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Capoeira was the result of 300 years of slavery in Brazil. 

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Capoeira was the result of 300 years of slavery in Brazil. 

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Before being captured and enslaved in Brazil, the people from the Kongo-Angola region used to play kicking games for fun and leisure.

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Capoeira was banned, but the Kongo people secretly kept playing their traditional games in private.

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Capoeira was banned, but the Kongo people secretly kept playing their traditional games in private.

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The roda (pronounced ho-da, means wheel) was formed as a defensive circle, with choreography and music added to make it look like a dance, masking the fact that it was a form of combat.

Capoeristas created a unique rhythm called cavalaria, mimicking the sound of approaching horse hooves, to alert one another about police presence. When they heard this signal, capoeira transformed into what seemed like a harmless samba dance, allowing them to avoid suspicion.

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“The ​​principles of resistance are at the heart of capoeira”

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“The ​​principles of resistance are at the heart of capoeira”

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In the major cities, gangs called maltas, mainly made up of poor mixed-race free men, utilized capoeira techniques for street fights and looting. In these contexts, they skipped the traditional capoeira circle (roda) and dance. This marked the beginning of capoeira being linked to street violence, a connection that persisted to different extents over the years.

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Capoeiristas were drafted to fight in the brief war against Paraguay in 1865.

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Capoeiristas were drafted to fight in the brief war against Paraguay in 1865.

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Although they were forced into service, they displayed bravery in battle. Upon their return, they were respected and admired in their communities.

However, Not too long after the war, capoeira was seen as a threat, The Penal Code of 1890 legalized corporal punishment or forced exile for the practitioners of capoeira.

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Master Bimba quote on the corporal punishments for Capoeristas

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Master Bimba quote on the corporal punishments for Capoeristas

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“The police persecuted a capoerista like you chase after a damn dog. Just imagine, one of the punishments they gave capoeiristas that were caught playing was to tie one wrist to the back of a horses tail and other to another horse. The two horses were sent running toward the police station. We even used  to make a Joke, that it was better to play near the police station, because there were many deaths. The individual couldn't support being pulled at high velocity along the ground and died before arriving at his destination”

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Capoeira is a martial art rooted in Afro-Brazilian culture. 

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Capoeira is a martial art rooted in Afro-Brazilian culture. 

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Blending acrobatics, dance, percussion, and songs into a rhythmic conversation involving body, mind, and spirit. Often referred to as a game.

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Capoeira is performed within a roda, which is a circular formation similar to the ones used in traditional Afro-Brazilian dance.

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Capoeira is performed within a roda, which is a circular formation similar to the ones used in traditional Afro-Brazilian dance.

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During a capoeira game/match,  two players step into the roda at once, keeping their attention on each other. They can move in circular patterns, either clockwise or counterclockwise, as they play the game.

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Movements involve a lot of kicks and sweeps

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Movements involve a lot of kicks and sweeps

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Ginga- the swaying dance step that occurs between blows in capoeira is a graceful movement, a rhythmic pause, where players dodge and evade attacks in a flowing and elegant manner.

Benção-forward kick towards the chest with the sole of the foot.

Many moves are named after animals, such as “the monkey”- a lop-sided backflip

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Capoeiristas often spend a significant amount of time upside down, performing various acrobatic moves and techniques that involve being inverted.

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In capoeira, it's not respected to use unprovoked violence or to humiliate an opponent without humor. Such behavior goes against the spirit of the art.

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In capoeira, it's not respected to use unprovoked violence or to humiliate an opponent without humor. Such behavior goes against the spirit of the art.

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To truly grasp capoeira, students need to learn both the physical movements and the musical elements of the game. This comprehensive understanding is essential to mastering the art.

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To truly grasp capoeira, students need to learn both the physical movements and the musical elements of the game. This comprehensive understanding is essential to mastering the art.

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In addition to the musical instruments, the capoeira group engages in singing Portuguese songs using a call-and-response style.

