then apply a moist dressing and the bandaging if bleeding and haemorrhaging.

• Provide splint for the fracture.

• If wound is punctured, do not remove foreign object, continue to bandage wound.

Transport to vet if needed:

• Get a horse trailer as close to the horse as possible.

•Get a number of people to lift the horse, avoiding the hind legs and the rear side, into the trailer.

•Use a frame if possible.

•The best position for the horse is to stand or to remain as upright as possible.

•Observe the horses movement at all times.

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Call vet, ask owner for help, use any equiptment the owner may have e.g. hoist, trailer, etc. Call RSPCA. Can horse walk? Get more hands to help.

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What is the scenario?

A dog and wolf are fighting in wet, cold and muddy weather. Dog was bitten multiple times in the neck and face areas.

What risks might be present in attending this animal?

aggression/anxiety

Shock (hypervolemic)

Withdrawal (possibility of making injury worse with movement)

Unconsciousness

Unsafe heart rate

What injuries may you suspect based on the scenarios?

penetrative trauma (bacteria/infection)

Excessive bleeding

Heck/spine injury

Fractures (hindlimb/tail)

Hypothermia

Swelling/bruising

what first aid would you provide?

Press down firmly on bleeding areas (neck) and bandage if possible

Check RR and heart rate for any abnormalities

CPR if necessary

Splint any fractures

Broken nail (control bleeding)

Check for swelling

Shock/hypothermia (dry the dog as much as possible and cover with warm towel/blanket

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1. Dog fight

2. You could also be attacked by the dog including the friendly dog as it is in pain and it could lash out. Hypothermia.

3. Puncture wounds, abrasions, lacerations, potentially internal bleeding, damaged teeth/claws, haemorrhage (drowning on severity).

4. Call the vet! Put pressure on any bleeding/ bandage wounds. Do not remove any teeth if left embedded. Cover with blankets to keep warm.

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Horse is hit by a lorry

Risks: Active road, other Horse, slippery ice, scared Horse

Possible injuries: Fractures, haemorrhaging, head/ spine injury, internal bleeding, puncture wounds, blunt force trauma, Hypothermia.

Fist aid: Check for danger, Check for responce, Check heart rate and respiration rate, Check airways, apply pressure on open wounds, wet on wet bandaging for heamorrahging , Dry on wet dressing for open wounds, keep warm in blankets.

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Horse and rider have fallen down a steep, snowy hill. Then while protecting the rider, horse gets hit by truck.

Horse is in shock so is full of adrenaline, difficult to calm it down.

Due to snow, the area is icy and cold so there is a slipping hazard and hypothermia.

Blunt force trauma, so is unstable.

Risk it will hurt itself more.

Horse could injure person trying to help.

Fracture

Internal and external bleeding

Brain damage due to hitting the ground.

Spinal cord injury

Try to move the horse off the road

Call for help, call a vet

Cover the horse with blanket to keep it warm and to avoid hypothermia.

Cover head with something to decrease stress.

If possible, clean any open and actively bleeding wounds.

Bandage any easily accessible wounds.

Take off riding equipment but keep bridle on.

Keep airways open and clear.

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Horse has suffered trauma to leg in the field, weather is deteriorating 

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Horse has suffered trauma to leg in the field, weather is deteriorating 

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Arriving at the scene what risks would occur, hypothermia from the weather due to walking to the horse and treating , being kicked or bitten or stood on by horse because of pain or shock, horse spooking, slipping in the mud, not finding way back because of darkness.

what injuries could the horse have?

Broken leg, hemorrhage, inflammation, bruising, torn muscles, shock, hypothermia.

some first aid you would provide?

ABC, stop bleeding, check mucus membrane, bandaging, calling vet, calling farrier, and foil blankets. If confident spilint if needed

how would u transport the horse?

trailer, lorry, stretcher.

hind legs- fowards facing

fore legs - backwards facing

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Dog is in a pool of water so has possibly been stuck in a body of water and may have been drowning.

What risks might be presented in attending this animal.

If dog is still in water, make sure you are not alone before attempting rescue, call for help as water may be very cold and trigger hypothermia. Currents in the water may also be strong enough to sweep you away.

What conditions might you suspect based on the scenario?

Hypothermia

Unconsciousness

Fluid in lungs so no breathing

Unable to breathe

Heart may have stopped

What first aid?

Performing cpr on the animal to get oxygen around the body to get it breathing again

clear the water out of its lungs by triggering a gag reflex or thumping the animal between the shoulder blades.

Towel/blankets or heaters to keep the animal warm

Put the dog in a recumbent lateral position for easier cpr

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1. Dog jumps out of car window

2. You could be hit by a car, could cause other cars to crash into eachother/you/ the dog.

3. Broken limbs, abrasions, sprains, blunt trauma, potentially internal bleeding, potentially spinal/head injuries.

4. Call the vet! Bandage minor wounds. Try and keep the head and body straight whilst transporting the animal into a car.

-didn’t finish-

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a dog has been run over outside your house

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a dog has been run over outside your house

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1. this is an unknown animal, you don’t it’s temperament. be careful and assess the situation, an animal can react differently to how they usually do when they are in pain. you should approach the dog slowly and calmly you could also cover their eyes/head to lower their stress levels. before even attending the animal you should have the closest vets number on dial and ready to call asap. make sure you have a first aid kit on hand aswell with duct tape.

