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Entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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An effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable when sampled.

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An unfocused purple or magenta "ghost" image on a photograph.

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A noticeable distortion of media caused by the application of lossy compression.

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A deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.

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An image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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has a wide angle aspect ratio

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Detects and conveys information used to make an image.

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Is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame.

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Uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film.

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A group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

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A unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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A unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

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unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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A unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

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An early-20th-century art movement which brought European painting and sculpture historically forward toward 20th century Modern art. Cubism in its various forms inspired related movements in literature and architecture.

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The avant-garde are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.

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A trend in sculpture and painting that arose in the 1950s and used simple, typically massive, forms.

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Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings

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Pop art is an art movement that emerged in Britain and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.

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Large-scale interference patterns that can be produced when an opaque ruled pattern with transparent gaps is overlaid on another similar pattern.

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A work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural or man-made.

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The adoption of elements of a minority culture by members of the dominant culture.

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Is used to help sell, advertise or market a product, service, person or persons.

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Two photographs are exposed onto the same film to blend two images together.

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A diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

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A filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition

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A loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.

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Directs the light in a tight beam.

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Directs a flattering soft light.

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A tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices

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A self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio.

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Are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-through diffusion.

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A tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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A light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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A remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colors or other elements in a picture

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The use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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Straight-out-of-camera which denotes zero computer photoshop.

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Creates an attractive catch light on a subject's eyes while emitting even, diffused lighting that helps eliminate shadows.

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A positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process.

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A photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film.

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An image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in.

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A photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print.

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An organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process.

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A technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above.

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A lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography.

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When the main light illuminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face.