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Start date: August 15, 1096
western europe
The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule

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Start date: 722 AD
spain and portugal
a centuries-long effort by the Christian kingdoms of Spain to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

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Founded: November 1, 1478
spain
it resulted in consolidating power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom.

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The start of Islam is marked in the year 610
islam
fostered the development of a religious, political, and cultural commonwealth and the creation of a global empire.

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Created: 3 January 1916
united kingdom and france
led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas.

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On May 14, 1948,
Israel
sparked the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, which resulted in the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight and subsequently led to waves of Jewish emigration from other parts of the Middle East.

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1948
afghanistan
The effects of the internal unrest and international condemnation led to dramatic changes beginning in 1989.

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Jan 30, 1933
european jews
Areas of Russia whose Jewish populations bore the brunt of the Holocaust have seen lower economic growth and wages in the decades

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Apr 6, 1992
Bosnia and Herzegovina
250 000 men were killed during the war, 35 000 women were raped. At the peak of the war, almost 2,000 000 people were displaced. In the meantime, this number has been reduced to 500 000. Croatia alone is still hosting 100 000 refugees from Bosnia.

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June 28, 1919
france
The treaty forced Germany to surrender colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific

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January 30, 1933
germany
the Nazi Party transformed from a small, violent, revolutionary party to the largest elected party in the Reichstag.

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June 1944
normandy
they pushed back against Axis forces until Germany was forced to surrender less than a year later.

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This totally transformed our lives because we could settle down in one place and grow our own crops. I mean, can you imagine not having to scrounge around for berries or chase after wild animals? Life got way easier, bro. With stable food production, people had more time to explore other things like art, science, and even build cities. Plus, it led to the development of complex societies with specializations in skills like pottery or metalworking. The Neolithic Revolution truly set the stage for civilization as we know it today.

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The green revolution, a set of initiatives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity through the use of modern farming techniques and technologies, has had a significant impact on global food production and alleviating hunger. By introducing high-yielding crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, the green revolution enabled farmers to produce higher yields in shorter growing periods. This not only ensured food security but also allowed developing countries to increase their agricultural exports, improving their economies.

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The creation of gunpowder was a pivotal moment in human history, with profound importance and impact that resonates to this day. Developed by the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century, gunpowder revolutionized warfare by providing an explosive force capable of propelling projectiles at high velocity. This innovation brought about significant changes in military tactics, leading to the emergence of firearms as a dominant force on the battlefield. The introduction of gunpowder also challenged traditional methods of warfare, such as archery and cavalry charges, and paved the way for the militarization of societies worldwide.

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The industrial revolution, which spanned from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, had a profound impact on global economies, societies, and politics. This period of rapid industrialization marked a shift from manual labor to machine-driven manufacturing processes, fueling significant advancements in technology, production efficiency, and economic growth. The introduction of factories and machinery not only spurred mass production but also led to urbanization as rural populations migrated to cities in search of better job opportunities. Consequently, this transformation had far-reaching consequences for social structures and culture as traditional agrarian societies witnessed the rise of the working class with stark socioeconomic disparities emerging between factory owners and laborers.

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The impact of plastic being made is significant and wide-ranging. The production of plastic involves extracting and refining fossil fuels, primarily oil and natural gas, which not only contributes to environmental degradation but also fuels climate change through the release of greenhouse gases. It is estimated that the manufacturing process of plastic accounts for about 10% of global CO2 emissions. Additionally, the production and disposal of plastic generate vast amounts of waste. Plastic waste often ends up in landfills or pollutes natural ecosystems such as oceans and rivers, causing harm to wildlife and marine life while taking hundreds of years to decompose.

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The impact of Christopher Columbus's "discovery" of the Americas on both Europe and the indigenous populations cannot be understated. From a European perspective, Columbus's voyages opened up new trade routes, resources, and possibilities for colonization. The riches extracted from the New World fueled European economies and catalyzed the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Moreover, Columbus's expeditions set in motion an era of global exploration and expansion that shaped the modern world as we know it today.

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The Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, has had a profound impact not only on the people of Syria but also on the region and international community as a whole. The conflict has resulted in an estimated death toll exceeding 400,000 people and millions displaced from their homes, creating a massive humanitarian crisis. Beyond the staggering loss of life and displacement, the war has destabilized the Middle East region by providing fertile ground for terrorist organizations like ISIS to thrive. The conflict has also fueled sectarian tensions between different religious and ethnic groups within Syria and spilled over into neighboring countries, exacerbating existing conflicts.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon

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The impact of Neil Armstrong's historic steps onto the surface of the moon cannot be overstated. His actions on July 20, 1969, marked an unparalleled achievement for the human race, symbolizing our collective ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges and expand the boundaries of exploration. Armstrong's momentous walk instilled a sense of pride and admiration not only in America but also around the world, serving as a testament to humanity's indomitable spirit and scientific progress. From a professional standpoint, his accomplishment revolutionized space exploration by demonstrating that humans are capable of voyaging beyond Earth and paving the way for subsequent missions that have deepened our understanding of our celestial surroundings.