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Orquestra (orchestra), which consists of the berimbau, pandeiro, atabaque and the agogô.

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Orquestra (orchestra), which consists of the berimbau, pandeiro, atabaque and the agogô.

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The berimbau is a musical instrument resembling a bow with an open gourd that amplifies the sound. It has a mystical significance and is the most vital instrument in capoeira.

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ANGOLA – Slow beat, for a game with intelligence, vision, strategy and malicia.

SÃO BENTO PEQUENO – Also known as inverted Angola, a beat for a friendly and very technical game.

SÃO BENTO GRANDE DE ANGOLA – Beat for more cadentious and fast Angola game.

BENGUELA – Beat for a fun, malicious and game.

SÃO BENTO GRANDE DE BIMBA – Beat for a strong, fast game which emphasizes the martial aspect of Capoeira, aggressive not violent.

IUNA – Beat for a low, malicious, intelligent, choreographed game. Only for graduated students and Mestres (masters). Cintura desprezada (a sequence of acrobatic movements)

SANTA MARIA – Medium pace

CAVALARIA (cavalry) – Beat to warn the presence of strangers, in the past announced the arrival or presence of the Police, when played the capoeirista should cloak its games.

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Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader-Ann Cooper Albright

https://www.abcapoeira.com/about/music/

https://www.lalaue.com/learn-capoeira/cintura-desprezada/

https://www.metronomeonline.com/rhythm-through-diversity-capoeira/

https://www.abada.org/capoeira-history/

https://www.capoeirafitnessdc.com/about-2#:~:text=As%20is%20the%20case%20with,the%20capoeirista's%20level%20of%20experience.

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About Capoeira

Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art disguised as a dance and performed to musical instruments and traditional Brazilian songs. It is comprised of specific offensive and defensive movements and, unlike in other martial arts, the participant is constantly in motion because of the basic movement, the ginga.

The movements also consist of positions on the ground, kicks, sweeps and acrobatics. Some believe that capoeira originated in Africa, others say that it was formed in Brazil. The regional style of capoeira originated in the 1930s in Brazil and, unlike capoeira angola, is usually practiced to a quicker beat and kicks are performed in an upright and aggressive style.

History

Capoeira's history begins with the adoption of African slavery by Portuguese colonists in Brazil. Since the 16th century, Portugal extensively adopted slavery to man their colonies, coming mainly from West and Central Africa. Brazil, with its vast territory, was the major destination of African slaves, receiving 38.5% of all slaves sent by ships across the Atlantic Ocean. Capoeira has a long and controversial history, since historical documentation in Brazil was very scarce in its colonial times. Evidences, studies and oral tradition leave little doubt about its Brazilian roots, but it is impossible to precisely identify the exact Brazilian region or time it began to take form.

Martial Art

Capoeira is a fast and versatile martial art that is historically focused on fighting outnumbered or in technological disadvantage. The ginga (literally: rocking back and forth; to swing) is the fundamental movement in capoeira, important both for attack and defense purposes. It has two main objectives. One is to keep the capoeirista in a state of constant motion, preventing him or her from being a still and easy target. The other, using also fakes and feints, is to mislead, fool, trick the opponent, leaving them open for an attack or a counter-attack. As is the case with most martial arts, capoeiristas are required to wear a uniform, which consists of white pants, or abada, and a t-shirt, typically white with the capoeira academy's logo. The pants are secured by a cordão, or belt, which is a specific color based on the capoeirista's level of experience. The beginning student receives a green cordão and receives subsequent belts after demonstrating her/his skills at an annual batizado and troca de graduações (graduation).

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Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art disguised as a dance and performed to musical instruments and traditional Brazilian songs. It is comprised of specific offensive and defensive movements and, unlike in other martial arts, the participant is constantly in motion because of the basic movement, the ginga.

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Usually male presenting people wear white pants/capris and no shirt.

Female presenting people wear white tops and white pants.

The pants will usually be held up by a belt that symbolizes their level of experience.

Capoeira dancers wear white because it symbolizes purity to them.