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C

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Bromoalkanes and iodoalkanes aren’t usually made using HBr or HI directly because hydrobromic acid and hydriodic acid aren’t commonly available in the lab.
1. What would you react together to make a sample of bromoethane in the same sort of way? Use structural formulas to represent these reactions.

2. What would you react together to make a sample of 1-iodopropane in the same sort of way?

3. Explain how each of these cases relates to the equation:

ROH + HX --> RX + H2O

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- is usually made by treating the alcohol with a mixture of sodium or potassium bromide

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Replacing the OH group in the alcohol with a halogen

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Alkenes + Hydrogen bromide
The carbon carbon double bond breaks.
The electrons in hydrogen move to the halide
The bromine ion bonds to the carbon with the carbon attached to the most number of carbons
The hydrogen bonds to the other carbon
bromoalkane is formed

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alkenes + hydrogen halides= halogenoalkanes
if the alkene is larger that an ethene two products can be produced, the main product is decided using Markovnikov's rule.

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Free radical substitution
- UV radiation attacks the X-X bond in a halogen molecule
- Produces two free radicals
- The two free radicals attack the alkene
- Halogenoalkane is formed