2. the dog could be suffering a blunt (hit from the car) or penetrative trauma(foreign objects from the car) there could be fractures, broken nails, bleeding and haemorrhaging. could be suffering hypothermia (being too cold) and shock e.g cardiogenic (heart failure), hypovolemic (haemorrhage and other fluid losses) or distributive (maldistribution of blood away from central circulation). could have trouble breathing and require CPR

3. make sure the dogs in a safe place to prevent further injury. Clinical signs to look for shock consist of rapid hr, pale mucous membranes, low bp, weak pulse and depending on which type of shock it has , nearly all shocks require fluid therapy so it’s best to give fluids if it’s breathing fine still but you would have to wait for the vet to properly diagnose what the dog is suffering from. to deal with the hypothermia you can wrap the dog around those things you have in the car to keep it warm, can perform cpr to help the animal breathe. if possible place the animal on the side and do chest compressions and if not breathing at all, breath through the dogs nostrils if they’re unconscious and if you’re comfortable to do so. breathe for the animal 10-12 times per minute. this can replace the role of the heart and lungs for the animal and improve the return of blood to the heart via compressions and oxygen to lungs via resuscitation. to stop the bleeding, press either with your finger or palm firmly on the area, apply a. bandage firmly but not too tight (enough for two fingers to fit) from your first aid kit ylu bought out and continue placing new bandages over the soaked ones and secure in place with the duct tape. if there are any foreign object in the animal, it’s best to leave them there and wait for veterinary surgeon assistance. for fractures if the animals laying down you can see if there’s and deformation of the limbs and if there’s visible bone, don’t give any pain meds but you can make a temporary splint to immobilise the region. as for broken nails, applying pressure controls the bleeding and you can even get some white flour to help remove the broken nail gently. or there’s the case of bandaging to limit haemorrhage. sterile saline solution cleans the wound, should use water. can use an adherent dressing followed by a bandage material and then the tape on top just don’t apply too tight or too lose because you don’t want pressure necrosis or swelling or cut off blood circulation, but again don’t remove soiled bandages and jsut keep adding ontop till the vet arrives.

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Dog defended child from wolf and was attacked

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Dog defended child from wolf and was attacked

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1 - Dog showing aggressive behaviour when approaching, dog may bite. If aggressive, muzzling the dog is an option. Potential risk of cross contamination of zoonotic diseases if direct contact is made to animal.

2 - Check for any signs of (hypovelemic) shock, such as increased blood pressure, low output urinary, weak pulse. Haemorrhaging from lacerations/puncture and potentially penetrative wounds may be occurring and should be controlled ASAP. Broken nails. Check mucous membrane colour to shock and capillary refill time to check for signs of internal bleeding. Dog may have blunt trauma due to being thrown around as well as penetrative trauma from wolf’s canines. Important to check for signs of hypothermia due to being wet and cold, signs may include collapse or unconsciousness.

3 - Apply pressure using fingers/palm of hand to injuries to prevent animal from going into further hypovelemic shock. Ensure dog is kept warm but not hot with hot water bottles filled with warm water and dried. Bandage any wounds and ensure that they are not removed until veterinary professional has arrived.

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The dog has been flung off a moving vehicle.

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The dog has been flung off a moving vehicle.

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1. The dog was holding onto a towel that was connected to a lorry, he was underneath the lorry and moving via his wheelchair. The lorry took a sharp turn and the towel broke, flinging the dog to the side of the road.

2. The floor is wet and the dog is wearing a jumper so the threat of hypothermia is present. The dog is on the side of the road which is wet so there is a risk of cars crashing, the vehicles in the video were also speeding. There are multiple other wild animals present at the scene, they can be a risk for you and the injured dog.

3. Abrasions will be present as the dog is flung quite a distance. There may have been glass on the floor as it was in the city so lacerations or punctures could be on the dog. The dog was flung quite high up so hematomas may be present. As the dog rolled multiple times at speed there may be fractures present but no open fracture on the dog. The dog is at risk of shock as there is visible shaking, and the force of the impact could mean internal injuries that can cause shock.

4. Carefully remove the dog from the road, he already has a spinal injury so he will have to be extra careful when moving. Potentially remove the wheelchair as it could cause punctures or broken skin. Remove the jumper as it will be wet so to help prevent hypothermia it will have to be removed if scissors are available. Also, wrap the dog in a dry cloth to help warm them up. If dressing is available, apply it to the open wound on the dog, duct tape can be used for the tertiary part of nothing else is available.

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What is the scenario: a dog has jumped out of a moving car onto a road

What risks might be present in attending this animal: it is on a busy road, you risk being hit by oncoming traffic. Dog could be in pain and so could bite.

What conditions might be present: Blunt trauma, especially in the front left paw and back left paw (as evident by the limp and avoidance of putting weight on said paws). Possible bruising. Severe Grazing is possible due to the dog sliding on the asphalt. Bones could be broken due to the tumble the dog took.

What first aid would you provide: first we would move the dog away from the road using a safe carry. Then check the dog for visible injuries such as bruising, grazing (road rash) or penetration wounds. If the dog is bleeding bandage the wound (if a bandage is available). Check the dog for symptoms of shock. If the dog is in shock treat accordingly. Make sure to call a vet using the number you saved in your phone and if possible rush the dog to the vet.