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- Based on the findings of an action-learning project where senior executives explored the implications of key environmental trends for the future of their organizations (Wikipedia)
- Core competencies

Reading the Environment

Managing Proactively

Sharing the Vision

Empowering Human Resources

Promoting Creativity, Learning and Innovation

Developing Skills in Remote Management

Harnessing the Creative Power of Information Technologies

Managing Complexity and Ambiguity

Reframing Contexts

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Images of Organization - Gareth Morgan (Book)

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Images of Organization - Gareth Morgan (Book)

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Organizations as:

Machines

Organisms

Brains

Cultures

Political systems

Psychic prisons

Fliux and transformation

Instruments of domination

- metaphor is central to our thinking about organisation and management and open new possibilities (Wikipedia)

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Solution lies with time pacing (scheduling change at predictable time intervals)
My note: creative skill -> discipline

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Organizations

"Communities are not limited by formal structures: they create connections among people across organizational and geographic boundaries"

"the very characteristics that make communities of practice a good fit for stewarding knowledge—autonomy, practitioner-orientation, informality, crossing boundaries—are also characteristics that make them a challenge for traditional hierarchical organizations"

Education

"interest in these peer-to-peer professional-development activities"

(link here)

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1 Advantage is temporary
2 Strategy is diverse, emergent, and complicated
3 Reinvention is the goal
4 Live in the present
5 Stretch out the past
6 Reach into the future
7 Time pace change
8 Grow the strategy
9 Drive strategy from the business level
10 Repatch businesses to markets and articulate the whole

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Solution lies with experimentation
My note: creative skill -> experimentation

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Exploiting the old while creating something new

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Exploiting the old while creating something new

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Requires regeneration
My note: creative skill -> composition (production)

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Resolution is coadaptation
My note: creative skill -> collaboration

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Resolved through improvisation
My note: creative skill -> improvisation

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As we gain experience developing business-based communities, it will become easier to apply such methods outside the firm and even beyond networks of firms. Civil-Sector communities might organize markets-including both businesses and consumers-and organize citizens with common interests in areas as housing, parenting, health, education, the arts, and areas of practice associated with human society.

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Cultivating Communities of Practice (pg. 223)

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Cultivating Communities of Practice (pg. 223)

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"This internal capacity as well as external trust with colleagues across firms in turn depend on communities in relevant areas of practice, both inside and across participating firms. In these mergers, ventures, and alliances, inter organizational communities of practice are ideal vehicles for realizing the knowledge potential that exists across firms."

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CoPs are

self-organizing

not lead by anyone

informal

there to share existing knowledge

harmonious places

made by good facilitation

immeasurable in their impact

driven by one specific technology

the solution to everything

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How do communities develop their practice

Problem solving

Requests for information

Seeking experience

Reusing assets

Coordination and strategy

Building an argument

Growing confidence

Documenting projects

Visits

Mapping knowledge and identifying gaps

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Informal phone calls, emails, scheduled visits

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Informal phone calls, emails, scheduled visits

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The ability to make use of what you learn

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"Organizations increasingly have to be ready to join forces with competitors to take advantage of market opportunities that require complex knowledge." (Wenger, McDermott, Snyder)

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Communities in an extended knowledge system

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Communities in an extended knowledge system

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Income and costs of a for-profit publisher (Hilton and Wiley, 2011)

Cost and impact of an online course provider Helsdingen, Janssen, and Schuwer (2010), Johansen and Wiley (2010)

They identify models that work at small scale and single context situation

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Dholakia, King, and Baraniuk, (2006)

Downes (2007)

Koohang and Harman (2007)

Wiley (2006a)

Dholakia, King, and Baraniuk (2006) argue that “unless the OEP site is able to first gain and maintain a critical mass of active, engaged users, and provide substantial and differentiated value to them in its start-up and growth phases, then none of the available and/or chosen revenue models will be likely to work for the OEP in the long run"

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Attention, improved public relations, relationships with partners

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Attention, improved public relations, relationships with partners

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Hodgkinson-Williams (2010)

Steve Carson (2006)

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Caudill (2011)

Hylén (2006)

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Groups of individuals successfully collaborate on large-scale projects following a diverse cluster of motivational drives and social signals, rather than either market prices or managerial commands (Benkler 2002)

Created and vetted by a decentralized group of individuals who may or may not be credentialed or formally qualified to participate in their creation and vetting

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Converting or transforming materials used to teach formal classes (either face-to-face or online) into a format appropriate for open sharing

Integrity model

Essence model

Remix model

Curated by created and vetted by respectable institutions

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Create materials and aggregate into a course

ocw.mit.edu

ocwconsortium.org

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Create and locate material and aggregate into an open textbook

cnx.org

flatworldknowledge.com

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Resources tagged with metadata and stored individuals in databases or repositories

oercommons.org

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Open Educational Resources: A Review of the Literature 

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Principals, academic deans, other leadership members who are responsible for leading or designing capstone experiences at their schools. Individuals at district level positions who are leading faculty groups who are responsible for delivering capstone education.

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The ones delivering content to students in the classroom. Educators k-16 who are actually facilitating, coaching, or leading capstone classes, or capstone experiences in the classroom.

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Educators in K-16

Educators moving away form traditional textbooks

Improve learning by introducing students to more varied and current learning content

Ref: Steven Bell

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As a counter to costly, commercially produced learning content

Alternative to the rising cost of educational materials

Opportunity to try new ways of teaching and learning, many of which are more collaborative and participatory.

Ref: Steven Bell

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Course materials

Journals

Online learning communities

Content libraries

Ref: Steven Bell

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OER are educational materials and resources that are publicly accessible meaning that they are openly available for anyone to use and under some licenses to re-mix, improve and redistribute.

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Open Educational Resources are educational materials and resources that are publicly accessible meaning that they are openly available for anyone to use and under some licenses to re-mix, improve and redistribute.

You may already be familiar with open access journals and books. These materials are not "free". Someone had to create them and costs were borne by some party. But the author or publisher licensed the content so that any member of the public may access it and possibly re-use or re-format it.

OER is similar in that the individuals who create these resources are licensing the content so that it is publicly accessible and may be re-purposed by others for educational applications.

Learning content: full courses, course material, content modules, learning objects, collections, and journals.

Tools: software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and online learning communities.

Implementation resources: Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design-principles, and localization of content.

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Research Guides: Discovering Open Educational Resources (OER): Get Started

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Open Educational Resources are educational materials and resources that are publicly accessible meaning that they are openly available for anyone to use and under some licenses to re-mix, improve and redistribute. You may already be familiar with open access journals and books. These materials are not "free".

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"radically decentralized, collaborative, and nonproprietary" (Benkler 2007)

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Organizations as Complex Systems:  Contingency and Openness for Designing a Community of Practice

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Organizations as Complex Systems:  Contingency and Openness for Designing a Community of Practice