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What are prefixes, suffixes, and affixes? First off,  an affix is any word such as a prefix or suffix that attaches to another word. By definition: ”One or more sounds or letters occurring as a bound form attached to the beginning or end of a word, base, or phrase or inserted within a word or base and serving to produce a derivative word or an inflectional form”. –Merriam-Webster.

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According to Fromkin et.al (2009), Phonology is a study of how speech sounds from the patterns. It investigates on sound differences and sound patterns within a language. Phonology concerns with the abstract or mental of the sounds of a language rather than the physical articulation in an utterance

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Not all plurals are pronounced in the same way. The final segment determines the usage of a certain plural allomorph.

E.g: Cabs [kæb] + [z]
Caps [kæp] + [s]
Buses [bʌs] + [əz]

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Other than plural morpheme, allophone can be seen in other parts of grammar such as past tense, possessive morpheme and 3rd person singular morpheme. In past tense pronunciation, allomorph focuses on three (3) main sounds such as

[əd] - verbs end with [t], [d]

e.g: Gloated [glot əd]

[bd] - verbs end with the segment of voiced [d]

e.g: Grabbed [græ bd]

[t] - verbs end with the segment of voiceless [t]

e.g: Reaped [rip t]

*the poster below shows the types of allomorphs used in possessive & third person singular morpheme

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Possive morpheme & third person singular morpheme (1)

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*Definitions*
Phoneme:  Phonetics unit which appears in square brackets ([]) and it is used to physically produce speech sound
Allophone: A mental abstract sounds which perceive sounds and corresponding to the phoneme in various environments.
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3 MAIN RULES OF ENGLISH PRONOUNCIATION:

- Vowels are nasalized before a consonant vowel within the same syllable.
e.g: Lace [les]

- Voiceless stops (/p/, /t/, /k/) which occur initially in the stressed syllables.
e.g:  Spill [spɪl]

- Voiceless alveolar stops (/t/). Unaspirated [t] sound.
e.g: Tick [tɪk]

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Intro to Phonology: Phonemes & Allophones (lesson 1 of 4)

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In order to produce a suitable English word sounds, phonology rules play an important role in it.  The phonemic representations are minimally specified because some features or feature values are predictable. Although the specific phonology rules varies from language to language but the natural classes are referred to the universal natural classes.

Here are the three types of rules for of English phonology:

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Possive morpheme & third person singular morpheme (2)

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Syllable is a phonological unit form one or more morpheme. It has vowels or vowel-like sounds including diphthongs.

Onset: Part of syllable before vowel
Rime: Subsyllabic unit containing any consonant (s) (nucleus + coda)
Coda: Part of syllable after vowel
Nucleus: Vowel (Nasal liquid or nasal)

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Possive morpheme & third person singular morpheme (3)

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Knowledge of phonology is an information about what sequence of phonemes are possible and which are not in a certain language.

1. Phonotactic constraints
-Limitation of sequence of the syllable segments which vary from a language to another language
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No consonant: Consonant /b/, /g/, /k/, /p/
Vowel segment: Consonant /l/ & /r/
Sequential consonants (Occur at the beginning): /s/ + /p/, /t/, /k/ + /l/, /r/, /w/, /j/
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2. Lexical gaps/ accidental gaps
-Words that DO NOT exist in language but could exist because they conform to the phonotactic constraints of the language.
-Usually used to create a brand's name to attract consumers
e.g: Bic, Xerox, Kodak

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What is morphology?

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What is morphemes?

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Kongregate free online game Morphology - Simple turn based puzzle game inspired by Paganitzu and Rogue. Transform into different creatu.... Play Morphology

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The Mitten by Jan Brett - Phonemic/Phonological Awareness - Challenge Board

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Decide what new word is created when you delete the first sound. Created by Pamela Bordas, MS, CCC-SLP Find other games on this page http://www.quia.com/pages/pbordashome.html

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Both of onset and coda can construct more than one consonant.
e.g: /st/
Onset: Stop
Coda: Post
{It is permissible in English Phonotactics which it constraint of permissible combinations sounds in language}

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𝒫𝒽𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓁𝑜𝑔𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓁 𝒶𝓌𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝑒𝓈𝓈

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𝒫𝒽𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓁𝑜𝑔𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓁 𝒶𝓌𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝑒𝓈𝓈

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Most kids don't need to be taught phonological awareness. They pick it up by being exposed to a rich language environment. But some kids need to learn the skills through explicit instruction and practice.

Many teachers teach phonemic awareness in kindergarten and early first grade. The best way to teach these skills is by using structured literacy instruction. This type of step-by-step instruction teaches skills in a logical order.

Kids start by rhyming and identifying beginning sounds in words. They end by learning to add, subtract, and substitute sounds to make new words.

Learn more about structured literacy .

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Most kids don't need to be taught phonological awareness. They pick it up by being exposed to a rich language environment. But some kids need to learn the skills through explicit instruction and practice. Many teachers teach phonemic awareness in kindergarten and early first grade.

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The Measured Mom - The Science of Reading

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5 Things You Need to Know about Phonological and Phonemic Awareness

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The poems; "Train of life"

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Examples

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Rushamilla Husna binti Mohd Ruzuki (2019883376)

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Siti Nurhazwafa binti Hamidon (2019256384)