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The founding of The World Trade Organization (WTO) truly changed the global economic landscape. Established in 1995, the WTO became a platform for member countries to negotiate and resolve trade disputes, thus promoting a more open and predictable international trading system. Its impact has been far-reaching. Firstly, it provided developing nations an opportunity to voice their concerns and have equal representation in global trade discussions. This contributed to a more inclusive and fair trading environment. Secondly, the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism ensured that trade conflicts were addressed impartially, allowing businesses to operate with greater certainty and stability. Moreover, by enforcing rules governing subsidies, intellectual property rights, tariff barriers, and more – the WTO helped reduce protectionism globally, fostering increased interconnectivity among economies. Overall, the establishment of the WTO has facilitated smoother international trade processes and ushered in a new era of collaboration and prosperity for nations around the world

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The invention of the printing press in the 15th century revolutionized communication and had a profound impact on professional practices. Prior to its advent, books were laboriously handwritten by scribes, making them expensive and rare. The printing press made mass production of literature possible, significantly reducing costs and increasing accessibility. This led to a dissemination of knowledge that was unprecedented in history, democratizing education and fostering intellectual growth. In the professional sphere, the printing press facilitated the exchange of ideas by enabling the widespread distribution of information and advancements across various fields, such as medicine, law, and engineering. Specialized journals emerged, enabling professionals to stay up-to-date with developments within their respective industries.

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Facebook's launch in 2004 had a profound and far-reaching impact on both social dynamics and digital communication for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. With its user-friendly interface and robust features, Facebook quickly became the go-to platform for connecting with friends, family, colleagues, and even strangers. The launch of this social networking giant transformed how people communicate and share information online, enabling users to easily post updates, photos, videos, and interact through comments or direct messages. In terms of professional implications, Facebook revolutionized marketing strategies by providing businesses an unparalleled opportunity to target specific demographics with highly personalized ads.

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The bankruptcy of Cambridge Analytica had a significant impact on the field of data analysis and political consulting. Firstly, it shattered the reputation and credibility of the company itself, tarnishing its standing as a leading player in the industry. The public disclosure of their unethical practices, such as harvesting personal data through Facebook without users' consent, undermined trust not only in Cambridge Analytica but also in similar firms operating in this sphere. This event also fueled public concern about privacy and data protection, paving the way for stricter regulations and scrutiny from governing bodies worldwide.

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The Battle of Thermopylae, culminating in a defeat for the Greeks, had far-reaching implications that reverberated through the ancient world. Occurring in 480 BCE during the second Persian invasion of Greece, the Greek forces, led by King Leonidas I of Sparta, ultimately succumbed to overwhelming Persian forces under King Xerxes I. Despite their loss, this Spartan-led stand served as a catalyst for inspiring Greek unity and resolve against future Persian incursions. The Greek defeat at Thermopylae also delayed the Persian advance and provided valuable time for reorganizing their defense strategy. Moreover, this battle ingrained a sense of national pride among the Greeks who rallied behind those brave warriors who sacrificed themselves for their homeland. It may be argued that without the defeat at Thermopylae and subsequent inspiration it sparked, further engagements such as the pivotal Battle of Plataea would not have been possible—ultimately leading to a decisive Greek victory over Persia and preserving Hellenic culture in Western civilization.

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The Battle of the Somme, fought between July and November 1916 during World War I, had a profound impact on both military strategy and public consciousness. The offensive, launched by the British and French forces against the German lines, resulted in immense casualties on all sides. This protracted conflict witnessed nearly 1.2 million casualties overall, making it one of the bloodiest battles in history. Although it failed to achieve its initial goal of breaking through the German line, the Battle of the Somme forced Germany to divert resources from other fronts and weakened their resolve.

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The dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki had a profound and devastating impact on both the city and its inhabitants. The immediate aftermath resulted in the instant deaths of tens of thousands of people, with many more suffering from severe injuries and long-term health issues caused by radiation exposure. Buildings and infrastructure were obliterated, leaving a landscape of ruins that would take years to rebuild. The psychological toll was immeasurable, with survivors experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, survivor's guilt, and a deep sense of loss for their loved ones and community. Economically, Nagasaki faced significant setbacks as industries were destroyed, causing widespread unemployment and hindering the region's recovery.