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"Autism" was used to describe a subset of schizophrenic patients, which were believed to be self-absorbed and withdrawn

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Leo Kanner, M.D., who was an American child psychologist, studied 11 children that were intelligent but had a strong desire for lonliness and were insistent on constant sameness
He published a paper with a systemic description called, "early infantile autism'.

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Hans Asperger, a German scientist, described a "milder" form of autism. It is now known as Asperger's Syndrome. Aspberger's cases were very intelligent but struggled socially and obsessing over interests.

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Psychologist, Bruno Bettelheim, popularized the theory of "refrigerator mothers". He claimed insufficient love to your children caused  autism.

Parents advisor Fred Volkmar, M.D., director of the Child Study Center at Yale University School of Medicine and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders said, Post-World War II, researchers focused on the impact of life experiences and did not consider the role of genetics in autism. We now understand genetics to be the main cause.

Autism was classified under schizophrenia in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Scientists are now aware there are no links between these consitions

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The first autism twin study was published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 21 pairs of British Twins were studied by Susan Folstein and Michael Rutter. They confirmed that autism was strongly rooted to genetic and biological differences in brain development.

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"Infantile autism" was listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) for the first time. The condition was officially separated from childhood schizophrenia.

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"Infantile autism" in the DSM was replaced with a more expansive definition of "autism disorder," which included a checklist of diagnostic criteria.

UCLA psychologist Ivar Lovaas, Ph.D., gave hope to parents when released a study showing intensive behavior therapy can help children with autism.

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The movie, Rain Man, was released. Dustin Hoffman starred as an autistic savant who had a photographic memory and could calculate large numbers using mental math. Rain Man was of high importance because it raised awareness of the disorder. It is important to note that every child with autism is not exactly like Rain Man. The beauty of autism is the range of abilities and talents.

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Rain Man Official Trailer #1 - Tom Cruise, Dustin Hoffman Movie (1988) HD

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Asperger's Syndrome was added to the DSM, which expanded the autism spectrum to include milder cases in which individuals tend to be more highly functioning.

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The Lancet published a study suggesting the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine cause autism. This finding was quickly debunked.

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Thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative, was removed from routine childhood vaccines due to the public's fear of its link to ASD. Despite these fears, the vaccine-autism argument has been discredited.

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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that 1 in 110 children have autism spectrum disorders. This was an increase in prevalence from 2007, which said 1 in 150 children have ASD. The CDC says the increase partially stems due to improved screening and diagnostic techniques.

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All subcategories of the condition are folded into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)in the DSM-5. Asperger's Syndrome is now considered a subcategory of ASD, no longer considered separate.
The two categories of ASD are:
1) Impaired social communication and/or interaction
2) Restricted and/or repetitive behaviors